Transcript Obesity Type 2 Diabetes and California State University San Marcos

Type 2 Diabetes
and Obesity
California State University San Marcos
Kim Jeffrey
Sallie Rucker
Alyssa Wooten
Type 2 Diabetes Statistics
 90-95% of all
diagnosed cases are
type 2 and most often
associated with old
age, family history of
the disease, level of
physical activity, and
certain ethnicities.
 The 7th leading cause
of death listed on US
death certificates.
 Number of people
diagnosed in 1958: 1.5
million
 Number of people
diagnosed in 2007:
17.9 million
 Total health care
related costs for
treatment is $174
billion annually
Physiology of Type 2
Diabetes
 Type 2 is associated
with insulin resistance
 When there is not
enough insulin or
insulin is not used as it
should be, glucose
cannot get into the
cells, causing the cells
to not function
properly.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=42940
Physiology (continued)
http://diabetes.about.com/od/symptomsdiagnosis/a/obesity.htm?p=1
 Insulin- key
component, necessary
in order for the body to
convert glucose into
energy.
 2 problems: cells
starve for energy;
prolonged high levels
of glucose cause
damage to kidneys,
eyes, heart, nerves.
Medical Breakthroughs
 Researchers at UBC along with
Washington University in St. Louis
discovered protein called
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE)
 CPE is a protein in beta cells of
pancreas
 Key role in producing insulin, not
previously explored as possible
cause of insulin failure
Medical Breakthroughs
(continued)
 Researchers used new
technology called proteomics
 Proteomics shows that fats can
reduce levels of CPE
 Reduction of CPE causes beta
cells to become clogged &
causes non-functioning insulin to
be produced
New Findings
 Johns Hopkins Medicine:
 Fat cells secrete hormone-like
substances in blood stream
 3 substances made by fat cells
 Resistin, leptin, & free fatty acids
 Accumulation of fatty acids in
muscle cells of obese may
prevent glucose from entering
cells - rise in BGL
http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/library/graphics/images/en/19267.jpg
Prevention
 Finnish study- 522 obese
men, 55 y/o, IGT
 Individual weight loss
training, increased physical
activity, food intake
management
 3 yrs, 58% reduction
 Similar study done by
Diabetes Prevention
Program- same results
Pharmacological
Interventions
 3 prevention trials:
metformin (31%),
accarbose (32%),
thiazolidione
troglitazone (T.T)
(56%)
 More research on
T.T- possible true
prevention action
Conclusion
 Best treatment: lifestyle
change
 Balanced diet
 Regular physical activity
 Monitor sugar intake
 If diagnosed, can still
live long life as long as
one maintains a healthy
lifestyle
References
 American Diabetes Association and National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive
and Kidney Diseases. (2002). The prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 25(4), 742-749.
 Diabetes: type 2 diabetes. (2009). Retrieved October 17, 2009, from
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=42940
 Diabetes overview. (2008, November). Retrieved October 14, 2009, from
http://www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/overview/index.htm
 National diabetes education program. (2009). Retrieved October 16, 2009,
from http://www.ndep.nih.gov/diabetes-facts/index.aspx
 New link between obesity and type 2 diabetes: researchers discover new way
fat kill beta-cells. (2008, June 4). Retrieved October 12, 2009, from
http://www.physorg.com/print131814266.html
 Type 2 diabetes. (2000, September). Retrieved October 12, 2009, from
http://www.diabetes.org/type-2-diabetes.jsp
 Why obesity contributes to type 2 diabetes. (2009). Retrieved October 13,
2009, from http://www.johnshopkinshealthalerts.com/report/diabetes