Transcript Basic Energy Sciences SCIENCE Board on Physics and Astronomy Spring Meeting Harriet Kung

OFFICE OF
SCIENCE
Basic Energy Sciences
Board on Physics and Astronomy Spring Meeting
Keck Center of the National Academies
April 24, 2009
Harriet Kung
Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
What’s New
I.
Staffing
II.
The BESAC “New Era” Subcommittee Report:
“New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy
Future”
III.
Budget


IV.
H.R. 1, The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA) of 2009
FY 2009 Budget Appropriation

EFRC and SISGR Updates
LCLS First Light
2
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
BES Budget and Planning
Bob Astheimer, Technical Advisor
Margie Davis, Financial Management
Vacant, Program Support Specialist
Harriet Kung, Director
Wanda Smith, Administrative Specialist
Materials Sciences and
Engineering Division
Linda Horton, Director
Ehsan Khan, Program Manager
Christie Ashton, Program Analyst
Charnice Waters, Secretary
Scientific User Facilities Division
Chemical Sciences, Geosciences,
and Biosciences Division
Pedro Montano, Director
Eric Rohlfing, Director
Linda Cerrone, Program Support Specialist
Rocio Meneses, Program Assistant
Diane Marceau, Program Analyst
Michaelene Kyler-King, Program Assistant
Materials Discovery,
Design, and Synthesis
Condensed Matter and
Materials Physics
Scattering and
Instrumentation
Sciences
Arvind Kini
Kerry Gorey, P.A.
Jim Horwitz
Marsophia Agnant, P.A.
Helen Kerch
Cheryl Howard, P.A.
Materials Chemistry
Dick Kelley
Jim McBreen, BNL
Vacant
Exp. Cond. Mat. Phys.
Andy Schwartz
Doug Finnemore, Ames
X-ray Scattering
Lane Wilson
X-ray and Neutron
Scattering Facilities
Roger Klaffky
Theo. Cond. Mat. Phys.
Michael Lee
Arun Bansil, NEU
Jim Davenport, BNL
Kim Ferris, PNNL
Neutron Scattering
Thiyaga P. Thiyagarajan
Nanoscience Centers &
E-beam Centers
Tof Carim
Physical Behavior
of Materials
Refik Kortan
Electron and Scanning
Probe Microscopies
Jane Zhu
Accelerator and Detector
R&D
Mechanical Behavior
and Radiation Effects
John Vetrano
DOE EPSCoR*
Tim Fitzsimmons
Helen Farrell, INL
Facility Coordination,
Metrics, Assessment
Van Nguyen
Vacant
Biomolecular Materials
Mike Markowitz
Synthesis and Processing
Bonnie Gersten
Jeff Tsao, SNL
Mike Coltrin, SNL
Tech. Coordination
Program Management
John Vetrano
Vacant
LEGEND
Detailee (from DOE laboratories)
Detailee, ½ time
Detailee, ½ time, not at HQ
Detailee, ¼ time, not at HQ
On detail from SC-2, ½ time
IPA (Interagency Personnel Act)
P.A. Program Assistant
BES Operations
Rich Burrow, DOE Technical Office Coordination
Don Freeburn, DOE and Stakeholder Interactions
Ken Rivera, Laboratory Infrastructure / ES&H
Katie Perine, Program Analyst / BESAC
Vacant, Technology Office Coordination
* Experimental Program to
Stimulate Competitive Research
Operations
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Fundamental
Interactions
Photo- and BioChemistry
Chemical
Transformations
Michael Casassa
Robin Felder, P.A.
Rich Greene
Sharron Watson, P.A.
John Miller
Teresa Crockett, P.A.
Linac Coherent
Light Source
Tom Brown
Atomic, Molecular, and
Optical Sciences
Jeff Krause
Solar Photochemistry
Mark Spitler
Catalysis Science
Raul Miranda
Paul Maupin
NSLS II
Tom Brown
Gas-Phase
Chemical Physics
Wade Sisk
Larry Rahn, SNL
Photosynthetic Systems
Gail McLean
Spallation Neutron
Source Upgrades
Tom Brown
Condensed-Phase and
Interfacial Mol. Science
Greg Fiechtner
Physical Biosciences
Bob Stack
TEAM
Vacant
Computational and
Theoretical Chemistry
Mark Pederson
Construction
Instrument MIEs
(SING, LUSI, etc.)
Vacant
Advanced Light Source
User Support Building
Tom Brown
Heavy Element
Chemistry
Lester Morss
Norm Edelstein, LBNL
Separations and
Analysis
Bill Millman
Larry Rahn, SNL
Geosciences
Nick Woodward
Pat Dobson, LBNL
Technology Office
Coordination
Marvin Singer
Vacant
April 2009
Posted 01APR09
3
Linda Announcement
4
Energy and Science Grand Challenges
BESAC and BES Reports
 Secure Energy Future, 2002
 Hydrogen Economy, 2003
 Solar Energy Utilization, 2005
 Superconductivity, 2006
 Solid-state Lighting, 2006
 Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, 2006
 Clean and Efficient Combustion of Fuels, 2006
 Electrical Energy Storage, 2007
 Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century Energy Systems,
2007
 Materials Under Extreme Environments, 2007
 Directing Matter and Energy: Five Grand Challenges for
Science and the Imagination, 2007
 New Science for a Secure and
Sustainable Energy Future, 2008
http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html
5
New Science for a Secure and
Sustainable Energy Future
Co-Chairs: George Crabtree (ANL) and Marc Kastner (MIT)
Members: Michelle Buchanan, Thomas Mallouk, John Sarrao, Michael Klein, Arthur Nozik,
Julia Phillips, Sue Clark, Frank DiSalvo, Don DePaolo, Simon Bare, Wayne Hendrickson,
Wolfgang Eberhardt, Franz Himpsel, Michael Norman, Andrea Cavalleri, Carl Lineberger,
Yet-Ming Chiang, Pat Looney
Charge:
 Summarize the range of scientific research directions that emerged from the 2002
BESAC report Basic Research Needs for a Secure Energy Future, the follow-on
BES BRNs reports, and the BESAC report “Directing Matter and Energy: Five
Challenges for Science and the Imagination.” Identify key cross-cutting scientific
themes that are common to these reports.
http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/
reports/list.html
 Summarize the implementation strategies, and human resources that will be
required to accomplish the science described in the aforementioned reports.
Three Strategic Goals:



Making fuels from sunlight
Generating electricity without carbon dioxide emissions
Revolutionizing energy efficiency and use
6
Energy Sustainability and Materials
Traditional Energy
Materials
Fuels: coal, oil, gas
CH0.8, CH2, CH4
Passive Function:
Combustion
Value: Commodities
High Energy Content
Sustainable Energy
Materials
Diverse Functions
PV, Superconductors,
Photocatalysts
Battery Electrodes
Electrolytic Membranes
Active Function:
Converting Energy
Value: Functionality
30 year Lifetime
Greater Sustainability = Greater Complexity,
higher functional materials
7
Solar Energy Utilization:
PV Production Learning Curve
1976
“80% Learning Curve”:
Module price decreases by
20% for every doubling of
cumulative production
Silicon Wafer Technologies
2005
2010
2015
80%
Note: By 2020, current trajectory will supply 16 GW (peak) (~3.5 GW avg) in U.S.
whereas at least 425 GW will be needed just for electricity, and ~2000 GW for fuel.
8
Solar Energy Utilization:
Breakthroughs Needed
New Science is
required to move us
off the present curve
Future scenarios:
Crystalline silicon
Thin films/Concentrators
New technologies
PV grid parity
(~$0.10/kWh) is
projected by 2015.
But this is not
good enough for
massive use of
solar power. That
would require
solar at
$0.02/kWh (cost
of coal). And that
bold goal requires
basic research
and resultant
disruptive
technology.
9
Enabling Technologies: Storing Energy
 Store intermittent solar and wind electricity
 Electrify transportation with plug-in hybrids and electric cars
Energy/volume
30
Energy Storage Density
ethanol
20
hydrogen
compounds
(target)
methanol
combustion
chemical
+
fuel cells
= electricity
10
batteries
super
capacitors
gasoline
compressed
hydrogen gas
0
0
10
20
Energy/weight
30
40
x2-5 increase in battery energy density; x10-20 increase through chemical storage + fuel cells
10
New Science: Mastering Complexity
Controlling
Materials and Chemistries
in ultra-small and ultra-fast regimes
Complex
materials
Computer
modeling
Nanoscience
A New Era of Science:



Build materials with atom-by-atom chemical precision
Predict behavior of new materials
Design novel materials and chemistries for specific tasks
11
BESAC Subcommittee on Facing our
Energy Challenges in a New Era of Science
Recommendations:
 Control science with complex functional materials.
 Increase the rate of discoveries and establish US leadership in
next-generation carbon-free energy technologies.
 ‘Dream teams’ of highly educated talent, equipped with
forefront tools, and focused on the most pressing challenges
http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/f
iles/NSSSEF_rpt.pdf
 Aggressively recruit the best talent through a series of
workforce development.
12
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science
Office of Science
2009 Budget Request
Office FY
of Science
FY 2009 Budget Request to Congress
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2007
Approp.
FY 2008
Approp.
FY 2009
Request to
Congress
FY 2009 Request to
Congress vs. FY 2008
Approp.
Basic Energy Sciences……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1,221,380 1,269,902
1,568,160 +298,258
+23.5%
Advanced Scientific Computing Research………………………………………………………………………………………………
275,734
351,173
368,820
+17,647
+5.0%
Biological and Environmental Research…………………………………………………………………………………………………
480,104
544,397
568,540
+24,143
+4.4%
High Energy Physics…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
732,434
689,331
804,960 +115,629
+16.8%
Nuclear Physics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
412,330
432,726
510,080
+77,354
+17.9%
Fusion Energy Sciences……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
311,664
286,548
493,050 +206,502
+72.1%
Science Laboratories Infrastructure………………………………………………………………………………………………………
41,986
66,861
110,260
+43,399
+64.9%
Science Program Direction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
166,469
177,779
203,913
+26,134
+14.7%
Workforce Dev. for Teachers & Scientists………………………………………………………………………………………………
7,952
8,044
13,583
+5,539
+68.9%
Safeguards and Security (gross)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
75,830
75,946
80,603
+4,657
+6.1%
SBIR/STTR (SC funding)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
86,936
——
——
——
——
Subtotal, Office of Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3,812,819 3,902,707
4,721,969 +819,262
+21.0%
Adjustments*…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23,794
70,435
——
-70,435
——
Total, Office of Science…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3,836,613 3,973,142
4,721,969 +748,827
+18.8%
* Adjustments include SBIR/STTR funding transferred from other DOE offices (FY 2007 only), a charge to reimbursable customers for their share of safeguards and
security costs (FY 2007 and FY 2008), Congressionally-directed projects and a rescission of a prior year Congressionally-directed project (FY 2008 only), and offsets
for the use of prior year balances to fund current year activities (FY 2007 and FY 2008).
13
Basic Energy Sciences
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
BES will invest $524.3 million of the ARRA funding for the following six
activities:
 $150.0M to accelerate the civilian construction of the National Synchrotron Light Source II
(NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory;
 $14.7M to complete the construction of the User Support Building (USB) at the Advanced Light
Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory;
 $33.6M to complete the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Ultrafast Science Instruments
(LUSI) MIE project at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory;
 $25.0M for capital equipment replenishment and augmentation at the five BES Nanoscale
Science Research Centers (NSRCs);
 $24.0M for four synchrotron radiation light sources capital equipments, AIP, other upgrades
 $277.0M for Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs).
14
Basic Energy Sciences
FY 2009 Appropriations
FY 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act
Division C - Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2009
“Basic Energy Sciences.—The bill provides $1,571,972,407 for this program. Within this amount,
$17,000,000 is provided for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(EPSCoR). Full funding is provided to support the operations of the major scientific user facilities
and the five Nanoscale Science Research Centers, as well as additional instrumentation for the
Spallation Neutron Source and the Linac Coherent Light Source. The control level is at the Basic
Energy Sciences level.”
Total, BES
FY 2008
Enacted
FY 2009
Request
Omnibus
Bill
1,269,902
1,568,160
1,571,972
Omnibus Bill
vs. Enacted
+302,070
Omnibus Bill
vs. Request
+3,812
(in thousands)
http://docs.house.gov/rules/omni/jes/divcjes_111_hromni2009_jes.pdf
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History of Request vs. Appropriation
(FY08 Constant Dollars)*
* Prior to FY 2008 Supplemental & FY 2009
Recovery Act Funding
16
FY 2009 BES Budget
Omnibus Appropriations Act 2009
Core research programs
$100M for Energy Frontier Research Centers
~$55M for single investigator and small group awards for grand science
and energy research (including one-time funding for mid-scale
instrumentation and ultrafast science)
Facility-related research (detectors, optics, etc.) ~ $10M
$17M for EPSCoR (vs. request of $8.24M)
Scientific user facilities operations
Full funding for:
Synchrotron light sources
Neutron scattering facilities
Electron microcharacterization facilities
Nanoscale Science Research Centers
Construction and instrumentation
MSE
LightResearch
Sources
339.4
CSGB
Neutron
Research
Sources
251.4
NSRC 101.2
34
5
Appropriation
$ 1,572M
35.3
MIE GPP SBIR
Facilities
Ops
719
Facilities
Ops
MSE
Research
273.3
CSGB
Research
239.5
EFRC
100
OPC 27
Full funding for:
National Synchrotron Light Source-II
Linac Coherent Light Source + Linac operations + instruments
Advanced Light Source User Support Building
Spallation Neutron Source instruments
PULSE Building
Construction
145.5
SUF Research
20.4
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Energy Frontier Research Center
Tackling our energy challenges in a new era of science
Engaging the Talents of the Nation’s Researchers for the Broad
Energy Sciences: BES announced the initiation of EFRCs to
accelerate the scientific breakthroughs needed to create advanced
energy technologies for the 21st century. The EFRCs will pursue
the fundamental understanding necessary to meet the global need
for abundant, clean, and economical energy.
EFRC will pursue collaborative fundamental research that addresses both energy
challenges and science grand challenges in areas such as:
 Solar Energy Utilization
 Catalysis for Energy
 Electrical Energy Storage
 Solid State Lighting
 Superconductivity
 Other
 Geosciences for Nuclear Waste and CO2 Storage
 Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems
 Combustion of 21st Century Transportation Fuels
 Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Use
 Materials Under Extreme Environments
 Conversion of Biological Feedstock to Portable Fuels
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Timeline of the EFRC Solicitation
Jan 08
April 08
July 08
Oct 08
Continuing Resolution through 3/6/09
FY2008
2/2008
BES rolledout EFRC in
FY2009
Budget
Request &
BESAC
Jan 09
4/2008
7/2008
10/2008
BES
EFRC FOA
issued
Amended
4/2008
6/2008
9/2008
BES
Received
251
Letters of
Intent
BES
261 Full
Proposals
Received
Conducted
Merit Reviews
Apr 09
July 09
FY 2009
Awards
Announcement
19
Single-Investigator & Small-Group Research
Single-Investigator and Small-Group Research (SISGR) will significantly enhance the
core research programs in BES and pursue the fundamental understanding necessary
to meet the global need for abundant, clean, and economical energy.
Awards are planned for three years, with funding in the range of $150-300 K/yr for singleinvestigator awards and $500-1500 K/yr for small-group awards
Areas of interest include:
Grand challenge science: ultrafast science; chemical imaging, complex &
emergent behavior
Use inspired discovery science: basic research for electrical energy storage;
advanced nuclear energy systems; solar energy utilization; hydrogen production,
storage, and use; geological CO2 sequestration; other basic research areas
identified in BESAC and BES workshop reports with an emphasis on nanoscale
phenomena
Tools for grand challenge science: midscale instrumentation; accelerator and
detector research (exclude capital equipment supports)
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SISGR Solicitation Status
879 Whitepapers; ~ 88% from Universities; 11% DOE Labs; 1% Other Institutions
 Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems
 Solar Energy Utilization
 Geological Sequestration
of Carbon Dioxide
Energy Sources
31%
 Electrical Energy Storage
 Hydrogen Research
Energy Storage
16%
Grand Science
Challenges and Tools
28%
 Ultrafast Science
 Chemical Imaging
 Mid-scale Instrumentation
 Complex Systems and Emergent
Behavior
Energy
Efficiency
10%
 Solid-state Lighting
 Clean and Efficient
Combustion
 Superconductivity
Cross-cutting
15%
 Catalysis for Energy
 Materials under Extreme
Environments
21
Timeline of the SISGR
Jan 08
April 08
July 08
FY2008
Apr 09
Jan 09
Oct 08
Continuing Resolution through 3/6/09
July 09
FY 2009
2/2008
4/2008
by 10/2008
3/2009
4/2009
6/2009
BES
discussed
SISGR Plan
at BESAC
BES issued
SISGR web
notice
BES
Received ~
880
whitepapers
BES to notify
PIs of
whitepaper
decisions
(tentative)
Full
proposals
due to BES
(tentative)
BES to issue
SISGR
awards
(tentative)
22
SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source
“First Light”
23
1992: Proposal (Pellegrini), Study Group(Winick)
1994: National Academies Report http://books.nap.edu/books/NI000099/html/index.html
1996: Design Study Group (M. Cornacchia)
1997: BESAC (Birgeneau) Report http://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/BESAC/reports.html
1998: LCLS Design Study Report SLAC-521
1999: BESAC (Leone) Report http://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/BESAC/reports.html
$1.5M/year, 4 years
2000: LCLS- the First Experiments (Shenoy & Stohr) SLAC-R-611
2001: DOE Critical Decision 0
2002: LCLS Conceptual Design
DOE Critical Decision 1
$36M for Project Engineering Design
2003: DOE Critical Decision 2A
$30M in 2005 for Long Lead Procurements
2004: DOE 20-Year Facilities Roadmap
2005: Critical Decision 2B: Define Project Baseline
Critical Decision 3A: Long-Lead Acquisitions
2006: Critical Decision 3B: Groundbreaking
2009: First Light
2010: Project Completion
24
Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC
Injector (35º)
at 2-km point
Existing 1/3 Linac (1 km)
(with modifications)
New e- Transfer Line (340 m)
X-ray
Transport
Line (200 m)
Undulator (130 m)
Near Experiment Hall
(underground)
X-Ray Transport/Optics/Diagnos
Far Experiment
Hall (underground)
25
First Experiments
Concepts
SLAC Report 611
Atomic Physics (LCLS)
Atomic Molecular and
Optical Physics (LCLS) 8/2009
Plasma and Warm Dense Matter
Matter in Extreme Conditions
(MEC) (OFES? awaiting CD-0)
Nanoscale Dynamics
in Condensed matter (LUSI)
Coherent scattering at the
nanoscale (XCS) (LUSI)
Structural Studies on Single
Particles and Biomolecules
Nano-particle and single
molecule (non-periodic)
imaging (CXI) (LUSI)
(LUSI)
Femtochemistry
Program developed by
international team of
scientists working with
accelerator and laser
physics communities
Six Instruments
(LUSI)
Pump/probe diffraction
dynamics (XPP) (LUSI)
Soft X-Ray Imaging &
Spectroscopy (SXR )
(DESY + +MPI+CFEL+Stanford+LBNL)
26
Construction
>90% complete
Table 2; Linac Coherent Light Source Re-Baselined Funding Profile ($M)
FY02 FY03 FY04 FY051 FY06 FY072 FY08 FY09
0
5.93 7.46 49.67 84.69 101.16 51.35 36.50
TEC
0
2.00
4.00
3.50 13.00 15.50 17.00
OPC 1.50
TPC 1.50 5.93 9.46 53.67 88.19 114.16 66.85 53.50
1
2
FY10 Total
15.24 352.00
11.50 68.00
26.74 420.00
FY2005 TEC funding includes $29,760,000 for long lead procurements.
FY07 TPC funding reflects the ~$8M reduction as a result of the FY2007 CR and directed change.
27
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
Program Web Links:
BES page: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/bes.html
BES Staff Contact: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/besstaff.html
Proposal Submission: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/grants.html
BES Workshop Reports: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html
EFRC: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/EFRC.html
SISGR: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/SISGR.html
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Basic and Applied R&D Coordination
How Nature Works … to … Design and Control … to … Technologies for the 21st Century
Grand Challenges




How nature works
Controlling materials
processes at the level of
quantum behavior of
electrons
Atom- and energy-efficient
syntheses of new forms of
matter with tailored
properties
Emergent properties from
complex correlations of
atomic and electronic
constituents
Man-made nanoscale
objects with capabilities
rivaling those of living
things
 Controlling matter very far
away from equilibrium
Discovery and Use-Inspired Basic Research
Materials properties and chemical functionalities by design
 Basic research for
 Basic research, often with
fundamental new
the goal of addressing
understanding on materials
showstoppers on realor systems that may
world applications in the
revolutionize or transform
energy technologies
today’s energy
technologies
 Development of new tools,
techniques, and facilities,
including those for the
scattering sciences and for
advanced modeling and
computation
Applied Research
 Research with the goal of
meeting technical
milestones, with emphasis
on the development,
performance, cost
reduction, and durability of
materials and components
or on efficient processes
 Proof of technology
concepts
Technology Maturation
& Deployment






Scale-up research
At-scale demonstration
Cost reduction
Prototyping
Manufacturing R&D
Deployment support
BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshops
BESAC Grand Challenges Panel
DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps
29