Transcript SELF-RULE for CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND

SELF-RULE for CANADA,
AUSTRALIA, AND NEW
ZEALAND
Bell work #3
It states that they bought this century
old house for there parents which is a
national landmark
Canada
Indigenous- original inhabitants of these
regions were relatively few in number, and
white settlers quickly subdued and replace
them.
These two English speaking colonies, as
well as Canada, won independence faster
and with greater ease than England’s
territories in Africa or Asia.
The Canadian Pattern
The two Canada's- Canada Act in 1791 created
two provinces: English speaking Upper Canada
and French Speaking Lower Canada. Each had
its own laws, legislature.
1800s- The people of Upper Canada resented
the power held by a small British elite. In Lower
Canada, too, people felt that British officials
ignored their needs.
1837, discontent flared into rebellion in both
Upper and Lower Canada.
The Durham Report
British learned a lesson from the American
Revolution, so they sent a able politician, lord
Durham, to study the causes of the unrest.
Durham Report called for the two Canada's to
be reunited and given control over their own
affairs.
1840, Parliament passed the Act of Union it gave
Canada and elected legislature to determine
domestic policies. Britain kept control of foreign
policy and trade.
Dominion of Canada
John Macdonald and George Etienne
Cartier, urged confederation, or unification,
of all Canada’s provinces. Like many
Canadians, MacDonald and Cartier feared
that the U.S. might try to dominate
Canada. A strong union would strengthen
Canada against American ambitions.
1867, the British North America Act was
passed, creating the Dominion of Canada.
It united four provinces in self governing
nation.
Expansion
John Macdonald, Canada’s first prime minister,
encouraged expansion across the continent.
1885, the Canadian Pacific Railway opened,
Linking eastern and western Canada
As in the U.S., westward expansion destroyed
the way of life of Native Americans in Canada.
Most were forced to sign treaties giving up their
lands. Some resisted, Louis Riel led a revolt of
the Metis, people of mixed Native American and
European descent. Government troops put down
the uprising and executed Riel.
Europeans in Australia
The Dutch in the 1600s were the first
Europeans to reach Australia.
1770, Captain James Cook claimed
Australia for Britain.
The First Settlers- They had reached
Australia 50,000 years ago, probably form
Southeast Asia.
Aborigines were groups of small hunting
and food gathering bands, much as their
Stone Age ancestors.
Penal Colony
Prisons in London and other cities were
jammed with poor people arrested for
crimes such as stealing food or goods to
pawn.
To fulfill the need for prisons, Britain made
Australia into a penal colony, a place to
send people convicted of crimes. The first
ships, carrying about 700 convicts arrived
in Botany Bay, Australia, in 1788. The men
Under the brutal discipline of soldiers,
worked to clear land for the settlement.
The Outback
1851, gold was found in eastern Australia.
Gold hunters stayed on to become
ranchers and farmer. They pushed into the
rugged interior known as the Outback.
There too, the y displaced the Aborigines
and carved out huge sheep ranches and
wheat farms.
1800s Australia had won a place in a
growing world economy.
Achieving Self-Government
1901, Britain helped the colonies unite into
the independent commonwealth of
Australia. The new country kept its ties to
Britain by recognizing the British monarch
as its head of state.
This set up a federal system that limited
the power of the central government.
Australia quickly granted women the right
to vote. It also was the first nation to
introduce the secret ballot.
New Zealand
Far to the southeast of Australia lies New Zealand.
Maori struggles- Unlike Australia, where the
Aborigines were spread thinly across a large
continent, the Maoris were concentrated in a
smaller area.
Maoris were settled farmers. They were also a
warlike people, determined to defend their land.
1840, Britain annexed New Zealand. The move
was designed in part to keep out other imperialist
powers.
1870, resistance crumbled. The Maori population
had fallen drastically, form 250,000 to less than
50,000 Only in recent years has the Maori
population started to grow once more.
Self Government
White New Zealanders sought self-rule. In
1907 they won independence, with their
own parliament, prime minister, and
elected legislature. They, too, preserved
close ties to the British empire.
1893, it became the first nation to give
suffrage to women.