Transcript 台灣健康促進學校概況 Health Promoting Schools in Taiwan

台灣健康促進學校概況
Health Promoting Schools in Taiwan
國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系
黃松元教授
Song-yuan Huang, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Health Education
National Taiwan Normal University
台灣地區發展及推動健康促進學校計畫
之歷史背景
The Historical Background for Developing
and Implementing School Health-Promoting
School Programs in Taiwan
1970s 健康促進與疾病預防觀念開始發展，
正式進入健康促進時代
Development of the concept of health
promotion and disease prevention,
indicating the beginning of the era of
health promotion
1978 世界衛生組織發布「阿拉木圖宣言」
The Declaration of Alma-Ata
was issued by the World Health
Organization
1986 世界衛生組織發布「渥太華健康促進
宣言」，涵蓋下列五項行動策略
The Ottawa Charter for Health
Promotion was issued by the WHO.
The Charter includes the following
five actions
1.訂定健康的公共政策
Build healthy public policy
2.為健康創造支持性的環境
Create supportive environments
3.強化社區行動
Strengthen community action
4.發展個人技能
Develop personal skills
5.重新定位健康服務的方向
Reorient health services
1995
世界衛生組織西太平洋區署發布
「健康新水平線」
The New Horizons in Health was
issued by the WHO Regional Office
for the Western Pacific
1996 世界衛生組織西太平洋區署頒布
「地區健康促進學校發展綱領─
行動架構」
The Regional Guidelines﹝for the ﹞
Development of Health-Promoting
Schools—A Framework for Action
was published by the WHO Regional
Office for the Western Pacific
1997 教育部修訂頒布「學校衛生工作
指引」
The School Health Guidelines was
revised and published by the Ministry
of Education, Republic of China
1998 世界衛生組織修正頒布「世界衛生
組織學校衛生新創舉：協助學校
成為健康促進學校」
WHO’s Global School Health Initiative：
Helping School to Become HealthPromoting School was revised and
issued by the WHO
2001 我國教育部開始推動「學校健康
促進計畫」
The School Health Promotion Program
was launched by the Ministry of
Education, ROC
2002 1.我國行政院衛生署開始推動「學校
健康促進計畫」
The School Health Promotion
Program was launched by the
Department of Health, ROC
2.「學校衛生法」公布施行
The School Health Act of the
Republic of China was promulgated
2003 教育部與行政院衛生署聯合舉辦
「健康促進學校國際研討會」
The International Workshop on
Health-promoting Schools in Taiwan
was conducted jointly by the Ministry
of Education and the Department
of Health, ROC
2004
健康促進學校計畫繼續由教育部和
衛生署合作推動
Health-promoting school programs
are being conducted cooperatively
by the Ministry of Education and
the Department of Health, ROC
推動健康促進學校輔導計畫
之步驟
The Steps to Implement HealthPromoting School Programs
in Taiwan
1.編印健康促進學校工作指引
Compile and publish the Health-Promoting
School Guidelines
2.成立健康促進學校資源中心
Establish the Resource Center for healthpromoting schools
3.成立健康促進學校諮詢委員會
Organize the Health-Promoting School
Advisory Committee
4.宣導健康促進學校理念
Disseminate the ideas and concepts of healthpromoting school
5.遴選健康促進學校輔導員
Recruit the counselors for health-promoting
schools
6.培訓健康促進學校輔導員
Train the counselors for health-promoting
schools
7.遴選健康促進學校試辦學校
Select the schools to engage in the pilot study of
health-promoting school programs
8.舉辦健康促進學校輔導員與試辦學校溝通會議
Arrange the meeting for the counselors and
schools to strengthen their communication
9.輔導試辦學校規劃與執行各項健康促進工作
Assist the schools to plan and implement the
health promotion tasks
10.充實健康促進學校資源中心網站服務資訊
提供與交流平台
Improve the Web Site Services and Information
dissemination offered by the Health-Promoting
School Resource Center
11.定期召開輔導員會議
Arrange the routine meetings for the counselors
12.進行試辦學校之評鑑
Evaluate the schools
13.辦理健康促進學校試辦成果發表
Conduct the presentation and sharing of the
outcomes of health-promoting school programs
14.推廣健康促進學校計畫至各級學校
Implement the health-promoting school
programs to all the schools
健康促進學校工作指引內容要點
The Key Components of the Health-Promoting
School Guidelines
I.緒論
Introduction
1.健康促進學校之意涵
Definition of Health-Promoting School
2.世界衛生組織及主要國家推動健康促進
學校概況
Implementation of Health-Promoting School
Programs by the World Health Organization
and Countries
3.我國健康促進學校之建構與推動方向
Construction and Implementation of
Health Promoting School Programs
in Taiwan
a.健康促進學校工作內容
Contents of health-promoting school
program
b.學校衛生組織與人員
School health organization and personnel
c.需求評估
Needs assessment
II.學校衛生政策
School Health Policies
1.需求評估
Needs Assessment
2.學校衛生法令規章
Legal Aspect of School Health
3.學校衛生政策之制定與推動
Development and Implementation of School
Health Policies
III.健康服務
Health Services
1.需求評估
Needs Assessment
2.工作項目
Major Items of Health Service
a.健康檢查
Health examination
b.體格缺點矯治
Correction of physical defects
c.特殊疾病學生之照護
Health care for the students with specific
diseases
d.學生健康資料建檔管理
Establishment and management of students
health records
e.校園緊急傷病處理
Emergency care on campus
f.學校傳染病管理
Communicable disease control in schools
g.學生體適能之增進
Improvement of students’ physical fitness
h.教職員健康促進
Health promotion for the school personnel
i.健康中心功能與工作之提升與落實
Functions and administration of school
health center/ service
3.健康服務方案設計
Design of the Programs for Health Service
IV.健康教育課程及活動／個人健康
生活技能
Health Education Curriculum and
Activities/ Personal Health Skills
1.需求評估
Needs Assessment
2.健康教育課程及活動工作項目
Major Items of Health Education Curriculum
and Activities
a.國小及國中「健康與體育」及其他相關學
習領域
The Integrated Course of Health Education
and Physical Education and other related
domains in primary and junior high schools
b.高級中學「健康與護理」科
Health and Nursing curriculum in senior
high school
c.運用多元化的策略實施健康教育課程
Utilize the multiple strategies to implement
health education curriculum
d.健康教育活動
Health education activities
3.健康教育課程及活動方案設計
Design of the Programs for Health Education
Curriculum and Activities
V.學校物質環境
The Physical Environment
of the School
1.需求評估
Needs Assessment
2.學校物質環境工作項目
Major Items of the Physical Environment of
the School
a.提供安全環境
Provide a safe environment for the school
community
b.提供適當的衛生設施與安全用水
Provide proper sanitary facilities and water
c.推行環境保護計畫
Implement environment protection programs
d.鼓勵學生愛護學校的設施
Encourage the students to take care of the
school facilities
e.提供完善的學習環境
Provide the students with a suitable learning
environment
f.建立健康的飲食環境
Establish a healthy eating environment
g.建立無菸、無毒校園
Build a tobacco- and drug- free campus
3.學校物質環境方案設計
Design of the Programs for the Physical
Environment of the School
VI.學校精神環境
The School’s Social Environment
1.需求評估
Needs Assessment
2.學校精神環境工作項目
Major Items of the School’s Social Environment
a.建立學校良好人際關係
Create good human relationships on campus
b.建立相互關懷、信任和友愛的環境
Create an environment of care, trust and
friendliness in school
c.為有特殊需要的學生提供適當的協助與輔導
Provide appropriate support and assistance
to students who are at a particular disadvantage
d.營造彼此尊重的環境
Create an environment in which all students
are valued and differences are respected
3.學校精神環境方案設計
Design of the Programs for the School’s
Social Environment
VII.社區關係
Community Relationships
1.需求評估
Needs Assessment
2.社區關係工作項目
Major Items of Community Relationships
a.學校與家庭的聯繫與合作
Communication and collaboration between
the school and the students’ families
b.學校與社區的聯繫與合作
Communication and collaboration between
the school and the community
c.可資運用之社區資源
The availability of community resources
VIII.健康促進學校計畫之評鑑與獎勵
Evaluation and Award of the HealthPromoting School Programs
1.評鑑
Evaluation
a.評鑑的目的
Purposes
b.評鑑的時機
Timing
c.評鑑的場所
Settings
d.評鑑的人員
Personnel
e.評鑑的方法
Methods
f.評鑑的工具及內容
Instruments and Components
2.獎勵
Award System
IX.健康促進學校之永續發展
The Sustainable Development of
Health-Promoting Schools
1.我國健康促進學校發展之願景
Perspectives on the Development of HealthPromoting Schools in Taiwan
2.健康促進學校國際接軌
International Linkage for Health-Promoting
Schools
健康促進學校工作指引第一版已於2003年
8月發行，預定於2004年加以修訂。
The first edition of the Health-Promoting
School Guidelines has been published in
2003. It is expected to be revised in 2004.
健康促進學校計畫實施現況
The Present Status of
Implementation of the Healthpromoting School Programs
1.學校數目：45所(國民小學13所、國民中學
5所、高中高職15所、大專院校12所)
Number of schools: 45 (13 primary schools,
5 junior high schools, 15 senior high schools
and 12 colleges and universities)
2.計畫內涵：主要依據世界衛生組織西太平洋
區署於1996年訂頒之「地區健康促進學校發
展綱領—行動架構」和台灣地區之需求
Major components of HPS programs: Mainly
based upon the “ Regional Guidelines 〔for the〕
Development of Health-promoting Schools –
A Framework for Action” published by the WHO
Regional Office for the Western Pacific in 1996
and the needs of Taiwan
3.推動的機構 The organizations responsible
for the programs
a.教育部
Ministry of Education, ROC
b.行政院衛生署衛生教育推動委員會
The Health Education Implementing
Committee, Department of Health, ROC
c.行政院衛生署國民健康局
Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of
Health, ROC
d.國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系
Department of Health Education, National
Taiwan Normal University
e.中華民國學校衛生學會
National School Health Association, ROC
f.縣市教育局和衛生局
City or county departments of education
and health
挑戰與展望
Challenges and Perspectives
1.落實學校衛生法及相關法律
Promulgate the School Health Act and related
laws and rules effectively
2.修訂健康促進學校工作指引
Revise the Health-promoting School Guidelines
3.強化學校衛生組織
Strengthen the school health organizations,
including public and private sectors
4.充實學校衛生人力資源
Reinforce the school health personnel
5.寬籌學校衛生經費
Raise the budget for school health programs
6.加強學校衛生專題研究
Reinforce the academic researches on school
health
7.增進學校、家庭和社區的互動
Improve the interactions among the schools,
the families, and the communities
8.促進國際接軌
Promote the linkages with international
NGOs and countries / areas