Transcript Chapter 5: Toward Revolution: What eventually led to the Declaration of

Chapter 5: Toward Revolution:
What eventually led to the Declaration of
Independence and the beginning of the
Revolutionary War?
1763-1775
AFTER the French and Indian War
(Seven Years’ War in Europe)
French and Indian War
• Britain helped colonists
defeat French in war
• Britain needed money to
pay for war expenses
• Taxed colonists, restricted
settlements and limited
self-govt.
Revenue Act (Sugar Act) 1764
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Revenue Act of 1764
(Sugar Act)
April 5, 1764
Revised duties on
sugar, tea, coffee,
wine; expanded
jurisdiction of some
courts.
• Protests about taxation
Stamp Act of 1765
• Stamp Act
• March 22, 1765 thru
March 18, 1766
• Documents must contain a
revenue stamp to be legal.
• All deeds, wills, marriage
licenses, even newspapers
affected.
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Quartering Act of 1765
• Quartering Act
• March 24, 1765
• British troops must be
given housing on demand
from colonists.
• New York Assembly is
punished for not
complying. The king
could not house troops in
subjects homes in
England, but permitted to
do so in the colonies.
Declaratory Act of 1766
• Declaratory Act
• March 18, 1766
• Parliament declares
sovereignty over colonies
in all cases.
• Enacted on the same day
that Parliament repealed
the Stamp Act, this was
merely positioning so that
England would not lose
face for giving in to the
colonies.
Townshend Acts
• Townshend Acts
• June 26, 29, July 2, 1767;
repealed April 12, 1770
(some texts list a March
date. This is wrong)
except for tax on tea.
• Includes duties on new
items including tea, glass
and other goods available
in the Western
Hemisphere
Parliamentary Acts….
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Various protests:
•Patrick Henry’s
speech
•Sons and Daughters
of Liberty
•Benjamin
Franklin’s visit to
Parliament
•Boston Massacre
Samuel Adams
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The Boston Massacre
Tea Act of 1773
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May 10, 1773
The British East India Tea
Company (near bankruptcy)
granted sole right to sell tea
directly to Americans; some duties
on tea reduced
Tea was a popular drink throughout
the colonies. Since 1770, tensions
reduced between the countries, but
the Tea Act indicated resumption of
tensions.
Committees of Correspondence
denounced the plan
Endangered colonial representative
government
Dec. 16, 1773, Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
• Lower price on British
tea
• Colonists still pay
taxes
• Boycotted British tea
• Sons of Liberty
dressed in disguise and
dumped British tea
overboard
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Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)
1774
• March-June, 1774
1. Boston Port Bill
2. Massachusetts
Government Act
(May 20)
3. Quebec Act (May 20)
4. Quartering Act
(updated and extended
to include public
buildings)
Boston Port Bill
• Boston Port Bill (June 1), The
Royal Navy blockades the
Boston Harbor so no
colonial goods could be
sent out until tea was paid
for.
Massachusetts Government Act
• Massachusetts Government Act
(May 20) Revoked Mass
colonial charter
• The King assigned British
General Gage to be
Massachusetts governor.
• restructured Mass. Government
= less democratic
• Banned holding of more than
one town meeting per year
Quebec Act
• Re-established Canadian
borders.
• Re-drew the qualifications
for officeholders.
• British colonists objected
to pro-French Canadian,
pro-Catholic legislation.
Net Effect of the Intolerable Acts
• These convinced people in
all the colonies that the
British were out to destroy
representative government
and civil liberties in
America.
• Virginia rallied to side with
Mass.
• Convening of first
Continental Congress
(September, 1774)
First Continental Congress
• All colonies except
Georgia sent delegates
to Philadelphia, Sept.
1774.
• Suffolk Resolves:
advised colonials to arm
themselves against
attacks by royal troops
Rights and Resolves
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Conflict at Lexington and Concord
•British General Gage learns
of hidden weapons in
Concord
•Two lanterns hung in
church tower to warn the
British coming by “sea”
(Charles River)
•Paul Revere and William
Dawes make midnight ride to
warn Minutemen of
approaching British soldiers
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The Revolution Begins
April 18, 1775
“Shot heard
round the world”
250 British casualties
vs. less than 100
colonists’ casualties
Lexington
Redcoats
Concord
April 19, 1775
Paul Revere
and William Dawes
Where muskets of
militia members were
believed to be stored
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Second Continental Congress
Representatives
brought money to help
establish the…
Continental Army
(i.e. pay soldiers, buy
guns, bullets, food,
and uniforms
The Olive Branch Petition
Most colonial delegates still hoped
for reconciliation and offered
the Olive Branch Petition to
George III
Olive Branch Petition:
• Cease fire at Boston
• Repeal of the Coercive Acts
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Negotiations to establish
American Rights
British ignored this and declared
colonists in rebellion Dec. 1775
Thomas Paine: Common Sense (1776)
• Paine's political pamphlet brought
the rising revolutionary sentiment
into sharp focus by placing blame
for the suffering of the colonies
directly on the reigning British
monarch, George III. First and
foremost, Common Sense
advocated an immediate
declaration of independence,
postulating a special moral
obligation of America to the rest of
the world. Not long after
publication, the spirit of Paine's
argument found resonance in the
American Declaration of
Independence.
(www.earlyamerica.com)
Declaring Independence
Who was involved?
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Adams
• Robert R.
Livingston
• Roger Sherman
• Thomas Jefferson