Transcript Articles of Confederation and Constitutional Convention Mac 2005

Articles of Confederation and
Constitutional Convention
Mac 2005
1.Jay-Gardoqui Treaty, 1786
2.Land Ordinance of 1785
3.Northwest Ordinance, 1787
4.Daniel Shays, 1787
5.Annapolis Convention
6.The Constitution of the United States
7.Article I
8.Article II
9.Article III
10.Bill of Rights
11.Ratification
a.Great Compromise
b.Three-fifths Compromise
c.Federalism
d.Separation of powers
e.Checks and balances
f.Popular Sovereignty
g.Civilian Control of Military
h.Preamble
i.Impeachment
j.Elastic clause
k.Writ of habeas corpus
l.Ex post facto law
m.Electoral college
n.Judicial review
1.Alexander Hamilton
2.Federalist Papers
3.Federalists
4.First Congress- What did they do?
5.Republicans
6.Funding
7.Assumption
8.Bank of the United States
9.Whiskey Tax, 1791
10."Report on Manufacturers"
11.James Madison
12.Neutrality Proclamation, 1793
13.Citizen Genet
14.Jay Treaty, 1794
15.Pinckney Treaty, 1795
16.John Adams
17.Farewell Address, 1796
18.XYZ Affair, 1797
19.Barbary Pirates
20.Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
21.Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions,
1798
What is the single most significant
factor of a Confederation?
• Weak Central Government
• A loose alignment of independent states
• See George Washington reading168-69
• Cite three examples of Washington’s
criticisms.
Articles of Confederation
• Congress (the central government) was
made up of delegates chosen by the states
and could conduct foreign affairs, make
treaties, declare war, maintain an army and
a navy, coin money, and establish post
offices.
• Measures passed by Congress had to be
approved by 9 of the 13 states.
Northwest Ordinance
•The Confederation Congress did
provide for settlement of the Ohio
Territory.
•Entering the union
•Eastern states had to relinquish
claims to western lands (example
Maryland)
•See map
Northwest Territory
• The ordinance
organized the territory
into a grid pattern for
townships.
Confederation Problems
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Congress was severely limited in its powers.
It could not raise money by collecting taxes;
it had no control over foreign commerce;
it could pass laws but could not force the states to
comply with them.
• Thus, the government was dependent on the
willingness of the various states to carry out its
measures, and often the states refused to
cooperate.
• The articles were virtually impossible to amend,
so problems could not be corrected.
Call For Change
• As the need for a stronger federal
government began to be realized,
leaders from throughout the states got
together to decide how to create it.
• One example of the need for a stronger
central government was Shay’s
Rebellion
Shay’s Rebellion
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Massachusetts 1786-87
Tax protest turns violent
Poor farmers couldn’t pay taxes
Asked for redress
Took up arms and were suppressed
Caused-showed problems with the MOB
Leaders were afraid of Anarchy and more support
for revising of Articles of Confederation
Philadelphia Convention
• Many delegates/leaders gather to revise the
Articles of Confederation
• Washington, Franklin, Hamilton,
Madison…
• Decide to make the discussions secret
• Immediately decide to start over the process
of organizing a national or central
government
Virginia and New Jersey Plans
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
•Strong National Government
•Separation of Powers
•Bicameral legislature
•Checks on power
•Representation according to
population= Large State Plan
•Strong National Government
•Separation of Powers
•Unicameral Legislature
•Small State Plan=
Representation equal for all
states
•Power to tax, duties on imports
•Supremacy of National Law
•Use force against states
Great Compromise
•House of Representatives:
•Representation determined by
population-more people more reps
•Large states get more reps/power
•SenateEach state gets 2 Senators
Benefits small states
Great Compromise and Slavery
• Very Divisive issue
• Southern State threaten ratification if
Slavery is touched.
• 20 year moratorium on addressing
Slavery Trade See article I Section 9
• 3/5ths Compromise- Slave populations will
count for representation-5 slaves=3 people
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
•Washington, Franklin,
Hamilton, Madison, Jay
•Argued for strong Federal
Government
•Printers/traders merchants
supported
•Patrick Henry, George
Mason, Lee, Sam Adams
•Did not want strong
Federal Government
•Did not support the
Constitution
•Wanted to protect
individual rights
•Bill of Rights
•Wanted to protect State’s
Rights
The Constitution is Ratified
• December 7, 1787 Delaware is the first state to ratify the
Constitution
• Pennsylvania December 12
• New Jersey Dec. 18
• Georgia January 2, 1788
• Connecticut Jan. 9
• Massachusetts Feb. 7
• Maryland April 28
• South Carolina May 23
• New Hampshire, June 21 (9th state to ratify Constitution
goes into effect)