Ancient Greece 2200 B.C.E. – 323 B.C.E.
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Transcript Ancient Greece 2200 B.C.E. – 323 B.C.E.
Ancient Greece
2200 B.C.E. – 323 B.C.E.
Geography
Mountains
Small, scattered
coastal plains
Sea
Islands – Geographic
Isolation
Hot & arid climate
suitable for growing
grapes & olive trees
Early Settlements
7000 B.C.E. – Early
Neolithic
Settlements
3000 B.C.E. –
Bronze is
introduced
– Minoans make the
most rapid
advancements
Minoans
Crete (150 x 35
miles)
2000 B.C.E. –
height of
civilization
Capital - Knossos
1380 B.C.E. –
Conquered by the
Mycenaeans
Minoan Society
Not ethnically or racially Greek
Early sea traders – Crete was not suited
for farming
Social Classes
–
–
–
–
King
Middle Class
Lower Class
Status of Women
Developed written language
– Linear A (Crete)
– Linear B (Greece)
Minoan Religion
Mythical King
Minos –
worshipped as a
god
Sacred Bull
– Revered for
strength and power
– Minotaur
– Bull Leaping
Mycenaeans
Thought to be the
first true Greeks
Powerful citystates
– Strong kings
– Heavily fortified
cities
– Warlike
Wealthy
– Metallurgy
– Trade
Mycenaeans go to War
1200 B.C.E.
– Attack and destroy
the city of Troy
– Trojan War
(Homer’s Iliad and
Odyssey)
Later devastated by
the Peoples of the
Sea (end of 1200s
B.C.E.)
The Greeks
Religion
Anthropomorphism
Creation Myth
Gods
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Zeus
Hera
Poseidon
Hades
Athena
Apollo
Hermes
The Olympians
The Greeks
Government
City-States (polis)
– Athens, Sparta,
Corinth
– Parthenon on the
Acropolis
Republic
– Rule by citizens
– Limited Citizenship
The Greeks
Conflict
Athens
– Originally a
monarchy
– Society based on
wealth (land
ownership)
– Age of Tyrants
Draco
Solon,
Sparta
– Republic with
strong leaders
– Distinct social
classes
– Contributions
Constitution
Assembly
Solon’s Code
Council
of Elders
– Moral Code
The
Spartan Code
The Golden Age of Greece
Quest for knowledge
challenges religion
and science
Socrates
– Socratic method
– Question everything
Plato
– The Republic
– The Allegory of the
Cave
Aristotle
– Lyceum
Political Themes
the influence of Minoan and Mycenaean
and even Persian societies on the later
Greeks
the diversity of ways in which the Greeks
ruled themselves in their city-states (from
kingdoms to limited democracies)
the powerful regional influence the
Greek/Hellenistic empire had on the
Mediterranean basin
Regional influence the
Greek/Hellenistic empire had on
the Mediterranean basin
developed
from its international
maritime trading network
the establishment of colonies for
both trade and the reduction of
population pressure on the Balkan
Peninsula
the conquests of Alexander the Great
Social Structures and long term
influences
the
existence of slaves;
a patriarchal gender structure that
pervaded all aspects of Greek
society;
and discussions about the equality
and rights of citizens in a society
(even though those citizens were
only male).
Cultural Themes
Enduring
legacies:
– philosophical,
– Scientific,
– literary writings
– spread south and eastward with the
subsequent Hellenistic empires and west
and northward with the Roman empire.