Transcript 网络教育环境下 外语教学的 生态课堂优化 张瑞红 韩久全

网络教育环境下
外语教学的
生态课堂优化
张瑞红 韩久全
河北农业大学外语学院
河北保定 071000
摘
要
生态危机是现代人类面临的“全球性问题”
之一。在全球生态化的影响下,研究者们运用生态
哲学的基本原理对教育系统内部的各子系统进行
研究的过程中提出了教学生态观。生态教育理念
认为人是信息生态系统中的“中坚种群”，其核
心价值是促进人在信息生态中的全面发展。在教
育的整个生态系统中，课堂作为其中的一个生态
因子，是实施素质教育的主渠道.教学过程就是学
生、教师之间借助教学内容、教学手段等进行平
等对话的过程。本文对针对近些年教育技术在教
育领域的不断应用，基于教学过程中的两个生态
平衡：民主的教态和自主的学态，分析网络教育
环境下，外语教学课堂生态优化实施的方法和途
径。
关键词：网络教育，外语教学，课堂教学生态，
优化
Optimization of Ecological Class
in Foreign Language Teaching
• Abstract: Ecological crisis is one of the global problems that human
have to face. Influenced by the global ecological trend, reseachers
proposed the views of teaching ecology in the process of studying the
subsystems of the educational system based on the principles of
ecological philosophy. Ideas of Ecological Education assume that
human is the central group, and its core values is to promote human’s
all- round development in the information ecology. In the whole
ecological system of education, class teaching is among the ecological
factors, and is considered as the main way of quality education.
Teaching is a process of equal dialogue between teachers and
students in the help of teaching contens, teaching means and etc. This
paper, considering the increasing application of educational technology
in recent years, analyzes how to optimize the class teaching ecology in
the foreign language teaching in the basis of two ecological balance of
teaching process: teacher’s democratic manner and student’s
autonomic manner in learning. As a result, the final goal of training the
talents with high qualities and all-round development is completed with
the teaching.
Optimization of Ecological Class
in Foreign Language Teaching
• Key words:
•
online education,
•
foreign language teaching,
•
class teaching ecology,
•
optimization
Optimization of Ecological Class
in Foreign Language Teaching
• Introduction
• The necessity of optimizing the ecological
class
• Ways of optimizing the ecological class
• Summary
1. Introduction
• In the 21th century, the coming of the
global Internet era brought a new
education model to the reform on teaching
and education --- Online Education. It is
not only the important part of modern
distance education, but will be the main
education model of this century in high
education. Online teaching brought the
convenience to class teaching, and even
more, became a challenge to the
traditional class teaching.
1. Introduction
• The best way of achieving the good
teaching effect is the complement and coexistence of two class teachings. Class, as
among the ecological factors, is the main
channel of quality education and of
keeping the ecological balance of teaching.
In the micro-ecosystem of class teaching,
how
to
develop
the
harmonious
relationship between them becomes the
focus on education reform.
Introduction
• Teachers’ manner and students’ attitude in
learning benefit for the establishment of
good ecological balance at class. The
construction of two important ecological
balances: teachers’ democratic manner
and students’ automatic manner in the
teaching process, contribute to the two
concerning ecological factors: teacher
and student.
2. The necessity of optimizing the
ecological class
• 2.1 State analysis
• 2.2 The ecological class teaching
2.1 State analysis
• In the recent years the internationized feature in
the high education has become clearer and
clearer, however, College English Teaching in
China can not meet the international
development. Though many universities have
made some reforms and attempts in teaching
system, model and method and etc, it is not
nearly enough to change radically the state of
College English Teaching in the high education.
2.1 State analysis
• The expansion of undergraduate led
to the teaching way of large class
which took bad effect on organizing
the interactivities between the
ecological factors: teachers and
students, or students and students
at class. Most Class are still the
"One-way Presentation" of teachercentered method, the "Interactive
Communication" is hard to be
realized.
2.1 State analysis
• Teaching aims at the examination:
• This examination-oriented education system
breaks the laws of language learning, and
students are lack of opportunities in practising
and using language, and lack of interactivities
between teachers and students. All these
disadvantages contribute to the lose of
balance in the teaching ecosystem, naturally
students are easy to lose their activities and
learning interests.
2.1 State analysis
• English learning is not only to study a language
itself. Language is the carrier of culture. The
short 45 minute- class has no way to carry all
these rich cultural implications to learners. The
present single English teaching model cannot
meet the demands and laws of language
learning. Online classs, as an assisted teaching
way of the traditional class, can provide the rich
resources of language and culture, and can also
bring more visual resources to help learners
understand and feel the native accent、native
expression.
2.1 State analysis
As professor Gu Yueguo proposed that online
education can provide the best educational
ecosystem for learners. Internet provides a
better joint for the integration between class
teaching and information technology. The
combination of two class teachings can
motivate teachers and students, the two
ecological factors to optimize the teaching
process and learning effects.
2.2 The ecological class teaching
• American educator Waller. firstly proposed the
theory of “ecology of classroom” in his Sociology
of Education. From the perspectives of
educational ecology, ecological class means that
in class teaching the environment should be
harmonious and benefit for students’ sustainable
development. In the micro-ecological system of
class, the final aim is to direct educatees’ body
and mind to suit the natural and social
development, and promote social progress and
ecological balance.
2.2 the ecological class teaching
• The central values of ecolgoical system of
education in online environment is to promote
theachers’ and students’ all-round development
in the information ecology, and place emphasis
on the harmonious interreaction between man,
technology and teaching practice. Online
teaching makes up for tha lack of traditional
class, the co-exisistence and complement of the
virtual and real classes built up an effectively
ecological environment for students’ automatic
learning.
2.2 the ecological class teaching
• The two central groups teachers and
students constitute two important
balances
of
teching
process:
teachers’ democratic manner and
students’ automatic manner in
independent learning, which natrually
become the keys in the dynamic
ecosystem between teaching and
learning.
3.The ways of optimizing the
ecological class teaching
• In the educational ecosystem, teaching is
a key link and a dynamic process
referring to the harmonious development
of the ecological factors during the class
teaching. The practices indicated that the
optimization of the ecological class
teaching can be realized only through
keeping the balance of two kinds of
manners in the process of teaching:
teachers’ democratic
manner
and
students’ automatic manner in learning.
The ways of optimizing the
ecological class teaching
3.1 teachers’ democratic manner
3.1.1. Respect
3.1.2. Expectation
3.1.3 Appreciation
3.1.4. Encouragement
3.1.5 Empowerment
3.2 students’ automatic manner in
independent learning
3.3 establishing the internet suitable to learners’
independent learning
3.1 teachers’ democratic manner
• Teachers’ manner as a key factor
during the teaching process plays an
important hand in students’ moral
development. The expression of good
manner as a teacher has something
with his or her moral and intellectual
character, and his or her whole quality.
• In online environment, class is transformed
from the teacher-oriented to the studentoriented teaching, Teacher is not only a
teacher, but more a facilitator, organizer,
supervisor, trainer or friend. As a teacher,
how to do can form the democratic manner?
• Firstly, teacher should have the democratic
concept in teaching process.
• Secondly,
possessing
more
equally
educational behavior is very necessary to
teachers, especially to the disadvantageous
group.
• Thirdly teacher with a good manner should
be of several consciounesses:
3.1.1. Respect
• In
contemporary
society
and
classroom, respect goes both ways.
It is not a given, and needs to be
earned.
New-type
relationship
between teacher and student in
online environment should develop
the mutual respect.
3.1.2. Expectation
• All of students do something in the hope
of their success, even more they devote
their “expectation” to inner confidence in
learning and daily life. Therefore teachers
should believe that every one would be
successful, and convey this belief to
students through teachers’ eyes, smiles,
intonation and etc, make them feel
teachers’ support and facilitation.
3.1.3 Appreciation
• Teachers should use appreciation
education, find students’ “Sparking
Point” and appreciate their values, help
them to cultivate the Self-confidence.
Teachers with good manners are often
good at finding their strongpoint,
commend and moderately encourage
them, and let them feel the happiness
of success.
3.1.4. Encouragement
•
Teachers are natural advise-givers and
problem-solvers. Teachers should show
their
encouragement
through
the
behaviors. What teachers want to do is to
become a guide or encourager who
assists the student in exploring and
discovering various solutions to his own
problem.
The
achievement
of
encouragement education also depend on
teachers’words, smiles and eyes or other
body languages and so on.
3.1.5 Empowerment
• The power over one’s life is a key
component
to
self-esteem.
Empowerment for students, is the
better way of experiencing the ability
to make a difference in her life and in
the life of those around her. And their
successes can also set up a good
model for others to motivate their
activity in teaching.
3.2 students’ automatic manner
in independent learning
• Independent learning involves pupils taking
the
initiative
in
recognising
learning
requirements and undertaking activities to
meet them. Online class provides students
with a favorable environment to enable them
to become more successfully independent
learners. More importantly, man’s subjective
initiative plays a dominated role in language
learning. Learner’s self-independent learning
is a key factor in the succession of language
learning.
3.2 students’ automatic manner
in independent learning
• Only establishing the learning
purpose, learners can set the
learning goals based on their own
level, and choose the learning
contents
demanding
in
the
completion of their learning goals,
finally realize their learning purposes.
3.2 students’ automatic manner
in independent learning
• To the students, what is the right manner in the
independent learning? The key point is that every
student should set the clearly defined goals in
learning to motivate their inner enthusiasm and
interest. Then, students should cultivate the habit
of independent learning, train the good ability of
learning and emotion, attitude and values. It is
very necessary for the authorities or teachers to
offer them explicit instructions, keep them under
supervisation, give them proper formative
evaluation.
3.3 establishing the internet suitable
to learners’ independent learning
• The Network-based instruction can help
learners strengthen their linguistic skills
by positively affecting their learning
attitude and by helping them build selfinstruction strategies and promote their
self-confidence. The internet suitable to
learners’ independent learning is the
best way of achieving such a result.
3.3 establishing the internet suitable
to learners’ independent learning
• First is to fully use the internet.
Online class offers the students the
rich resources and wide space,
learner can freely choose the content
and exercises wtih different levels to
strenthen the understanding of the
studied knowledge, and do the
extensive
reading
about
the
background information of language.
3.3 establishing the internet suitable
to learners’ independent learning
• Second, building a good system of
supervisation
• Theoretically, the independent learning in
online environment, learner can get rich
reference materials and resources.
Therefore, students easily attain the
learning purpose only through choosing
the suitable content, reasonable teaching
methods. But in reality, there are some
students lacking the ability of controlling
themselves, of self-management and of
firm perseverance in learning.
3.3 establishing the internet suitable
to learners’ independent learning
•
Therefore, the benefitable feedback
should be built up in the net system to
supervize and control the learning processs
and comment the teaching result, and to
help students form the high effective and
individual learning way. On the one hand,
student can check his or her own record
through the net, and on other hand, teachers
can also make the update score based on
the record of exercises and the completion of
self-test on Internet, finally set the total score.
Summary
•
The intergrated pattern of online and
traditional foreign language teachings will
bring out a more favorable environment for
the learner, and set up the harmonious
relationship between the two central
ecological factors teacher and student. In
the whole microecosystem of class learner’s
subjective role and teacher’s leading role
are fully brought out, and the two balances
of the good teaching and learning manner
are kept to optimize the ecological class.
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[email protected]