Transcript Rebuilding the Nation 16.1

Rebuilding the Nation
16.1
Monday, November 17, 2014
Think Back:
The Civil War divided a nation.
Now, the country has become
one again. What were the
postwar challenges that faced the
nation after the Civil War?
Answer
-physical destruction
-wounded/killed soldiers
-financial ruin
-freedmen
Lincoln aged
substantially during his
time as president!
One of the last
photographs of
Lincoln, likely taken
between February and
April 1865
Lincoln’s
Plan:10% Plan
“Charity for All”
– 1863
"With malice toward
none, with charity for all"
Lincoln
Lincoln’s Plan
□ Amnesty – forgiveness
to the Southern people
□ 10% Pledge – pledge
loyalty to the U.S. – form
new govt. (except CSA
leaders)
□ Whites must agree
blacks are free in the
south
However, Lincoln
would not force
Southerners to give
white and black
Americans the
same rights.
RADICAL
REPUBLICAN’S
PLAN: The
Wade-Davis Bill
Many Republicans in
Congress believed that
Lincoln’s plan was too “soft”.
They created their own plan
led by Thaddeus Stevens.
RADICAL
REPUBLICAN’S PLAN
WADE – DAVIS BILL
(Much tougher than Lincoln’s plan)
-50% pledge loyalty to the Union
-Only non-veterans could vote at
state constitutional conventions
(rebel govt. was also denied)
- New state constitutions had to
abolish slavery
Additional Changes…
• The Freedmen’s Bureau was created to help
newly freed African Americans make the
transition to freedom.
– Part of the U.S. army
– Distributed food, clothing and provided
medical services to African Americans
– Improved educational opportunities
– Helped African Americans buy land
Freedmen’s Bureau- Helped African American’s
transition to freedom.
Five Days after the surrender at Appomattox, Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. (April 14, 1865)
Lincoln’s
Assassination
April 14, 1865
Ford’s Theatre shortly after the assassination of Lincoln.
Lincoln attended
the play “Our
American Cousin”
Lincoln’s Assassination
John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln while he watched the play (in the balcony)
Booth yelled “Sic Simper Tyrannous” or “The South is avenged”
depending on who was asked.
Lincoln was carried across the street to William Petersen’s boarding house.
Several doctors who had been in the audience rushed to the president's side.
The bullet had entered behind his left ear and was lodged behind his right eye.
The situation appeared grim. Lincoln died at 7:22 am on April 15, 1865.
Lincoln’s
Assassination
The attack on the president wasn’t the only attack that night. Booth’s plan
also included attacks by two other accomplices. George Atzerodt to kill VP
Johnson and Lewis Paine to kill Sec. of State Seward.
Lincoln’s
Assassination
John Wilkes Booth,
an actor and Southern
sympathizer was the
mastermind behind the
assassination plan.
Lincoln’s
Assassination
Four people were
executed and
four imprisoned
for life for
connection
to assassination.
Two weeks after the assassination,
Booth was chased to a farmhouse
where he was shot by federal police on
April 26, 1865. His final words were
“Useless, Useless.”
Lincoln’s
Assassination
First President
Assassinated
Four presidents have been
killed in office:
Abraham Lincoln
James A. Garfield
William McKinley
John F. Kennedy
Lincoln’s
Assassination
Meanwhile…
Lincoln’s body was put on
display at 12 different
funerals from D.C. to
Springfield. Thousands paid
their respects to the fallen
leader.
The New York Procession took four hours. People scalped tickets for
four dollars and up. A young Teddy Roosevelt would watch from window
along the route.
The impact the assassination had on our nation was:
-It left us without a leader to direct the plans for the Reconstruction
- It opened a bigger wound in the healing process between the North and
the South
• Homework: Complete page 557 1-5
• Do Now:
–Describe Lincoln’s assassination.
–Page 552 key terms
Answer
Lincoln was shot on April 14, 1865
at Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes
Booth. He was then carried
across the street to William
Petersen’s boarding house. He
died at 7:22 am on April 15, 1865.
Thursday, November 20, 2014
• No Homework
• Do Now: Take out your “Analyze Life”
assignments. Partner with someone with
the same role as you and share. Did you
focus on the same things? Or different
perspectives?
A New President
• V.P. Andrew Johnson
became president (after
Lincoln’s assasination)
• Johnson was the only
southern senator that
remained loyal to the
Union during the Civil
War
- Andrew
Johnson’s Plan
- Restoration – 1865 -Most gain amnesty
through loyalty oath
-Officials and wealthy
landowners needed a
presidential pardon.
This was Johnson’s way
of attacking those he
believed tricked the
South into the war.
- Andrew
Johnson’s Plan
-Appointed governors to
southern states to hold
elections for state
constitutional conventions.
(Only loyal could vote)
-He did NOT want to grant
freed African Americans
equal rights (state choice.)
-Finally to reenter, denounce
secession, abolish slavery
and ratify the 13th
Amendment.
Lincoln’s
Plan –
"With malice
toward
none, with
“charity for
all" Lincoln
Radical Republicans
(Wade-Davis Bill)
demanded a more
aggressive prosecution
of the war, the faster end
to slavery and defeat of
the Confederacy.
At first, Andrew Johnson talked
harshly, but then he struck another
note: "I say, as to the leaders,
punishment. I also say leniency,
reconciliation and amnesty to the
thousands whom they have misled and
deceived."
Friday, November 21, 2014
• No Homework
• Do Now: take out notes from yesterday, be
ready to continue
Black Codes – Rules set up by former slave states to
regulate the freedoms of former slaves creating a form of
quasi-slavery to evade the results of the war. This allowed
whites to exploit newly freed African Americans.
African Americans in Government
• During Reconstruction Republicans dominated the
South. (A-A, White Northerners who had relocated and white
Southerners who favored Rep. policies)
• 16 A-A’s served in the House and 2 as Senators (18691880)
• Hiram Revels-Civil War activist for the Union, served
for the state of Miss. in the U.S. Senate
• Blanche K. Bruce-runaway slave who had est. a school
for African Americans, also served in the Senate for
Miss.
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
• Scalawags-a term used by
Confederates to describe
Southern whites who
supported Republican policies.
• Carpetbaggers-Northerners
who moved South during
Reconstruction. (They arrived
with all of their belongings in a
bag made of carpet.) Some just
wanted to move South, others
wanted to help reform the
South.
The Ku Klux Klan – used
violence to scare African
Americans from voting and
stop them from exercising
their rights as American
citizens.
Major Changes under The Radical Republicans
-Extended the Freedmen's Bureau (Passed over Johnson's
veto) This organization was extended and given more power
to protect African Americans. It provided food, clothing,
shelter, and education to freedmen.
-Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Passed over Johnson's veto)
Designed to grant freedmen full legal equality, undercutting
the Black Codes
- Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Passed over Johnson's veto)
Divided the South into 5 districts and placed them under
military rule (disbanded governments readmitted under
Lincoln/Johnson plans) Required southern states to ratify the
14th Amendment and submit new state Constitutions to
Congress.
President Johnson and
Congress did not get along.
Examples:
Freedman’s Bureau:
Congress YES!
Johnson NO!
Civil Rights Bill: (defines citizenship)
Congress YES!
Johnson NO!
14th Amendment:
Congress YES!
Johnson NO!
The Radical Republicans became frustrated with Johnson and his abuse
of power. They created the Tenure of Office Act, which prevented
Johnson from removing government officials without the Senate’s
approval, including his own cabinet members. Johnson removed
Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and was soon after impeached (for
misconduct.) He was not, however, removed from the presidency.
What does impeach mean?
Monday, November 24, 2014
• Homework: page 558 key terms and
people
• Do Now: open to your notes from Friday
Election of 1868
• By the election most
southern states had rejoined
the Union.
• The Republicans chose
General Ulysses S. Grant,
the Civil War hero as their
presidential candidate.
• Grant won the election and
received most of the
500,000 African American
votes in the South.
Changes to the Constitution
(During the Civil War and Reconstruction)
The 13th, 14th and
15th Amendments
were all added to
the United States
Constitution
during this period.
13th Amendment – Abolition of Slavery
After gaining freedom,
many African
Americans were unsure
of where to go or what
to do. Although many
blacks had taken
possession of the
abandoned lands,
including land that had
been given to them.
Blacks, consequently,
were forced to give
back the land or
remain on the land
after signing a labor
contract that imposed
conditions much like
slavery.
14th Amendment – Granted all persons born in the U.S. citizenship.
The amendment
provides a broad
definition of
citizenship, overruling
Dred Scott v. Sandford
(1857) which had
excluded slaves and
their descendants
from possessing
Constitutional rights.
15th Amendment – Allowed African American males to vote
15th Amendment – Allowed African American males to vote.
Pictures: The original copy of the amendment and a
drawing depicted of the first African American votes
Wrap up
Explain the 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments.
Answers
13th-Slavery is outlawed in the U.S
14th-All people born in the U.S. are citizens. All
citizens are guaranteed equal protection under
the law.
15th-The right to vote cannot be denied because
of race.
The End of
Reconstruction
16.3
Tuesday, November 25, 2015
• Homework: Plessy vs. Ferguson
Summaries (packet)
• Do Now: Compare page 557 with a
partner
Reconstruction’s Conclusion
This is an 1868
presidential campaign
poster for Grant. It was
created by superimposing
a portrait of Grant onto
the platform of the
Republican Party.
• Northerners started to become
frustrated with
Reconstruction…it was time
for the South to solve their
own problems.
• For a short time, corruption
rang in President Grant’s
administration…he won
reelection anyway. (Against
newspaper editor, Horace
Greeley a Liberal Republican.)
Amnesty Act
• This act resorted full rights to those members of
the Confederacy who hadn’t yet gained them
back.
• Because of this act …Democrats soon started to
regain control of state governments.
• By 1876 the Republicans only controlled 3
states…and the Democrats threatened many
African Americans so they didn’t vote.
Election of 1876
• Rutherford B. Hayes-of
Ohio (Rep.) vs. Samuel
Tilden (Dem.)
• Because the results were
so close a special
commission (15
members) had to be
created to determine the
winner. In the end Hayes
was declared the winner.
Hayes
African Americans Lose Rights
Voting Restrictions
• As the 1800’s came to a close, racism became
firmly entrenched into American society.
• Although the 15th amendment granted African
American males the right to vote many Southern
states found ways around it.
• Poll tax• Literacy test• Grandfather clause-
Jim Crow Laws
• Using the old Black Codes Southern states
worked hard to segregate, or separate the races.
• Jim Crow Laws allowed separate facilities for
whites and blacks. The facilities were supposed
to be separate and equal, but they were far from
EQUAL.
• White facilities were far superior to African
American facilities.
Jim Crow-Way of Life
Jim Crow Laws were
named after the minstrel
show character.
This character was
considered an offensive
and rude representation
of African Americans.
JIM CROW LAWS ….set up rules of separate but equal all
over America including this shop in Lancaster, Ohio in 1938.
Plessy v. Ferguson
• 1896 Supreme Court case. Homer Plessy sued
when he was kicked off of a white train. He was
of mixed background. The Supreme Court
allowed Jim Crow Laws by ruling against Plessy.
• This case was upheld until 1954 Brown v. Board
of Education.
• This meant it was fine by the Constitution to
separate white and blacks in society. (Until 1954)
Industrial Growth
• Some Southerners decide that if
the South was ever going to be
able to stand on its own two feet
it would have to industrialize.
(Focus on natural resources)
• Important products weretextiles, lumber, tobacco, iron
and steel
• The South had an abundant
workforce and newly improved
railroad system.
Reconstruction’s Impact
• Reconstruction was a success and a failure.
• It helped the South rebuild after the war but the
economy of the South remained rural and poor
for many years to come.
• Initially, African Americans gained many new
rights (specifically in government), but with the
implementation of Jim Crow Laws things soon
returned to a slavery-like atmosphere.
Warm Up
What were the Jim Crow Laws and what did
they do?
Answer
Using the old Black Codes southern states
worked hard to segregate, or separate the
races.
Jim Crow Laws prevented the mixing of
races in almost every aspect of life (Exhospitals, cemeteries, drinking foutains,
back seats or separate cars on railroads
and streetcars.)
Warm Up
What was the impact of the Reconstruction?
Answer
• Reconstruction was a success and a failure.
• It helped the South rebuild after the war but the
economy of the South remained rural and poor
for many years to come.
• Initially, African Americans gained many new
rights (specifically in government), but with the
implementation of Jim Crow Laws things soon
returned to a slavery-like atmosphere.
Ch 16 NPQ