Transcript N P KAANTABAY SA KAUSWAGAN

NAGA
KAANTABAY SA
KAUSWAGAN
(Partners in Development)
PROGRAM
Empowering the Urban Poor
2001 INTERNATIONAL AWARDEE
Finalist -World habitat Awards
1998 INTERNATIONAL AWARDEE
Habitat II Top 40 Best Practices
in Improving the Human Environment
1994 NATIONAL AWARDEE
Gantimpalang Panlingkod Pook
(Galing-Pook Award)
Background
• Naga City, Philippines
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regional center of education
regional center of trade and commerce
attracted rural migrants searching for better
opportunities
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Background
The Urban Poor Problem (1988)
• Urban poor accounted for 25% of the population
(5,000 to 6,000 families)
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“Illegally” occupied private and government property
Lived in dilapidated shelters in blighted communities
Grappled with living conditions characterized by
congestion, squalor, and lack of facilities and services
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Background
The Urban Poor Problem (1988)
• Relationship among the city government, urban
poor and landowners on issues involving land
tenure problems was adversarial
• Previous local administrations indifferent to urban
poor plight
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The condition of 27 urban poor communities remained
blighted
Government passive in the face of squatter ejection
and demolition by private landowners
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Development Perspective
CORE PHILOSOPHY:
“GROWTH WITH EQUITY”
Shows an enlightened
perception of the poor. It seeks to:
Promote economic
development
(growth)
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Politically and
economically empower
the vulnerable sectors
of the community
Development Perspective
Growth with Equity
• Borne out of the recognition that while many benefit
from improving the business climate, an equal
number are also forced to pay the social cost of the
consequences of growth
• Requires a pro-poor bias since the marginalized are
mainly the beneficiaries of equity-enhancing
programs
• Requires a readiness to work with similarly-inclined
institutions
• Requires maintaining a degree of fairness,
credibility and reliability so that government can
effectively work with other sectors
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
The Program
Kaantabay sa Kauswagan
A social amelioration program designed to empower
the urban poor by responding to their 2 main
problems:
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Absence of land tenure security
Lack of basic infrastructure and facilities in their
communities
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
The Program
Beginnings
• Before the 1986 EDSA Revolution – COPE
Foundation started organizing the urban poor in
Naga
• 1987 – urban poor plight brought to the attention of
President Corazon Aquino during her visit to Naga
• May 15, 1989 – Urban Poor Affairs Office set up;
Naga was among the first local governments in the
Philippines to establish one dedicated to urban poor
concerns
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
The Program
Goals
Seeks to institutionalize a mechanism that will
provide permanent solutions to all land
tenurial problems involving the urban poor
• Normalization – address land tenure issues involving
homelots for the urban poor
• Poverty Reduction – help urban poor build capital and
promote socio-economic empowerment
• Urban Upgrading – provide basic infrastructure and
facilities in urban poor communities
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
The Program
Short-term Objectives
• Provide permanent solutions to all land tenure
problems involving the urban poor
• Uplift the living condition of urban poor residents in
the city
• Eradicate arbitrary ejection and minimize incidences
of eviction/demolition
• Explore alternative modes of land acquisition
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
The Program
Long-term Objectives
• Empower the urban poor sector in Naga City by
providing homelots, basic infrastructure and
services, as well as livelihood opportunities to all in
need
• Strengthen the urban poor sector and heighten their
participation in local governance
• Integrate the urban poor in the mainstream of
development and make them more productive
members of society
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
The Program
Basic Premise
• The urban poor is a vital sector in Naga’s quest for
total development
• They are potential partners in development—
kaantabay sa kauswagan—not impediments to
progress
• But as a marginalized sector, the urban poor needs
to be brought back to the mainstream
• Only when sufficiently empowered can the urban
poor be productive members of society
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Activities
Main Categories
• On-site land acquisition and development – involves
acquisition, from private owners, of land currently
occupied by the urban poor
• Off-site land acquisition and development – involves
acquisition of land to serve as relocation sites for
victims of eviction and demolition
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Through direct purchase, land swapping and other
modes of acquisition
Through disposition of public lands
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Activities
Main Categories
• Capability Building – focuses on social preparation
of partner-beneficiaries
• Auxiliary Services and Institutional Support – land
surveys, and relocation, legal and livelihood
assistance
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Activities
Land Acquisition Strategies
• Direct Purchase - purchase of land occupied by the
urban poor from its owner by the city government
itself. The occupants, then, amortize the cost of their
individual homelots to the city government.
• Land Swapping - urban poor-occupied
property is
exchanged by a private owner with another lot, of
roughly equal value, purchased by the city
government. Amortization on individual homelots is
paid to the city government.
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Activities
Land Acquisition Strategies
• Land Sharing - involves working out a
mutuallybeneficial arrangement for a single property that
allows both private landowners and urban poor
occupants to satisfy their respective needs
• Community Mortgage - a scheme that allows the
wholesale purchase of a private property occupied
by members of an urban poor association, using the
Community Mortgage Program of the National
Home Mortgage Finance Corporation
• Resettlement
and Expropriation – the city
government uses its power of “eminent domain” to
acquire privately-owned land for the urban poor.
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Activities
Site Development
• The city government provides and upgrades the
following infrastructure facilities:
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Streetlights
Concrete streets
Pathwalks and footbridges
Levels I and II water systems
Multi-purpose halls
Drainage system
Daycare centers
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Activities
Site Development
• Within the site’s immediate vicinity, the following are
provided:
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Public Elementary and High Schools
Satellite Markets
Health Centers
Police Outposts
Opening of transport routes, if there are none existing
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Implementation
Program Policies
• “partner-beneficiary" perspective in dealing with
clients
• strategy of focus in client identification and selection
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program coverage delimited only to the urban poor
sector in Naga
client identification is facilitated by a single criterion:
presence of a land tenure problem. Where there is
such a problem, the program responds; for where
there is a tenurial issue, there is also urban blight.
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Implementation
Program Policies
• tripartite approach to urban poor problem resolution
a) GOVERNMENT
• City and national
government agencies
b) URBAN POOR
SECTOR/BENEFICIARIES
• Urban poor federation,
associations and their
allied NGOs
c) PRIVATE LANDOWNERS
• Owners of the land occupied by
the urban poor or of the land to be
used as resettlement site
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Kaantabay’s Tripartite Partnerships
• Government Agencies
Naga City Government
Local Government
main program implementor
National Line Agency
Authorized city government to
supervise disposition of public
land in the city
National Housing Authority
Lead Shelter Agency
Production of housing units,
assistance in developing
relocation sites
National Home Mortgage
Finance Corporation
Government-owned
Corporation/Financial
Institution
Financial support for the
Community Mortgage
Program (CMP)
Home Guaranty Corporation
Government-owned
Corporation/Financial
Institution
Interim financing for CMP,
property seller for BLISS I
housing project
Home Mutual Development
Fund (HMDF-PAGIBIG)
Government-owned
Corporation/Financial
Institution
Financial support
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Housing and Urban
Development Coordinating
Council
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Coordination with key shelter
agencies in the
implementation of its housing
program
Kaantabay’s Tripartite Partnerships
• Non-Government/People’s Organizations
Main program partnerbeneficiaries
Naga Urban Poor Associations
People’s Organization
Community Organizers of the Philippines
Foundation
Non-government
Organization
Community organizing, social
preparation and program
advocacy
Naga City People’s Council
Non-government
Organization
Community organizing, social
preparation and program
advocacy
• Landowners
Archdiocese of Caceres
Metroland Corporation
Abella Family
Naga Centrum Corporation
Factora Family
Prado Family
Quizon Family
Lahom Family
Borebor Family
Mariano Family
Sison Family
Heirs of Fabiana Arejola
Belmonte Family
And others
Li Seng Giap Family
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Implementation
Program Policies
• Role definition and specialization
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local government does what it can do best
NGOs tapped for other tasks such as community
organizing
• Dealing only with urban poor organizations, not
individuals
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compels interested applicants to take the initiative in
organizing themselves, thus, facilitating community
organizing
once organized, urban poor communities become
ready to participate in tripartite resolution of tenurial
issues
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Implementation
Organization and Service Delivery
• Naga City Urban Development and Housing Board
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20-man tripartite policymaking body
• Naga City Urban Poor Federation
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NGO, composed of all urban poor associations, that
works with the Board
• Urban Poor Affairs Office
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operating arm of the program
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Resources
• City Annual Budget
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Institutionalized in the Kaantabay Ordinance which
mandates the local government to allocate 10% of its
budget to the program, net of personnel services
• Beneficiary Equity
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Mortgage on homelots so that the city can recover
cost of development
No dole-out and project equity policies
Enhances the principle that the urban poor are
homeowners, not squatters
• Partner Equity
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Contributions by the private sector and partner NGOs
to the program
Such as community organizing efforts by the COPE
Foundation
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Impact
Urban Poor
• Social and economic dislocation of poor families is
avoided
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Thus, contributing to a more secure future for the
urban poor
By helping them build capital (through homelots),
empowers the urban poor to become more
productive agents of the local economy
As of 2004, a total of 47 projects benefiting 8,529
households
• More avenues for participation in local governance
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Through an increase in urban poor associations from
9 to 70
Belonging to a city-wide federation
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Off-Site Projects
Impact
SAN RAFAEL RESETTLEMENT PROJECT
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 10.0072 Has.
PACOL RESETTLEMENT PROJECT
HH POP: 377
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 15.4467 Has.
SAN FELIPE RESETTLEMENT PROJECT
HH POP: 707
Land Swapping
AREA: 0.9986 Has.
HH POP: 98
PANICUASON BRGY SITE
AREA: 2.000 Has.
HH POP: 87
CALAUAG RES. PROJ.
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 4.9505 Has.
HH POP: 591
Map of Naga City
SAN ISIDRO BRGY SITE
AREA: 2.000 Has.
HH POP: 52
ISLA PEÑAFRANCIA RES. ROJECT
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 1.1248 Has.
HH POP: 84
ABELLA (JOLLY) RESETTLEMENT PROJECT
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 4.000 Has.
HH POP: 464 (551)
SABANG RESETTLEMENT SITE (METROVILLE)
Donation
AREA: 1.6985 Has.
HH POP: 184
CARARAYAN P-1 RESETTLEMENT. PROJECT
Donation before Robredo era
AREA: 5.8419 Has.
HH POP: 219
CARARAYAN P-II RESETTLEMENT. PROJECT
Donation before Robredo era
AREA: 2.000 Has.
HH POP: 65
DEL ROSARIO RES. PROJECT
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 1.6655 Has.
HH POP: 137
On-Site Projects
POOK MANGGA (STA. CRUZ) . PROJ.
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 0.0555Ha.
HH: 6
Impact
PEÑAFRANCIA (MITRA) PROJ.
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 5.5037 Has.
HH POP: 428
N
ABELLA (ACACIA) PROJ.
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 0.3012 Ha.
HH: 51
GREENLAND PROJECT
(CONCEPCION PEQUEÑA)
AREA: 0.8718 Ha.
HH: 52
GOOD NEIGHBORS PROJ.
(IGUALDAD).
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 0.1181 Ha.
HH: 10
IGUALDAD ZONE IV PROJ.(CMP)
AREA: 0.4812 Ha.
HH: 63
SABANG PORO PROJ..(LAND SHARING)
AREA: 1.3000 Has.
HH: 233
CALSADA-MABULO PROJ.
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 0.3872 Has.
HH: 56
LERMA PROJ.(CMP)
AREA: 0.2950 Ha.
HH: 78
TABUCO PROJ.
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 0.5934 Ha.
HH: 134
LERMA Z-II PROJ.
Negotiated Purchase
AREA: 0.1362 Ha.
HH: 23
On-Going Projects
BAGUMBAYAN SUR (MANUBAY)
ON-SITE PROJECT
Expropriation
A : 0.7379 ha.
HH :
Impact
CAPILIHAN ON-SITE PROJECT PEÑAFRANCIA (SAN ANDRES)
Negotiated Purchase
ON-SITE PROJECT
A: 1.7894has.
Expropriation
HH: 110
A : 60,977 Sq. M.
HH :
AZUCENA-CALAUAG ON SITE
Negotiated Purchase
HH: 35
QUEBORAC RESETTLEMENT. PROJ. (OFF SITE)
AREA: 7.000 Has.
HH: 835
N
BALATAS (TAPAS)
ON-SITE PROJECT -Recovery through
court litigation
A : 5.9818 has.
HH :
CONCEPCION GRANDE RESETTLEMENT
(YSAAC PROJ) -Expropriation
A : 0.3059 ha.
HH=
TABUCO -NG HUA
Land Swapping
HH: 17
SABANG (FULGENTES)
ON-SITE PROJECT
Expropriation
A : 0.8510 ha.
HH =
CANDA NEIGHBORHOOD
ON-SITE PROJECT
HH : 128
TRIANGULO RESETTLEMENT
(OFF- SITE)
HH: 169
TABUCO-QUINALE PROJ. (ON SITE)
AREA: 01989 Ha.
HH: 47
DOÑA CLARA VILLAGE
PROJECT. (ON SITE)
AREA: 5.2274 has.
HH:
Impact
Landowners
• Dispute Resolution
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Mutually acceptable solutions to long-standing
tenurial problems are arrived at
• Direct Economic Benefit
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By getting payment for their land
Through a rise in property values brought about by
improved access, urban upgrading, and infrastructure
and facilities constructed by the city
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Impact
Naga, as a whole
• Urban Upgrading
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Renewal of 27 blighted urban poor communities
Improved access, health and sanitation conditions
• Economic Benefits
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Housing constructions and improvements done by the
urban poor
And their multiplier effect
• A more livable, equitable and sustainable city
• Deepened civic pride
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National and international recognition of Kaantabay
as a model urban poor program
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Innovative Processes
• A changed, more enlightened perception of the poor
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The sector’s plight is viewed not as a social problem
but as a symptom of a bigger structural imbalance in
society
The urban poor have basic human rights—including
the right to shelter and a decent life in an urban
setting
• A dedicated urban poor agency
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Setting up of the Naga UPAO shows that the city
government is committed to matching pro-poor
rhetoric with concrete resources and results
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Innovative Processes
• Tripartism
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A fair, credible and effective mechanism—where
government, private landowners and urban poor
associations work together in finding mutually
acceptable solutions to even long-standing tenurial
issues—works wonders and enables functional
partnerships to gel and take shape
• Functional partnerships
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By hewing closely to the principles of role definition,
role complementation and specialization, the program
is able to maximize the power of pooled community
resources
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Innovative Processes
• Continued development of creative approaches to
land tenurial issues and socialized housing
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Through the various modes and approaches to land
acquisition, community development and project
financing, the city overcame financial constraints that
usually hamper implementation
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3 new projects are now being finalized under these
community development and project financing
approaches: the CBD II Row Housing Project,
Integrated Livelihood cum Housing Project, and
Medium Rise Housing Project
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Work-for-pay scheme (Bayadnihan) introduced to
address the problem of poor homelot amortization
payments brought about the financial crisis over the
past few years
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Lessons Learned
• The task of tackling social problems and
governance, itself, must be shared with civil society
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All sectors must be as responsible for governance as
the local officials, themselves
• Local governments cannot be all things to all people
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It has its own specialization and must strike a synergy
and partnerships with other government agencies,
NGOs and beneficiaries
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
Lessons Learned
• Local governments are better positioned to address
the problems in their midst
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It is, therefore, best to transfer additional resources to
local governments, as well as extension of specialized
services by national agencies
• Government need not give everything to the poor
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The poor are ready to help themselves if only they are
involved in decision-making processes
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan Program
City Government of Naga, Philippines
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