Transcript Doppler Wind Lidar: Current Activities and Future Plans Presented to

Doppler Wind Lidar:
Current Activities and Future Plans
Presented to
Winter T-PARC Workshop
October 8 - 10, 2008
Presented by
Dr. Wayman Baker
NOAA/NASA/DoD Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
Overview
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Background
Why Measure Global Winds from Space?
Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar (HDWL)
Space-Based Wind Lidar Roadmap
Concluding Remarks
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Background
 ESA plans to launch the first DWL in 2010:
Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (ADM)
- Only has a single perspective view of the target volume
- Only measures line-of-sight (LOS) winds
 A joint NASA/NOAA/DoD global wind mission offers the
best opportunity for the U.S. to demonstrate a wind lidar
in space in the coming decade
- Measures profiles of the horizontal vector wind for the
first time, i.e. provides the 3-D wind structure
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Background (Cont.)
 NASA and NOAA briefings given to several agencies
including:
- USAF (March 20, 2007); letter sent from AF Director of Weather
on August 1, 2007 to NASA HQ stating:
- Of the 15 missions recommended by the NRC, global
tropospheric wind measurements was most important for
the USAF mission
- Willingness to endorse Space Experiments Review Board
support via the DoD Space Test Program
- USAF Space Command (May 8, 2007)
- Army (May 10, 2007)
- NOAA Observing Systems Council (NOSC – June 8, 2007; June 18, 2008)
- Navy (June 11, 2007); supporting letter sent on August 8, 2007
- Joint Planning and Development Office and FAA (June 18, 2007)
- FAA (May 16, 2008)
- NOAA Research Council (May 19, 2008)
- NPOESS Program Executive Office (July 30, 2008)
- NASA Associate Director of Research (September 29, 2008)
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Background (Cont.)
 The National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey
report recommended a global wind mission
- The NRC Weather Panel determined that a Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar
(HDWL) in low Earth orbit could make a transformational impact on
global tropospheric wind analyses.
 “Wind profiles at all levels” is listed as the #1 priority in
the strategic plan for United States Integrated Earth
Observing System (USIEOS).
 Cost benefit studies have identified economic benefits
~$940M/year (2007 $) with the measurement of global
wind profiles from space1,2
1 Cordes,
J. (1995), “ Economic Benefits and Costs of Developing and Deploying a SpaceBased Wind Lidar, Dept of Economics, George Washington University, D-9502.
2 Miller, K. (2008), “Aviation Fuel Benefits Update,” Lidar Working Group,
http://space.hsv.usra.edu/LWG/Index.html
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Why Measure Global Winds
from Space ?
The Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) community
has unanimously identified global wind profiles as the
most important missing observations.
 Independent modeling studies at NCEP, ESRL,
AOML, NASA and ECMWF have consistently shown
tropospheric wind profiles to be the single most
beneficial measurement now absent from the
Global Observing System.
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Forecast Impact
Using Actual Aircraft Lidar Winds
in ECMWF Global Model
(Weissmann and Cardinali, 2007)
 DWL measurements reduced the 72-hour forecast error by ~3.5%
 This amount is ~10% of that realized at the oper. NWP centers worldwide in the past 10
years from all the improvements in modelling, observing systems, and computing power
 Total information content of the lidar winds was 3 times higher than for dropsondes
Green denotes
positive impact
Mean (29 cases) 96 h 500 hPa height forecast error difference (Lidar Exper minus
Control Exper) for 15 - 28 November 2003 with actual airborne DWL data. The green
shading means a reduction in the error with the Lidar data compared to the Control.
The forecast impact test was performed with the ECMWF global model.
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Airborne Doppler Wind Lidars
In T-PARC/TCS-08 Experiment
in Western North Pacific Ocean (2008) to investigate tropical cyclone
formation, intensification, structure change and satellite validation
ONR-funded P3DWL (1.6 um coherent)
PI is Emmitt (SWA)
Will co-fly with NCAR’s ELDORA and
dropsondes
Wind profiles with 50 m vertical and 1 km
horizontal resolution
 Multi-national funded 2 um DWL
on DLR Falcon
 PI is Weissmann (DLR)
 Will fly with dropsondes
u,v,w,TAS,
T,P,q
Dropsondes
u, v ,P, T, q
u,v
Lidar horizontal
wind speed
Data will be used to investigate impact of improved
wind data on numerical forecasts
T-PARC: THORPEX Pacific Asian Regional Campaign
TCS-08: Tropical Cyclone Study 2008
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Why Wind Lidar?
Societal Benefits at a Glance…
Civilian
Improved
Operational
Weather
Forecasts
Hurricane Track Forecast
Flight Planning
Air Quality Forecast
Homeland Security
Energy Demands &
Risk Assessment
Agriculture
Transportation
Recreation
Military
Ground, Air & Sea Operations
Satellite Launches
Weapons Delivery
Dispersion Forecasts for
Nuclear, Biological,
& Chemical Release
Aerial Refueling
• Estimated potential benefits ~$940M per year (2007 $)*
• Including military aviation fuel savings ~$130M per year
* K. Miller, “Aviation Fuel Benefits Update,” Lidar Working Group,
July 2008, Wintergreen VA, http://space.hsv.usra.edu/LWG/Index.html
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Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar
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Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar
Measurement Geometry: 400 km
350 km/217 mi
53 sec
Along-Track Repeat
“Horiz. Resolution”
586 km/363 mi
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Altitude Coverage
HDWL Technology Solution
Overlap allows:
- Cross calibration
- Best measurements
selected in assimilation
process
Velocity Estimation Error
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HDWL Measurement Capability
24 km
21 km
14 km
12 km
10 km
2 km
1.5 km
1 km
0.5 km
0 km
8 km
6 km
4 km
Coherent
Detection
16 km
Direct Detection
18 km
1
2
3
4 m/s
Velocity Accuracy
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HDWL Mission Coverage Compared to Rawinsonde Network
Global rawinsonde network
850 worldwide locations (81 in USA)
average earth spacing = 775 km
average land spacing = 425 km
average coterminous USA spacing = 310 km
2/day launches
1700 rawinsonde launches/day
1700 vector wind profiles/day
Orbiting Hybrid Doppler Lidar System
2 vector wind profiles/350 km
2 vector wind profiles/48.5 s
3566 vector wind profiles/day
Factor of 2.1 more vector wind profiles
More evenly distributed including oceans
Quality and calibration knowledge
Consistent delivery and latency
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Space-Based Wind Lidar Roadmap
2007 NAS Decadal Survey
NexGen
NWOS
Recommendations for Tropospheric Winds
(2022. . .?)
• 3D Tropospheric Winds mission called “transformational”
and ranked #1 by Weather panel.
3D Winds also prioritized by Water Cycle panel.
“The Panel strongly recommends an aggressive program
early on to address the high-risk components of the
instrument package, and then design, build, aircraft-test,
and ultimately conduct space-based flights of a prototype
Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar (HDWL).”
GWOS
(2016. . .?)
“The Panel recommends a phased development of the
HDWL mission with the following approach:
– Stage 1: Design, develop and demonstrate a prototype
HDWL system capable of global wind measurements to
meet demonstration requirements that are somewhat
GWOS reduced from operational threshold requirements. All of
the critical laser, receiver, detector, and control
technologies will be tested in the demonstration HDWL
mission. Space demonstration of a prototype HDWL in
LEO to take place as early as 2016.
– Stage II: Launch of a HDWL system that would meet
fully-operational threshold tropospheric wind
measurement requirements. It is expected that a fully
NWOS operational HDWL system could be launched as early
as 2022.”
ADM Aeolus
(2010)
TODWL
(2002 - 2008)
Operational 3-D
global wind
measurements
Demo 3-D
global wind
measurements
Single LOS
global wind
measurements
DWL Airborne
Campaigns, ADM
Simulations, etc.
TODWL: Twin Otter Doppler Wind Lidar [CIRPAS NPS/NPOESS IPO]
ESA ADM: European Space Agency-Advanced Dynamics Mission (Aeolus) [ESA]
GWOS: Global Winds Observing System [NASA/NOAA/DoD]
NexGen: NPOESS [2nd] Generation System [PEO/NPOESS]
HDWL Technology Maturity Roadmap
Past Funding
Laser Risk Reduction Program
IIP-2004 Projects
2-Micron Coherent Doppler Lidar
2 micron
laser 1988
Diode Pump
Technology
1993
High Energy
Technology
1997
Inj. Seeding
Technology
1996
TRL 5
Conductive
Cooling
Techn. 1999
Space
Qualified
Lifetime
Validation
Pre-Launch
Validation
Autonomous
Aircraft Oper
Aircraft
Operation DC-8
Autonomous
Oper.
Technol.
2008 (Direct)
Inj. Seeding
Technology
2022. . .?
2016. . .?
GWOS
WB-57
Diode Pump
Technology
Packaged
Lidar Ground
Demo. 2007
2011 - 2013
Autonomous Oper.
Technol. Coh.
1 micron
laser
Compact
Packaging
2005
TRL 7 to TRL 9
TRL 6 to TRL 7
2008 - 2012
ROSES-2007 Projects
Space
Qualif.
Lifetime
Validation
Conductive
Cooling
Techn.
Operational
NexGen
NPOESS
Pre-Launch
Validation
High Energy
Laser
Technology
0.355-Micron Direct Doppler Lidar
Compact
Laser
Packaging
2007
Compact
Molecular
Doppler Receiver
2007
Concluding Remarks
 Global wind profiles are the most important missing
observations in the current observing system
 A HDWL mission will:
- Fill a critical gap in our capability to measure global wind profiles
- Significantly improve the skill in forecasting high impact weather
systems globally (i.e., hurricanes, mid-latitude storms, etc.),
- Provide major societal benefits, both civilian and military
- Potentially make a transformational impact on global
tropospheric wind analyses, according to the NRC Weather Panel,
and provide major benefits to NASA, NOAA and DoD, and to the Nation
 Field campaigns, such as T-PARC, contribute
significantly to lidar risk reduction and help build
excitement for the wind lidar data and a space mission