Transcript US History A Final Exam Review

US History A
Final Exam Review
Be familiar with these dates:
1607
 1763
 1775
 1776
 1783
 1788

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–
–
–
–
–
Jamestown established
End of French and Indian War
American Revolution begins
Declaration of Independence
American Revolution ends
Constitution ratified
Be familiar with these dates:








1803 – Louisiana Purchase
1812-1815 – War of 1812
1830 1850 – Age of Reform
1846-1848 – War with Mexico
1861-1865 – Civil War
1865-1876 – Reconstruction
1876-1900 – New Industrial Age
1876-1915 – Age of Immigration
Site of the first permanent
English settlement
Jamestown
Site of the first permanent
English settlement
These people migrated to New
England in order to escape
religious persecution.
Puritans
These people migrated to New
England in order to escape
religious persecution.
City where the British killed 5
colonists and where the
colonists poured the taxed tea
into the Harbor.
Boston, Massachusetts
City where the British killed 5
colonists and where the
colonists poured the taxed tea
into the Harbor.
Site where the first shots of the
American Revolution were fired.
Lexington
Site where the first shots of the
American Revolution were fired.
Agreement made by Puritans on
board their ship in which they
agreed to obey their own laws.
Mayflower Compact
Agreement made by Puritans on
board their ship in which they
agreed to obey their own laws.
He brought settlers to the colony
of Georgia
James Oglethorpe
He brought settlers to the colony
of Georgia
British policy in the 1700s of not
interfering in the American
colonies’ politics and economy
as long as they were beneficial
to the interests of the British.
Salutary Neglect
British policy in the 1700s of not
interfering in the American
colonies’ politics and economy
as long as they were beneficial
to the interests of the British.
Religious movement that
emphasized equality of people
so that religion became more
democratic and indirectly led to
the American Revolution
Great Awakening
Religious movement that
emphasized equality of people
so that religion became more
democratic and indirectly led to
the American Revolution
This is the term used to describe
the horrible slave voyage to the
Americas.
Middle Passage
This is the term used to describe
the horrible slave voyage to the
Americas.
An economic theory under which
a country increases its wealth
exporting more goods than it
imports.
Mercantilism
An economic theory under which
a country increases its wealth
exporting more goods than it
imports.
This ended the French and Indian
War which was won by Britain
and stripped France of all her
claims in the New World
Treaty of Paris 1763
This ended the French and Indian
War which was won by Britain
and stripped France of all her
claims in the New World
The purpose of this was to stop
westward expansion by the
colonists and calm the Indian
uprisings.
Proclamation of 1763
The purpose of this was to stop
westward expansion by the
colonists and calm the Indian
uprisings.
This pamphlet was written by
Thomas Paine to help convince
the American colonists that a
complete break with Britain was
required.
Common Sense
This pamphlet was written by
Thomas Paine to help convince
the American colonists that a
complete break with Britain was
required.
This was a statement of the
reasons for the separation from
Britain. It also stated that the
purpose of government was to
secure the people their God
given rights.
Declaration of Independence
This was a statement of the
reasons for the separation from
Britain. It also stated that the
purpose of government was to
secure the people their God
given rights.
This American victory was the
turning point of the
Revolutionary War.
Saratoga
This American victory was the
turning point of the
Revolutionary War.
Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of
Happiness
Unalienable Rights
Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of
Happiness
Site of an American victory in
1781 as well as the place where
Cornwallis surrendered
Yorktown
Site of an American victory in
1781 as well as the place where
Cornwallis surrendered
This was the first internal tax and
the first direct tax levied by the
British on goods and services.
It required the purchase of
stamps that were to be put on
printed materials.
Stamp Act
This was the first internal tax and
the first direct tax levied by the
British on goods and services.
It required the purchase of
stamps that were to be put on
printed materials.
Originally it required colonial
governments to furnish
barracks and other provisions
for royal troops but was
extended to require the billeting
of soldiers in tavern and inns at
the expense of the colonists.
Quartering Act
Originally it required colonial
governments to furnish
barracks and other provisions
for royal troops but was
extended to require the billeting
of soldiers in tavern and inns at
the expense of the colonists.
Confrontation between British
troops and colonial shipyard
workers which resulted in the
deaths of four colonists. Used
by Sam Adams as a propaganda
tool.
Boston Massacre
Confrontation between British
troops and colonial shipyard
workers which resulted in the
deaths of four colonists. Used
by Sam Adams as a propaganda
tool.
A large group of Boston rebels
disguised themselves as Native
Americans and dumped the
entire cargo of an East India
Company ship into the harbor.
Boston Tea Party
A large group of Boston rebels
disguised themselves as Native
Americans and dumped the
entire cargo of an East India
Company ship into the harbor.
Reason the American colonists
objected to Parliament’s taxes.
Taxation without Representation
Reason the American colonists
objected to Parliament’s taxes.
Keeps each branch of
government from getting too
much power.
Checks and Balances
Keeps each branch of
government from getting too
much power.
These people are the advisors to
the President.
Cabinet
These people are the advisors to
the President.
A tax on imports.
Tariff
A tax on imports.
Body with equal representation
from each state.
Senate
Body with equal representation
from each state.
President’s power to reject a
proposed law.
Veto
President’s power to reject a
proposed law.
This is an addition or change to
the Constitution.
Amendment
This is an addition or change to
the Constitution.
He was an inventor, served as
American ambassador to France
and was a leader and
compromiser at the
Constitutional Convention.
Benjamin Franklin
He was an inventor, served as
American ambassador to France
and was a leader and
compromiser at the
Constitutional Convention.
Weak government written as a
reaction to the harsh rule of the
British that had been
overturned in the Revolutionary
War.
Articles of Confederation
Weak government written as a
reaction to the harsh rule of the
British that had been
overturned in the Revolutionary
War.
These are the first ten
amendments to the Constitution
that guarantee personal
liberties.
Bill of Rights
These are the first ten
amendments to the Constitution
that guarantee personal
liberties.
He attended all the sessions of
the Constitutional Convention,
took copious notes and is called
the “father of the Constitution.”
James Madison
He attended all the sessions of
the Constitutional Convention,
took copious notes and is called
the “father of the Constitution.”
This agreement called for a two
house legislature with
representation based on
population is one house and
equal representation in the
other house.
Great Compromise
This agreement called for a two
house legislature with
representation based on
population is one house and
equal representation in the
other house.
This body which is made up of
members from each state (#
for each state is the total # of
Representatives and Senators)
actually elects the President.
Electoral College
This body which is made up of
members from each state (#
for each state is the total # of
Representatives and Senators)
actually elects the President.
Natural born citizen
At least 35 years old
Resident at least 14 years
Qualifications to be President
Natural born citizen
At least 35 years old
Resident at least 14 years
This branch of the government
administers and carries out the
law and is headed by the
President.
Executive Branch
This branch of the government
administers and carries out the
law and is headed by the
President.
This grants to Congress the
power “to make all laws which
shall be necessary and proper
for carrying to execution the
foregoing powers.”
Elastic Clause
This grants to Congress the
power “to make all laws which
shall be necessary and proper
for carrying to execution the
foregoing powers.”
This is the branch of government
which enacts or makes the
laws.
Legislative
This is the branch of government
which enacts or makes the
laws.
This is the highest court of the
land that today is made up of 9
justices.
Supreme Court
This is the highest court of the
land that today is made up of 9
justices.
He was the nation’s greatest hero
and most respected public
figure; he was also expected to
be the nation’s first President.
He was a lawyer, a Federalist and
the son of a banker who spoke
for a government controlled by
the wealthy and educated and
created the National Bank.
Alexander Hamilton
He was a lawyer, a Federalist and
the son of a banker who spoke
for a government controlled by
the wealthy and educated and
created the National Bank.
Belief that the government
should not do anything that is
not specifically stated in the
Constitution.
Strict Construction
Belief that the government
should not do anything that is
not specifically stated in the
Constitution.
Something said or done that
becomes an example, rule or
tradition to be followed.
Precedent
Something said or done that
becomes an example, rule or
tradition to be followed.
This is the name for those who
favored the Constitution and a
strong central government.
Federalists
This is the name for those who
favored the Constitution.
This is a state’s refusal to
recognize a federal law.
George Washington
He was the nation’s greatest hero
and most respected public
figure; he was also expected to
be the nation’s first President.
Nullification
This is a state’s refusal to
recognize a federal law.
Incident in which the French
demanded a bribe before
agreeing to meet with the
American ambassadors.
XYZ Affair
Incident in which the French
demanded a bribe before
agreeing to meet with the
American ambassadors.
This enables the federal courts to
determine if a state’s laws are
in keeping with the federal
Constitution.
Judicial Review
This enables the federal courts to
determine if a state’s laws are
in keeping with the federal
Constitution.
Name the Native American
woman who guided Lewis and
Clark.
Sacajawea
Name the Native American
woman who guided Lewis and
Clark.
He was an inventor, the founder
of the University of Virginia,
author of the Declaration of
Independence and President.
Thomas Jefferson
He was an inventor, the founder
of the University of Virginia,
author of the Declaration of
Independence and President.
He was the hero of the Battle of
New Orleans, helped to defeat
the Spanish in Florida and
President.
Andrew Jackson
He was the hero of the Battle of
New Orleans, helped to defeat
the Spanish in Florida and
President.
This was unrest in 1794 caused
by opposition to a tax on
distilled corn liquor; its
suppression was the first
demonstration of the power of
the federal government.
Whiskey Rebellion
This was unrest in 1794 caused
by opposition to a tax on
distilled corn liquor; its
suppression was the first
demonstration of the power of
the federal government.
Statement passed in 1798 that
attacked the Alien and Sedition
Acts as unconstitutional.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Statement passed in 1798 that
attacked the Alien and Sedition
Acts as unconstitutional.
In 1804 they led an expedition
from St. Louis, up the Missouri
River and across the Rocky
Mountains to the Oregon
territory and the Pacific Ocean.
Lewis and Clark
In 1804 they led an expedition
from St. Louis, up the Missouri
River and across the Rocky
Mountains to the Oregon
territory and the Pacific Ocean.
An 1819 treaty between the
United States and Spain in
which Spain ceded Florida to
the United States.
Adams-Onis Treaty
An 1819 treaty between the
United States and Spain in
which Spain ceded Florida to
the United States.
This is the 1803 acquisition by
the United States of French
territory extending from the
Mississippi River to the Rocky
Mountains for $15 million.
Louisiana Purchase
This is the 1803 acquisition by
the United States of French
territory extending from the
Mississippi River to the Rocky
Mountains for $15 million.
A series of laws enacted in 1820
to maintain the balance of
power between slave states and
free states.
Missouri Compromise
A series of laws enacted in 1820
to maintain the balance of
power between slave states and
free states.
These laws were an attempt by
the Federalist to weaken the
Democratic-Republican party
which drew a lot of its support
common people.
Alien and Sedition Acts
These laws were an attempt by
the Federalist to weaken the
Democratic-Republican party
which drew a lot of its support
common people.
This group wanted war with
Britain because of a desire to
acquire Canada for the United
States.
War Hawks
This group wanted war with
Britain because of a desire to
acquire Canada for the United
States.
This describes the efforts of
reformers to end slavery.
Abolitionist Movement
This describes the efforts of
reformers to end slavery.
This was an organized campaign
to eliminate alcohol
consumption.
Temperance Movement
This was an organized campaign
to eliminate alcohol
consumption.
Refers to the forced movement
of the Cherokee by Jackson in
1838 – 1839 to Oklahoma in
violation of a Supreme Court
order.
Trail of Tears
Refers to the forced movement
of the Cherokee by Jackson in
1838 – 1839 to Oklahoma in
violation of a Supreme Court
order.
He was a statesman from South
Carolina who held many offices
in the federal government. He
ran for President in 1824 and
was a staunch supporter of
states’ rights.
John C. Calhoun
He was a statesman from South
Carolina who held many offices
in the federal government. He
ran for President in 1824 and
was a staunch supporter of
states’ rights.
She was a former slave who
spoke to white audiences in her
work as an abolitionist and
women’s rights advocate.
Sojourner Truth
She was a former slave who
spoke to white audiences in her
work as an abolitionist and
women’s rights advocate.
The freeing of enslaved persons.
Emancipation
The freeing of enslaved persons.
His experiences as a slave made
him into the nation’s most
influential African American
abolitionist.
Frederick Douglass
His experiences as a slave made
him into the nation’s most
influential African American
abolitionist.
As a school reformer and
supporter of public education,
he devised an educational
system in Massachusetts that
was later copied by many
states.
Horace Mann
As a school reformer and
supporter of public education,
he devised an educational
system in Massachusetts that
was later copied by many
states.
Members of this political party
were chiefly small farmers, city
workers and newly emerging
business leaders who opposed
an all-powerful federal
government and the national
bank.
Jacksonian Democrats
Members of this political party
were chiefly small farmers, city
workers and newly emerging
business leaders who opposed
an all-powerful federal
government and the national
bank.
Declaration in 1823 that the
United States would oppose
efforts by any outside power to
control a nation in the Western
Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
Declaration in 1823 that the
United States would oppose
efforts by any outside power to
control a nation in the Western
Hemisphere.
This was a network of escape
routes and safe houses that
provided protection and
transportation for slaves fleeing
north to freedom.
Underground Railroad
This was a network of escape
routes and safe houses that
provided protection and
transportation for slaves fleeing
north to freedom.
This conflict between the United
States and Mexico ended in a
US victory and the addition of
substantial territory.
Mexican War
This conflict between the United
States and Mexico ended in a
US victory and the addition of
substantial territory.
This violent uprising in August
1831 saw the deaths of 57
white people in attacks on four
plantations. It was eventually
suppressed by local militia and
20 slaves were hanged.
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
This violent uprising in August
1831 saw the deaths of 57
white people in attacks on four
plantations. It was eventually
suppressed by local militia and
20 slaves were hanged.
He was the 7th President of the
United States who supported
minimal government and the
spoils system, vetoed
rechartering of the national
bank and pursued a harsh
policy toward Native Americans.
Andrew Jackson
He was the 7th President of the
United States who supported
minimal government and the
spoils system, vetoed
rechartering of the national
bank and pursued a harsh
policy toward Native Americans.
This was the argument that the
United States was fated to
expand from “sea to shining
sea.”
Manifest Destiny
This was the argument that the
United States was fated to
expand from “sea to shining
sea.”
The South opposed this 1828
tariff saying that it was
economically discriminatory
because raising the price of
manufactured goods would
cause foreign markets to stop
buying cotton.
Tariff of Abominations
The South opposed this 1828
tariff saying that it was
economically discriminatory
because raising the price of
manufactured goods would
cause foreign markets to stop
buying cotton.
This is the practice of placing
your friends in important
positions when you take office.
Spoils System
This is the practice of placing
your friends in important
positions when you take office.
Association of seven seceding
Southern states formed in
1861.
Confederate States of America
Association of seven seceding
Southern states formed in
1861.
The purpose of this forced entry
of a federal arsenal was to get
weapons to arm slaves. The
leader was hanged.
John Brown’s Raid
The purpose of this forced entry
of a federal arsenal was to get
weapons to arm slaves. The
leader was hanged.
This refers to the violence that
occurred in 1856 between those
for slavery and those who were
against slavery in the Midwest.
Bleeding Kansas
This refers to the violence that
occurred in 1856 between those
for slavery and those who were
against slavery in the Midwest.
President of the Confederate
States of America who ordered
the attack on Fort Sumter, the
first violent act of the Civil War.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate
States of America who ordered
the attack on Fort Sumter, the
first violent act of the Civil War.
This was the American policy of
letting the people in a territory
decide whether slavery would
be allowed there.
Popular sovereignty
This was the American policy of
letting the people in a territory
decide whether slavery would
be allowed there.
This law written in 1854 called on
the citizens of the two
territories involved to decide the
issue of slavery there.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This law written in 1854 called on
the citizens of the two
territories involved to decide the
issue of slavery there.
This law which was part of the
Compromise of 1850 ordered all
citizens of the United States to
assist in the return of runaway
slaves.
Fugitive Slave Act
This law which was part of the
Compromise of 1850 ordered all
citizens of the United States to
assist in the return of runaway
slaves.
Resolution introduced at the
beginning of the Mexican War
intended to prohibit slavery in
any territory taken from Mexico.
It passed the House but not the
Senate.
Wilmot Proviso
Resolution introduced at the
beginning of the Mexican War
intended to prohibit slavery in
any territory taken from Mexico.
It passed the House but not the
Senate.
Author of the popular and
inflammatory anti-slavery novel,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Author of the popular and
inflammatory anti-slavery novel,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
Although it started as a social club in
Tennessee, this organization
quickly evolved into one that used
terrorist style tactics to “defend the
social and political superiority” of
whites against the “aggression of
an inferior race.”
Ku Klux Klan
Although it started as a social club in
Tennessee, this organization
quickly evolved into one that used
terrorist style tactics to “defend the
social and political superiority” of
whites against the “aggression of
an inferior race.”
Commander of the Union forces
who used the Anaconda Plan to
achieve defeat of the South and
accepted Lee’s surrender in
1865.
U. S. Grant
Commander of the Union forces
who used the Anaconda Plan to
achieve defeat of the South and
accepted Lee’s surrender in
1865.
Term used to describe the
domination of post-Civil War
southern politics by the
Democratic Party.
Solid South
Term used to describe the
domination of post-Civil War
southern politics by the
Democratic Party.
He was a Maryland actor with
strong southern sympathies
who conspired to kidnap Lincoln
and exchange him for
Confederate prisoners of war.
He later shot Lincoln to death.
John Wilkes Booth
He was a Maryland actor with
strong southern sympathies
who conspired to kidnap Lincoln
and exchange him for
Confederate prisoners of war.
He later shot Lincoln to death.
Federal government’s effort
between 1865 and 1877 to
repair the damage to the South
caused by the Civil War and to
restore Southern states to the
Union.
Reconstruction
Federal government’s effort
between 1865 and 1877 to
repair the damage to the South
caused by the Civil War and to
restore Southern states to the
Union.
This insulting nickname was used
for white southern Republicans
following the Civil War.
Scalawag
This insulting nickname was used
for white southern Republicans
following the Civil War.
This Constitutional amendment
that was ratified in 1870,
guaranteed African Americans
voting rights.
15th Amendment
This Constitutional amendment
that was ratified in 1870,
guaranteed African Americans
voting rights.
This was the first major federal
relief agency in United States
history set up to give out
clothing, medical supplies, and
meals to both black and white
refugees of the Civil War.
Freedman’s Bureau
This was the first major federal
relief agency in United States
history set up to give out
clothing, medical supplies, and
meals to both black and white
refugees of the Civil War.
Union general in the Civil War
who was known for his
destructive march from Atlanta
to Savannah in 1864.
William T. Sherman
Union general in the Civil War
who was known for his
destructive march from Atlanta
to Savannah in 1864.
In this system, farmers did not
own their land but rented it
from a planter and that gave
them the right to choose what
crops to plan and when to
work.
Tenant Farming
In this system, farmers did not
own their land but rented it
from a planter and that gave
them the right to choose what
crops to plan and when to
work.
Constitutional amendment
ratified in 1865 that abolished
slavery.
13th Amendment
Constitutional amendment
ratified in 1865 that abolished
slavery.
This three-day battle was the
greatest battle ever fought in
North America; a Union victory
that was the turning point in
the Civil War.
Battle of Gettysburg
This three-day battle was the
greatest battle ever fought in
North America; a Union victory
that was the turning point in
the Civil War.
Constitutional amendment
ratified in 1868 that guaranteed
citizens equal protection of the
law.
14th Amendment
Constitutional amendment
ratified in 1868 that guaranteed
citizens equal protection of the
law.
This was an insulting nickname
for a Northern Republican who
moved to the South after the
Civil War because they rushed
south to profit from the misery
left by the war.
Carpetbagger
This was an insulting nickname
for a Northern Republican who
moved to the South after the
Civil War because they rushed
south to profit from the misery
left by the war.
System of farming in which a
farmer works some portion of a
planter’s land and receives a
split of the crop at harvest time
as payment.
Sharecropping
System of farming in which a
farmer works some portion of a
planter’s land and receives a
split of the crop at harvest time
as payment.
Presidential decree, effective
January 1, 1863, that freed
slaves in the Confederate-held
territory.
Emancipation Proclamation
Presidential decree, effective
January 1, 1863, that freed
slaves in the Confederate-held
territory.
After leaving Atlanta, Union
troops cut a nearly 300-mile
long path of destruction across
Georgia, destroying bridges,
factories and railroad lines.
This became known as?
March to the Sea
After leaving Atlanta, Union
troops cut a nearly 300-mile
long path of destruction across
Georgia, destroying bridges,
factories and railroad lines.
This became known as?
A famous speech by President
Lincoln on the meaning of the
Civil War, given in November,
1863 at the dedication of a
national cemetery.
Gettysburg Address
A famous speech by President
Lincoln on the meaning of the
Civil War, given in November,
1863 at the dedication of a
national cemetery.
These laws enacted by southern
states that had been restored to
the Union established virtual
slavery for the freed people.
Black Codes
These laws enacted by southern
states that had been restored to
the Union established virtual
slavery for the freed people.
What was Lincoln’s stated
purpose of the Civil War prior to
the Emancipation Proclamation?
To preserve the Union
What was Lincoln’s stated
purpose of the Civil War prior to
the Emancipation Proclamation?
What was the most important
advantage of the South in the
Civil War?
Fighting a defensive war
What was the most important
advantage of the South in the
Civil War?
Policy toward business generally
followed by the federal
government before 1880.
Laissez Faire
Policy toward business generally
followed by the federal
government before 1880.
A strong sense of loyalty to a
region.
Sectionalism
A strong sense of loyalty to a
region.
Pride in one’s country.
Nationalism
Pride in one’s country.
The right to vote.
Suffrage
The right to vote.
To end slavery.
Abolition
To end slavery.
To withdraw from the union.
Secession
To withdraw from the union.
Multifamily dwellings where poor
people, who made up most of a
city’s population, lived.
Tenements
Multifamily dwellings where poor
people, who made up most of a
city’s population, lived.
President of Tuskegee Institute,
author of Up from Slavery,
encouraged blacks to learn a
skill.
Booker T. Washington
President of Tuskegee Institute,
author of Up from Slavery,
encouraged blacks to learn a
skill.
Site of the 1849 “Gold Rush.”
California
Site of the 1849 “Gold Rush.”
Site where the Confederates fired
on a Union ship thus starting
the Civil War.
Fort. Sumter, SC
Site where the Confederates fired
on a Union ship thus starting
the Civil War.
Border between Canada and the
United States.
49th Parallel
Border between Canada and the
United States.
Border between Mexico and the
United States.
Rio Grande River
Border between Mexico and the
United States.
Thomas Edison
Samuel Morse
Alexander Graham Bell
Eli Whitney
Charles Goodyear
American Inventors
Thomas Edison
Samuel Morse
Alexander Graham Bell
Eli Whitney
Charles Goodyear
Ulysses S. Grant
George McClellan
William T. Sherman
Union Generals
Ulysses S. Grant
George McClellan
William T. Sherman
Stephen F. Austin
Sam Houston
Davy Crockett
Fought for Texans
Independence
Stephen F. Austin
Sam Houston
Davy Crockett
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
Confederate Generals
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
William Lloyd Garrison
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Frederick Douglass
Abolitionists
William Lloyd Garrison
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Frederick Douglass
Patrick Henry
Thomas Paine
Samuel Adams
James Otis
Benjamin Franklin
Paul Revere
Patriots
Patrick Henry
Thomas Paine
Samuel Adams
James Otis
Benjamin Franklin
Paul Revere
Andrew Carnegie
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John Rockefeller
Robber Barons
Andrew Carnegie
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John Rockefeller
This was an organization of
workers formed to protect the
interests of its members.
Labor Unions
This was an organization of
workers formed to protect the
interests of its members.
John Quincy Adams
James Monroe
Andres Jackson
James Madison
United States Presidents
John Quincy Adams
James Monroe
Andres Jackson
James Madison
Frederick Douglass
Harriett Tubman
Dred Scott
Nat Turner
Slaves and Former Slaves
Frederick Douglass
Harriett Tubman
Dred Scott
Nat Turner
James Oglethorpe
William Penn
Lord Baltimore
Colonial Founders
James Oglethorpe
William Penn
Lord Baltimore