Transcript Chapter 3: Seeking Health Care Health Psychology

Chapter 3: Seeking
Health Care
Health Psychology
I. Theories of Healthy Behaviors
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Health Belief Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Theory of Planned Behavior
Self-Regulation Theory
Precaution Adoption Process Model
Transtheoretical Model
Health Belief Model
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Susceptibility to disease
_____________ of disease
Benefits of behaviors
Barriers to behaviors
• Problems: ignores SES, ethnicity, access to
health care, social norms, good intentions
Theory of Reasoned Action
• Attitude toward behavior
• Subjective norm
– DFN: perception of social pressure
• Motivation to comply
• ___________________
• Prob: ignores ethnicity, SES, access to
health care
Theory of Planned Behavior
• Theory of Reasoned Action
+ Perceived ______________
Self-Regulation Theory
(Bandura’s social cognitive theory)
• Behavior
• Environment
• Personal Factors
all interact
– e.g., cognition
• DFN: reciprocal determinism = interaction
of factors, all have effects on
______________________
Precaution Adoption Process
Model (Weinstein’s)
• 7 stages:
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aware but believe not at risk (optimistic bias)
accept personal risk & idea of precaution
action
(believe action is unnecessary)
made changes
maintain changes
Transtheoretical Model
(Prochaska’s)
• 5 stages of behavior change:
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precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
___________________
II. Seeking Medical Attention
• DFN: Illness behavior = ______________,
determining health status
• DFN: Sick role behavior = ____________,
trying to get well
A. Illness Behavior
• Personal reluctance
– don’t want to see a doctor
• Social & demographic factors
– Less likely to see dr: men, poor, young,
*Tuskegee
• ______________________
– visible, severe, interfering, persistent
• Personal view of illness
Views of Illness
• Develop as we mature:
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“magic”
contagion
personal _______________________
interaction of bio, psych, & social
Conceptualizing Illness
(Leventhal)
• 4 components:
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identify/label
time course (of disease & tx)
consequences
cause
• People feel less anxious & helpless when
they _________________
B. Sick Role Conceptualizations
• Parson’s- Typical __________________:
– can’t be blamed for being sick
– relieved of normal responsibilities
– will try to get well
• Segall’s (alternative ideas)
– right to make health decisions
– right to be relieved of normal responsibilities
– duty to use variety of health care resources
C. Choosing a Practitioner
• What’s important?
– ___________________
– ___________________
– ___________________
III. Being in the Hospital
A. The Hospitalized
Patient Role
• Nonperson Tx =
______________
• Lack of info
– Leventhal’s 4
• Loss of control
– __________________ = every aspect of
person’s life is managed (e.g., eating, sleeping,
schedule)
“Good” vs. “Bad” Patient
• Good:
– quiet
– submissive
– obedient
• Pros: maybe better care, well liked, expect.s
• Cons: helplessness, uninvolved, pt & staff
may miss info
• Bad:
– demanding
– insist on info
– aware of rights
• Pros: may be a psych. healthy response,
better informed
• Cons: rebellious self-sabotage, staff angry
& ignoring
Stressful Medical ProceduresCoping
• Information
• Relaxation Training
• _______________