Transcript Articles of Confederation and Constitutional Convention Mac 2008-09

Articles of Confederation and
Constitutional Convention
Mac 2008-09
1.Jay-Gardoqui Treaty, 1786
2.Land Ordinance of 1785
3.Northwest Ordinance, 1787
4.Daniel Shays, 1787
5.Annapolis Convention
6.The Constitution of the United States
7.Article I
8.Article II
9.Article III
10.Bill of Rights
11.Ratification
a.Great Compromise
b.Three-fifths Compromise
c.Federalism
d.Separation of powers
e.Checks and balances
f.Popular Sovereignty
g.Civilian Control of Military
h.Preamble
i.Impeachment
j.Elastic clause
k.Writ of habeas corpus
l.Ex post facto law
m.Electoral college
n.Judicial review
1.Alexander Hamilton
2.Federalist Papers
3.Federalists
4.First Congress- What did they do?
5.Republicans
6.Funding
7.Assumption
8.Bank of the United States
9.Whiskey Tax, 1791
10."Report on Manufacturers"
11.James Madison
12.Neutrality Proclamation, 1793
13.Citizen Genet
14.Jay Treaty, 1794
15.Pinckney Treaty, 1795
16.John Adams
17.Farewell Address, 1796
18.XYZ Affair, 1797
19.Barbary Pirates
20.Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
21.Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions,
1798
Quiz
• List things students should know about the
Following:
• Northwest Ordinance
• Great Compromise
• Issue of Slavery in the Constitution• One part of the Constitution that directly
addresses the Anti-federalist position
History of the Articles
• 2nd Continental
Congress
• After Declaration of
Independence
• Colonies began to
operate independently
– Now called States
– Wrote Constitutions
– Embraced Republican
forms of Government
• Created National
government for all the
states
• Weak
• Decentralized system
• Limited Powers
What is the single most significant
factor of a Confederation?
• Weak Central Government
• A loose alignment of independent states
• Voluntary!!!
• See George Washington reading168-69
• Cite three examples of Washington’s
criticisms.
Articles of Confederation 1781-1789
• Confederation
Congress (only
institution of National
authority)
• Powers under
Confederation
– Conduct War
– Foreign relations=
treaties
– Appropriate, borrow,
issue money
–
–
–
–
Did not have power:
Regulate trade
Draft troops
Levy taxes directly on
people
• Had to ask states for taxes
and troops
– No separate executives
– Measures passed by
Congress had to be
approved by 9 of the 13
states.
• Very Difficult to change or
amend the Articles= 13
states had to agree
Northwest Ordinances
• 1790 – 120,000 in
Ohio
• Eastern states had to
relinquish claims to western
lands
• 1785 Ordinance – created
system for surveying and
selling western lands
• Grid Pattern rectangular
townships
• 36 –sections, includes
public school requirement
•1787 Ordinance
•Northwest Territory
•3-5 states
•60K entering the union
•Freedom of Religion
•Rights to Trial by Jury
•Prohibited Slavery
Outlaws slavery North
of the Ohio River
Northwest
Territory
• The ordinance
organized the territory
into a grid pattern for
townships.
Confederation Problems
•
•
•
•
Congress was severely limited in its powers.
It could not raise money by collecting taxes;
it had no control over foreign commerce;
it could pass laws but could not force the states to
comply with them.
• Thus, the government was dependent on the
willingness of the various states to carry out its
measures, and often the states refused to
cooperate.
• The articles were virtually impossible to amend,
so problems could not be corrected.
Many Segments of Society disliked
conditions under the Confederation
• Manufacturers- each state had tariffs and
wanted National tariff
• Merchants- wanted National business
regulation vs states
• Needed strong national banking system
instead of each state currency
• Land speculators- wanted Indians out
• Large property owners wanted protection
for property
Shay’s Rebellion
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Massachusetts 1786-87
Tax protest turns violent
Poor farmers couldn’t pay taxes
Asked for redress
Took up arms and were suppressed
showed problems with the Mob
Leaders were afraid of Anarchy and more support
for revising of Articles of Confederation
Annapolis Convention
• Precursor to the Philadelphia Convention
• Madison calls this
• 5 States
• Few delegates attend
Philadelphia Convention
• Many delegates/leaders gather to revise the
Articles of Confederation
• Washington, Franklin, Hamilton,
Madison…
• Decide to make the discussions secret
• Immediately decide to start over the process
of organizing a national or central
government
Virginia and New Jersey Plans
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Madison
•Strong National Government
•Separation of Powers
•Bicameral legislature
•Checks on power
•Representation according to
population= Large State Plan
•Strong National Government
•Separation of Powers
•Unicameral Legislature
•Small State Plan=
Representation equal for all
states
•Power to tax, duties on imports
•Regulate of commerce
•Supremacy of National Law
•Use force against states
Questions to be Answered
• What about Slaves and taxes/representation
• and the institution of Slavery?
Great Compromise
•House of Representatives:
•Representation determined by
population-more people more reps
•Large states get more reps/power
•SenateEach state gets 2 Senators
Benefits small states
Great Compromise and Slavery
• Very Divisive issue
• Southern States threaten ratification if
Slavery is touched.
• 20 year moratorium on addressing
Slavery Trade See article I Section 9
• 3/5ths Compromise- Slave populations will
count for representation-5 slaves=3 people
(I 2.3)
Constitution
• does NOT
• Address citizenship
• Address political
parties
•
•
•
•
Does
Regulate Commerce
Control Currency
Pass all laws Necessary
and Proper (Elastic
Clause)
• Have power to coerce
states
• Separation of Powers
– Executive
– Judicial
– Legislative
• Checks and Balances
See Constitution PPT.
• “Thus I consent Sir, to this Constitution, because I
expect no better, and because I am not sure it is
not the best.” B Franklin
Not everyone agreed to the
Constitution
Ratification
State conventions were then called
and the DEBATE began.
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Federalists
•Washington, Franklin,
Hamilton, Madison, Jay
•Argued for strong Federal
Government
•Printers/traders merchants
supported
•Madison didn’t believe
listing rights was necessary
•Said listing those rights
will in effect limit rights
•Madison, Jay and
Hamilton pseudonym =
Publius
•Wrote the Federalist
Papers
•Feds were afraid of
disorder
•Gov needs to check the
power of the masses
Anti-Federalist
• Patrick Henry, George
Mason, Lee, Sam Adams
• Were against the
Constitution
• Did not want strong
Federal Government
• Feared possibility of
dictatorship
• Wanted to protect
individual rights
• Wanted to protect State’s
Rights
• Problems with
Constitution:
• Want Bill of Rights
• “No Government can be
trusted to protect liberties
of its citizens.”
• “The only way to protect
liberties is to enumerate
the natural rights of the
people”
• Insisted on a Bill of Rights
Mercy Otis Warren
• Woman
• Anti-Federalist
• Playwright
Ratification Battle
• Every state held special ratifying
conventions
• Virginia and NY were close
• NY, VA, and MA ratified based on the
approval of a Bill of Rights
The Constitution is Ratified
• December 7, 1787 Delaware is the first state to ratify the
Constitution
• Pennsylvania December 12
• New Jersey Dec. 18
• Georgia January 2, 1788
• Connecticut Jan. 9
• Massachusetts Feb. 7
• Maryland April 28
• South Carolina May 23
• New Hampshire, June 21 (9th state to ratify Constitution
goes into effect)