Transcript Gene analysis of Japanese and American Giant Salamanders Mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene

AAST and Kokutaiji collaboration project
Gene analysis of
Japanese and American
Giant Salamanders
Mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene
The purposes
１. Research collaboration between the
Japanese and American high schools
２. Gene analysis of American giant
salamander
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Ｃ
Ｖ
Ｆ
Ｅ
Ｐ Ｔ
Ｌ
（ＵＵＲ）
Andrias japonicus
Ｉ
Ｍ
Ｗ
Ｎ
Ｃ
Ｙ
Ｑ
ｍｔＤＮＡ
Ｓ
１６，２９８ｂｐ
Ａ
ＯL
Ｈ
Ｄ
Ｒ
Ｇ
Ｓ
（ＵＣＮ）
Ｋ
Ｌ（ＣＵＮ）
（ＡＧＹ）
The method of this research
DNA extraction
DNA amplification
Sequence
AAST high school
Amplification of mitochondrial genes
12S rRNA and 16S rRNA
Win
Kokutaiji high school
Determination of the nucleotide sequence of
the 12S rRNA fragment
Comparison with genes of
Japanese and Chinese salamanders
12S rRNA gene tree
Our next question
Nucleotide substitution rate
is just 0.1%
in the Japanese populations.
Evolutionary rate of genes is really slow?
or
populations experienced a bottle-neck effect?
How about in American species?
Japanese Giant Salamander
DNA music
Organism cells are filled with music
The all pervasive principle of
repetitious recurrence governs not
only coding sequence construction
but also human endeavor in music
composition.
Ohno, S and Ohno, M
Imunogenetics 24, 1986
Susumu Ohno
HoxA13
5’
Homeo box
3’
77%
Salam.
Hum.
1:GAACTGGAAAGAGAATATGCGACAAACAAATTCATTACCAAGGACAAACGAAGAAGAATATCCGCAACTACAAGCCTCTCAGAGAGG 87
1:GAACTTGAACGGGAATACGCCACGAATAAATTCATTACTAAGGACAAACGGAGGCGGATATCAGCCACGACGAATCTCTCTGAGCGG 87
***** *** * ***** ** ** ** *********** *********** ** * ***** ** ** ** * ***** *** **
96.8%
Salam. 1:ELEREYATNKFITKDKRRRISATTSLSER 29
Hum. 1:ELEREYATNKFITKDKRRRISATTNLSER 29
************************ ****
Homeobox gene family
HoxA13 forms a finger
Hexamers within the salamander
Hox region
GAACTG
GAAAGA
GAATAT
GACAAA
GAAGAA
GAATAT
GAANDD
/C
♯
♯
Hexamers
within the human Hox region
salamander
GAACTG
GAAAGA
GAATAT
GACAAA
GAAGAA
GAATAT
GAANDD
/C
human
GAACTT
GAACGG
GAATAC
GACAAC
GGAGGC
GGATAT
GRANDB
/C