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UNIT SIX REVIEW: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRY) Less Developed Regions Industry Development Strategies More Developed Regions Development Indicators ? 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS – 100 Question: People in this region are more likely to live in urban areas than people in other less developed regions. Answer: Latin America Return LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS – 200 Question: Within a few years this region is projected to exceed the United States as the world’s largest economy, although the U.S. economy would still be much larger on a per capita basis. Answer: China Return LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS – 300 Question: The only one of the nine major world regions that enjoys a trade surplus. This region displays a wide gap between it’s most and least developed countries. Answer: Middle East Return LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS – 400 Question: The fundamental problem for many countries in this region is a dramatic imbalance between the number of inhabitants and the capacity of the land to feed the population. It has the least favorable prospect for development and economic conditions have deteriorated in recent years. Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa Return LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS – 500 Question: The world’s leading producer of jute, peanuts, sugarcane, and tea can be found in this region. The region has the world’s second-highest population and second-lowest per capita income. Answer: South Asia Return INDUSTRY – 100 Question: Where did the Industrial Revolution originate? Answer: Great Britain (Northern England) Return INDUSTRY – 200 Question: What is a bulk-gaining industry, and provide an example? Answer: A bulk-gaining industry makes something that gains volume or weight during production. (cola) Return INDUSTRY – 300 Question: What are the three major site factors for location of industry? Answer: Land, labor, and capital Return INDUSTRY – 400 Question: What is a break-of-bulk point, and what are the two most important break-of-bulk points? Answer: A break-of-bulk point is a location where transfer among transportation modes is possible. airports and seaports Return INDUSTRY – 500 Question: What are the two most important reasons for a transnational corporation locating factories in other countries? Answer: To expand their markets, and to reduce their production costs. (labor) Return DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES – 100 Question: Name one of the two major lending organizations for less developed countries. Answer: World Bank International Monetary Fund (IMF) Return DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES – 200 Question: What is the approach where a country spreads investment as equally as possible across all sectors of its economy, and in all regions. Answer: Self-sufficiency Approach Return DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES – 300 Question: Describe the International Trade approach to development. Answer: A country should identify its distinctive or unique economic assets. A country can develop economically by concentrating scarce resources on expansion of its distinctive local industries. Return DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES – 400 Question: What are the two major problems with the Selfsufficiency approach to development? Answer: It protects inefficient industries. It creates a large bureaucracy that encourages abuse and corruption. Return DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES – 500 Question: List two of the three problems with the International Trade approach to development. Answer: Uneven resource distribution Market stagnation Increased dependence on MDCs Return MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS – 100 Question: Was once the world’s major producer, but in the past quarter century Japan, Western Europe, and less developed countries have eroded this region’s dominance. Answer: Anglo-America Return MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS – 200 Question: Because the region’s peripheral areas lag somewhat in development, this region as a whole has a slightly lower development level than Anglo-America. Answer: Western Europe Return MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS – 300 Question: The only region where the HDI has declined significantly since the United Nations created the index in 1990. Answer: Eastern Europe Return MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS – 400 Question: With one of the highest physiological densities, this region’s development is especially remarkable because it has an extremely unfavorable ratio of population to resources. Answer: Japan Return MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS – 500 Question: Increasingly, this region’s economies are tied to Japan and other Asian countries. Though the HDIs of it’s two largest countries are comparable to other MDCs, the region’s remaining people are scattered among sparsely inhabited islands that generally are less developed. Answer: The South Pacific Return DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS – 100 Question: Why are infant mortality rates much higher in LDCs? Answer: malnutrition, lack of medicine, or poor medical practices Return DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS – 200 Question: What is the problem with having a high natural increase rate (NIR)? Answer: Greater natural increase strains a country’s ability to provide services that can make its people healthier and more productive. Return DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS – 300 Question: Compare crude birth rates and crude death rates in MDCs and LDCs. Answer: Crude birth rates are much higher in LDCs but crude death rates are about the same. Return DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS – 400 Question: What does this map tell you about the importance of gender and education for development? Answer: Areas were there is gender balance or more girls in school, tend to be more developed. Return DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS – 500 Question: Based on the GEM of the darkest red countries, what would one expect of their per capita GDP and why? Answer: The per capita GDP should be high because a high GEM indicates more educated and empowered women which usually contributes to a greater level of economic development. Return ? – 100 Question: The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period. (normally one year) Answer: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Return ? – 200 Question: Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. Answer: Human Development Index (HDI) Return ? – 300 Question: What are the three world industrial regions? Answer: North America, Europe, East Asia Return ? – 400 Question: Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services. Answer: Structural Adjustment Programs Return ? – 500 Question: According to the international trade model, each country is in one of five stages of development. Name each of W.W. Rostow’s five stages of development. Answer: 1. The traditional society 2. The preconditions for takeoff 3. The takeoff 4. The drive to maturity 5. The age of mass consumption Return