FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

E.NAGHSHINEH M.D

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EXTERNAL GENTILIA

• The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible • The vulva includes: • Mons pubis • Labia majora • Labia minora • Clitoris • Urethral opening • Vaginal opening • Perineum FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 2

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MONS PUBIS(MONS VENERIS)

• The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone • It protects the pubic symphysis • During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis • Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thickness 4 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

LABIA MAJORA

• Referred to as the outer lips • They have a darker pigmentation • The

Labia Majora

: • Protect the introitus and urethral openings • Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands • Mass of fat, plexus of veins 5 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

LABIA MINORA (Nymphae)

• Referred to as the “inner lips” • Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal • Located inside the labia majora • They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 6

CLITORIS

• Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue • It is made up of a

shaft

and a

glans

• Becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation (2*1) • • key to sexual pleasure for most women

Urethral opening

clitoris is located directly below FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 7

VAGINAL OPENING INTROITUS

• • In virginal women hidden by overlapping labia minora • Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the

hymen Imperforated hymen:

vaginal orifice is occluded completely ,retention of menstrual discharge 8 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PERINEUM

• The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canal • It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts • The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that make it sensitive to touch • An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum used during childbirth for widening the vaginal opening 9 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

INTERNAL GENITALIA

• The internal genitalia consists of the: • Vagina • Cervix • Uterus • Fallopian Tubes • Ovaries FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 10

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VAGINA

• The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals • It is located between the bladder and rectum • It functions : • As a passageway for the menstrual flow • For uterine secretions to pass down through the introitus • As the birth canal during labor • With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes lubricated during sexual intercourse FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 13

CERVIX

• The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina • The cervical opening to the vagina is small • This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies entering the uterus • During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the passage of the fetus • This dilation is a sign that labor has begun 14 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

UTERUS

• A pear shaped organ • Located between bladder and rectum • Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8),Multiparous(9 to 10) • It is made up of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium • The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to accommodate a growing fetus and push it through the birth canal FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 15

FALLOPIAN TUBES

• Length:8 to 14 cm • Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus • Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm • Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum • Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 16

OVARIES

• Almond-shaped organs, development and extrusion of ova, synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones • A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles • During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization • The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen • These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 17

ARTERIES

• Uterine and ovarian art • Uterine art: Internal iliac (Hypogastric) art • Ovarian art: direct branch of Aorta FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 18

VEINS

• Uterine veins ; Internal iliac vein ; Common iliac vein • Right ovarian vein ;IVC • Left ovarian vein ;Left renal vein 19 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PELVIC

• Pelvic composed of four bone: sacrum , coccyx and two innominate bones • Innominate bones: ilium, ischium, pubis • False pelvis ;above the linea terminalis • True pelvis ; below the linea terminalis FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 20

Pelvic Girdle (Hip)

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Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure

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PLANS AND DIAMETERS OF THE PELVIS

• 1.Pelvic inlet • 2.Pelvic outlet • 3.Midpelvis

• 4.Greatest pelvic dimensions FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 23

PELVIC DIAMETERS

• Obstetrical conjugate; shortest distance between promontory of sacrum and the symphysis pubis;10 cm or more • True conjugate • Diagonal conjugate FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 24

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CALDWELL-MOLOY CLASSIFICATION

• Gynecoid pelvis • Android pelvis • Anthropoid pelvis • Platypelloid pelvis FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 26

GYNEOID PELVIS(50%)

 It is the normal female type. 1. Inlet is slightly transverse oval. 2. Sacrum is wide with average concavity and inclination. 3. Side walls are straight with blunt ischial spines. 4. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. 5. Subpubic angle is 90-100o.

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Anthropoid pelvis (25%):

1. It is ape-like type. 2. All anteroposterior diameters are long. 3. All transverse diameters are short. 4. Sacrum is long and narrow. 5. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. 6. Subpubic angle is narrow.

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Android pelvis (20%):

1. It is a male type. 2. Inlet is triangular or heart-shaped with anterior narrow apex. 3. Side walls are converging (funnel pelvis) with projecting ischial spines. 4. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow. 5. Subpubic angle is narrow <90o.

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Platypelloid pelvis (5%):

 1. It is a flat female type. 2. All anteroposterior diameters are short. 3. All transverse diameters are long. 4. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow. 5. Subpubic angle is wide.

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THE END THANK YOU

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