Transcript NOT FOR ATTRIBUTION; FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY

NOT FOR
ATTRIBUTION;
FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES ONLY
1
Case Studies on Good
Environmental Management:
A Contribution to WB CEA
by Elmer Mercado,EnP
18-19 November 2008
Case Study Sites and Themes
• Vigan City, Ilocos Sur – Air Quality
Management (motorcycle engine conversion)
• Infanta, Quezon Province – Community
Disaster Management, Rehabilitation and
Recovery
• Ubay, Bohol – Coastal Resource
Management and Enforcement
• Bayawan City, Negros Oriental –
Sustainable Forest Management
• Nabunturan, Compostela Valley – Upland
Rehabilitation and Management
3
Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for
Cultural Historical Preservation (1)
Overview
• UNESCO World Heritage
Site
• city vision to sustain cultural
and historical legacy
(physical, social, economic,
cultural, and environmental)
• 3,000 tricycles-for-hire
• air and noise pollution from
2-stroke engine and other
vehicles
• core heritage zone and
traditional industry areas –
‘burnayan’ and ‘agricultural
areas’
4
Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for
Cultural Historical Preservation (2)
Local Initiatives
• strong local ordinance – anti-muffler (2003)
and phased implementation of engine
conversion (2006)
5
Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for
Cultural Historical Preservation (3)
Complementary Initiatives:
• urban regreening and establishment
passive air quality filters/zones
• pedestrianisation of “core heritage zone”
and restrictions to vehicular movements in
cultural zone during weekends
• strong enforcement of environmental
ordinances, hiring of environmental guards
and deputation of senior citizens, youth
and city hall employees as “environmental
guardians and/or officers’’
6
Vigan City – Air Quality Mangement for
Cultural Historical Preservation (4)
Results:
• “significant reduction” in air pollution in
poblacion area
• 2/3 compliance within 18 months of
implementation; full compliance Dec 2009
• regional and national recognition/ awards
7
Infanta, Quezon – Community-based
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (1)
Overview
• Infanta ‘wiped out’ and inundated from 4 typhoons
in 2 week period in Nov-Dec 2004
• Typhoon ‘Winnie’ poured 342mm of rainwater in
24hrs - most in 50yrs
8
Infanta, Quezon – Community-based
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (2)
Effects:
• 176 casualties with (12 were recovered dead
bodies, 53 missing persons) 12,000
households/families were left isolated
• 16/36 barangays were severely damaged.
• Almost 40% out of the 5,087 houses damage were
totally damaged
• Estimated PhP 103.3 million or US$ 2.29 million
(at US$1=PhP45) worth of crops, livestock,
fisheries/aquaculture products;
• PhP 300 million or US$6.67 million of public
infrastructures and utilities/facilities were
destroyed
9
Infanta, Quezon – Community-based
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (3)
Local initiatives
• “Predict, Plan, Prepare
and Practice “ – 4 P’s,
YoYo
• Mobilising the citizenry
because disaster
management is
“everybody’s concern” MDCCs, SCARRFC,
SCPADS, etc
• YoYo (“you are on your
own”) – 24hr
emergency response
programme
10
Infanta, Quezon – Community-based
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (4)
Results and Benefits
•  Increases in local revenue collections PhP 7.939 million or
US$ 176,422 (2004) to PhP 9.543 million or US$ 212,066
(2006).
•  local tax collection (2006)= 41.19% (2005); > (2004)
•  non-tax collection (2006)= 56% collection (2005); 30%
(2004)
• These tax-based revenue collections were generated mostly
from real property taxes, business and sales taxes, and
other local taxes while non-tax revenue includes local
business and service fees, permits and licenses.
•
IRA dependence
11
Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and
Fishery Resource Management (1)
Overview
• overfishing in coastal waters; located in most
concentrated fishing area (northern Bohol) in Bohol
• part of Danajon double barrier reef;
• almost half of barangays/population in coastal areas;
70% of population fishing as livelihood;
• illegal and destructive methods, low fish catch, high
poverty incidence
12
Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and
Fishery Resource Management (2)
Local Initiatives
• Recruitment of capable personnel, regular budgetary support
and establishment of a strong implementing structure
• creation of coastal resource management office, coastal protection
and enforcement unit (CPEU)
• Establishing close coordination from within and with other
LGUs and agencies.
• inter-LGU coordination, formation of provincial CLEC
• Participatory fishery governance at the municipal and barangay
Level
• barangay/municipal FARMCs
• Local legislative policy framework and strong enforcement
• no take areas, Municipal ICRM Plan; deputation of bantay dagat
and fish wardens in all 19 coastal barangays
13
Ubay, Bohol – Sustainable Coastal and
Fishery Resource Management (3)
Results:
• PhP 2 million (inputs) = Php 10million (fisheries
income); PhP 50-90million in over-all economic
value
•
in monitored fish catch by manual gears and
illegal and active gears

•  in fish biomass (6-8%) of pelagic fishes in 3 MPAs
•  in arrests of illegal fishers and  in collection
of fines and fees (2007) by 180%.
14
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental:
Sustainable Forest Management (1)
Overview
• perennial flashfloods and inundation of vast
agricultural lands – 67% of total land area of
70,000 hectares (largest in whole of Region 7);
• 20,245 hectares forestlands, 70% “open
access”
• low revenue collection rate for agriculture;
merely half of PhP 15 million in RPT collected
15
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental:
Sustainable Forest Management (2)
Initiatives
• Forest Land Use Plan; co-management arrangement
with DENR
• Establishment of regular FMU; FLUP implementation
committee headed by Vice Mayor
• 100% budget allocation for FLUP implementation
• LGU issuance of tenurial instruments for forestland
occupants, i.e. agroforestry management agreement
• Link of FLUP with other LGU plans, i.e. CLUP, SWP,
CRMP, Climate change mitigation plan
16
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental:
Sustainable Forest Management (3)
Results
• No immediate economic results yet (long-gestating)
only 3-years implementation
• Reduction in occurrence of flooding; shorter period of
flood water recedence
• 500 HH actual beneficiaries; 2k families by end of
FLUP in 2010
• 134 km riverbank protection, 220 km forestline
delineated, 14 km forest firelines
established/maintained
17
Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land
Rehabilitation and Development (1)
Overview
• land degradation of upland areas (18/28 barangays);
poor productivity and high poverty incidence among
rural upland dwellers (PhP 13.8/annum), including
IPs;
• 70% of total land area is agricultural; 20% are
uplands (30% slope+); 80% of population dependent
on agriculture;
• continuing insurgency
• lack of tenure security; high incidence of flooding and
landslides due to deforestaton, siltation and effects of
mining operations
18
Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land
Rehabilitation and Development (2)
Initiatives
• land use based BDP;
community-based support
structures; barangay forest
protection and livelihood
enterprises
• inter-agency and intra-LGU
convergence team
• budget support from municipal
and provincial LGUs
• strong local and community
policy framework
• deputation of barangay
environment and natural
resources officers (BENROs)
19
Nabunturan, Compostela Valley: Land
Rehabilitation and Development (3)
Results
• 60-80% increase in yields for all crops planted in SUD
barangays; 30% reduction in farm production costs
• increase revenue collections (in real property taxes) in
SUD barangays; 100% by 2007
• 453 HH beneficiaries in 6 SUD barangays
• triggered more external investments from other
agencies
• dynamic local governance system
20
Success Factors
• Strong political and developmentoriented leadership
• Community participation and
partnership
• Building strong implementation structure
and networks of organisations
• Need for sound science and research
for good environmental management
practice
21
Lessons Learned
• Environmental management is a longterm investment for future economic
growth and productivity
• Environmental management has to be
linked to other local development plans
and goals
• Environmental management is a vehicle
for good local governance
22
Mabuhay!
23