Transcript AMR Automatic Meter Reader By: Power Communication Systems (PCS, Inc.)

AMR
Automatic Meter Reader
By:
Power Communication Systems (PCS, Inc.)
Team Members
#1Advisor
Dr. Noel Schulz
“ The Fierce-some Four-some”
Members: Daven Carter, Marc Lewis, Samuel Jefferson III
Team Leader: Derrick Cherry
Problem:
The existing automatic meter reading systems used
to monitor power usage are extremely expensive.
•Costly Installation
•Costly Communication Techniques
The conventional meter reading systems are expensive to
maintain and lack competitive qualities.
•lack accessibility in bad weather conditions
•Do not optimize network
•Costly to read
•Lack security tactics
AMR Benefits
 Lower cost
 Increase revenues
 Decrease installation time
 Reduce the amount of installed
equipment
 Increase Readings
 Decrease Tamperings
 Optimize Network (Create Competitive
Advantage)
Block Diagram
Meter
Infrared
Sensor
Amp
Hex SchmittTrigger
Comparator
Inverter
PIC
PC
Wireless
Communication
Module
AMR
Hardware Components
Comparator
Infrared
Sensor
Meter
PIC w/ built-in
A/D Converter
Creatalink 2XT
Module
(Motorola)
PC
Cost
PIC
Board
Reflective PhotoSensor
Batteries
Creatalink
Miscellaneous
Total
$4.00
$5.00
$ .50
$2.00
$90.00
$10.00
$ 111.50
For each Device
Design Requirements
1. AC Voltage: The system will be powered by the 220
VAC service entering the power meter.
2. Emission: The infrared emitter/detector must be at
a distance of 1 cm away from the disk in order for
the proper amount of light power to be detected by
the phototransistor.
3. Performance: The system will detect 97% correct
events at 16 RPM under normal operational
conditions.
Design Requirements (cont.)
4.
Signal Quality of Input to Transducer: The output
of the sensor must be filtered in order for the
modulated 40 kHz signal so that the SNR will be
at least 16 dB.
5. Interface Between PIC and Wireless Board: The
PIC and the Creatalink will be interfaced using
three-wire RS232 Serial Communication protocol.
The flow control between the two devices will be
a software addition to the PIC.
6. Durability: This device must operate at the
temperature range of -30 to 85 C. It must be
protected against 1000 surges of 3000 A. It must
also be waterproof and rust proof for up to 1 year
per application of an anticorrosive chemical.
Design Requirements (cont.)
7. Packaging: Our device will be around 3 ½ x 1.5
inches and will be retrofitted into the case that holds
existing watt meters, which has a circular area of
19.5 in².
8. Battery Back Up: Battery back up must be able to
comply with the typical annual time of outages for
most utilities: 2.08 hours
9. Cost: Typical AMR-related savings can be
anywhere from $200 to $400 per meter per year,
depending upon utility size, geography, labor rates,
and meter accessibility
10. Longevity: The retrofit device has a lifetime
expectancy of 25 years
Design Requirements for Prototype:
 Emission
 Performance
 Signal Quality of Input to Transducer
Emission:
Infrared emitter/detector:
Distance:
• 1 cm from the disk
Why?
• So that the proper amount of light power be
detected by the phototransistor.
Distance:
Performance
 Detect 97% correct events at 16 RPM under
normal operational conditions.
Signal Quality Input:
 Output filtered for the modulated 40 kHz
signal
 The SNR will be at least 16 dB.
Sensor reflecting off of disk
Light being
detected by sensor
Sensor reflecting off black strip
of disk
Transmissive light being detected
through hole of the disk
Trasmissive light being blocked by disk
Circuit:(Transducer)
PIC Programming(ASM language):
• Power Consumption
• Outages
• Time of use
Circuit: (PIC & Displays)
The Creatalink
(Self- Addressing)
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Operating Frequency: 929-932 MHz
Transmit Data Bits Rate: 1600, 3200, 6400 bps
Operating Temps: 5 to 40 C
Physical Dimensions: 56mm(L) x 20mm(W) x 12mm (H)
Supply voltage: 1.2 – 1.5 Vdc: 3.1 Vdc +/-100 mV
Interface: 14 pin connector, universal SMT
Test Simulations:
 Pspice:
• Design and Simulate Transducer Circuit
• Analyze voltage and Frequency Control
 Oscilliscope
• Test Signal Quality
 PIC Programmer
• Program PIC in Assembly
 Mechanical
• Design and Simulate Rotating Disc
Demonstration:
Summary
Our solution is less expensive and
quicker to install than alternatives.
Our system offers comparable
control and reporting capabilities as
the competition.
Our system is more appealing to
small utilities.
Acknowledgements
Advising:
 Dr. Noel Schulz – Mississippi State University
Assistance:
 Dr. Randy Follett- Mississippi State University
 Dr. Roger King – Mississippi State University
 Dr. Joseph Picone – Mississippi State University
 Dr. Robert Reese- Mississippi State University
 Dr. Charles Nunnally- Virginia Tech University
 Dr. Ray Winton- Mississippi State University
 Mr. Bill Echols – SkyTel
 Mr. Odie McHann – Mississippi State University
 ABB – Meter Manufacturer
References
[1] Bimal K. Base, “Energy, Environment, and Advances in Power
Electronics,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp.
688-701, July 2000.
[2] A. Cohen, “Computers in use by Country,” Sales and Marketing
Management, Vol. 150, No. 3, p.14, March 1998.
[3] C. Brown, “Home Smart Home,” Black Enterprise, Vol. 27, No. 8, pp.
87-89, March 1997.
[4] M. Shwehdi, “A Power Line Data Communications Interface Using
Spread Spectrum Technology In Home Automation,” IEEE Transactions
on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 1232-1237, July 1996.
[5] J. Douglas, “The Future of Metering,” EPRI Journal, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp
19-23, March/April 1998.
References (cont.)
[6] Tom D. Tamarkin, “Automatic Meter Reading,” Public Power, Vol. 50,
No. 5, September – October 1992.
[7] R.C. Lanphier, Electric Meter History and Progress, Sangamo
Electric Company, Springfield, Illinois, 1925.
[8] Friese, “Three utilities announce AMR deployments,” Electric Light
and Power, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1998.
[9] J. Newbury and W. Miller, “Potential Metering Communications
Services Using Public Internet,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,
Vol. 14, No.4, October 1999.
[10] A.J. Baldwin and N.G. Planer, Evaluation of Electrical Interference
to Induction Watt-hour Meter, Honewell Inc., Roseville, Minnesota 1982.
References (cont.)
[11] Rochelle A. Fischer, Aaron S. Laakonen, and Noel N. Schulz, “A
General Polling Algorithm Using a Wireless AMR System for Restoration
Confirmation,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2,
May 2001.
[12] Krishna Sridharan and Noel N. Schulz, “Outage Management
through AMR
Systems Using an Intelligent Data Filter,” IEEE
Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, May 2001.
[14] Bruce A. McKenzie and Gerald L. Zachariah, Understanding and
Using Electricity, Interstate Printers & Publishers, Inc., Danville, Illinois,
1982.