Transcript Document 7387924

COAST GOES-R Coastal Waters Imaging (CWI) Risk
Reduction Activities
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Curtiss O. Davis
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
[email protected]
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Presentation Outline
• Hyperspectral Environmental Suite-Coastal Water Imaging
capability (HES-CW) is planned for GOES-R (being developed
for launch in 2012).
– Ocean color measurements from geostationary orbit to
provide frequent imaging of coastal waters.
• Why HES-CW given VIIRS?
• Overview of HES-CW requirements and goals
• The Coastal Ocean Applications and Science Team (COAST)
and Risk Reduction Activities
• Planned field experiments to collect Simulated HES-CW data
• Summary
Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
(VIIRS)
• Being built by Raytheon
SBRS
– SeaWiFS and MODIS
heritage
Channel
Name
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M15
M16
channel
Center
412 nm
445 nm
488 nm
555 nm
672 nm
751 nm
865 nm
10.8 m
12.0 m
Channel
Width
20 nm
18 nm
20 nm
20 nm
20 nm
15 nm
39 nm
1.0 m
1.0 m
Ltypical
ocean
44.9
40
32
21
10
9.6
6.4
300K
300K
Required
VIIRS
SNR/NET SNR/NET
352
380
415
361
242
199
215
.070
.072
670
506
515
446
~ 400
~ 400
314
.041
.041
• First flight on NPOESS
Preparatory Project (NPP)
in 2008 then NPOESS
satellites starting in 2010
• Seven ocean color
channels and 2 SST
channels
•Approximately 1 km GSD ocean color
–742 m GSD and Nadir, 1092 m at +/- 850 km, 1597m at End of Scan
(+/- 1500 km)
–Designed to meet global ocean imaging requirements at 1 km GSD
–Maximum revisit frequency of twice a day at 1030 and 1530
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M
Why HES-CW given VIIRS?
• Tides, diel winds (such as the land/sea breeze),
river runoff, upwelling and storm winds drive
coastal currents that can reach several knots.
Furthermore, currents driven by diurnal and
semi-diurnal tides reverse approximately every 6
hours.
• VIIRS daily sampling at the same time cannot
resolve tides, diurnal winds, etc.
• HES-CW Can resolve tides from a geostationary
platform and will provide the management and
science community with a unique capability to
observe the dynamic coastal ocean environment.
• HES-CW will provide higher spatial resolution
(300 m vs. 1000 m)
• HES-CW will provide additional channels to
measure solar stimulated fluorescence,
suspended sediments, CDOM and improved
atmospheric correction.
These improvements are critical for the
analyses of coastal waters.
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Example tidal cycle from
Charleston, OR. Black
arrows VIIRS sampling,
red arrows HES-CW
sampling.
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HES-CW higher spatial resolution critical to
monitor complex coastal waters
MODIS
1 km
water
clarity
Modeled
HES-CW
(250 m)
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Fluorescence provides better phytoplankton
measurements in optically-complex coastal waters
MODIS Terra l2 scene
from 3 October 2001.
The ratio of
fluorescence line
height to chlorophyll
changes as a function
of the physiological
state of the
phytoplankton. This
can be exploited to
assess the health and
productivity of the
phytoplankton
populations.
Fluorescence line
height not available
from VIIRS.
HES-CW Key Threshold and Goal
Requirements
Nominal Threshold
Channel Center
Wavelength (um)
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0.412
0.443
0.477
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.55
Nominal
Threshold
Resolution
(um)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Nominal
Threshold
Signal to Noise
300 to 1 all
channels
0.645
0.02
Nominal
Threshold
Horiz.
Resolution
0.667
0.678
0.75
0.763
0.865
0.905
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.035
300-meters all
channels
(at Equator)
Nominal GOAL
Channel Center
Wavelength (um)
Nominal Nominal Goal
GOAL
Signal to
Resolution Noise Ratio
(um)
0.407 through 0.987
0.01
0.57
0.01
1.38
0.03
900 to 1 all
1.61
0.06
channels
2.26
0.05
11.2
0.8
12.3
1
Nominal Goal
Horiz.
Resolution
150-meters all
channels
(at Equator)
Frequency of Sampling and Prioritizing Goal
Requirements
• Threshold requirement is to sample all
Hawaii and Continental U. S. coastal waters
once every three hours during daylight
– Plus additional hourly sampling of
selected areas
• Goal requirement is hourly sampling of all
U.S. coastal waters is strongly
recommended, for cloud clearing and to
better resolve coastal ocean dynamics.
• Goal requirements compete with each other,
e.g. higher spatial resolution makes it harder
to increase sampling frequency or SNR.
• COAST top priority goals are:
– Higher frequency of sampling
– Goal channels for atmospheric correction
– Hyperspectral instead of multispectral
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HES-CW built to the threshold requirements will be a dramatic
improvement over present capabilities for coastal imaging.
COAST and Risk Reduction Activities
• Hyperspectral Environmental Suite-Coastal Water Imaging capability (HESCW) planned for GOES-R (being developed for launch in 2012).
• The Coastal Ocean Applications and Science Team (COAST) was created in
August 2004 to support NOAA to develop coastal ocean applications for
HES-CW:
– Mark Abbott, Dean of the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
(COAS) at Oregon State University is the COAST team leader,
– COAST activities are managed through the Cooperative Institute for
Oceanographic Satellite Studies (CIOSS) a part of COAS, Ted Strub,
Director
– Curtiss Davis, Senior Research Professor at COAS, is the Executive
Director of COAST.
• Paul Menzel Presented GOES-R Risk Reduction Program at the first COAST
meeting in September 2004 and invited COAST to participate.
– Curt Davis and Mark Abbott presented proposed activities in Feb. 2005.
– CIOSS/COAST invited to become part of GOES-R Risk Reduction Activity
beginning in FY 2006.
– Here we present an overview of our planned Risk Reduction Activities.
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Risk Reduction Activities:
Principal Roles of Co-Investigators
• Curtiss Davis, program management, calibration, atmospheric correction
• Mark Abbott, COAST Team Leader, phytoplankton productivity, chlorophyll
and chlorophyll fluorescence
• Ricardo Letelier, phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll fluorescence,
data management
• Peter Strutton, coastal carbon cycle, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
• Ted Strub, CIOSS Director, coastal dynamics, links to IOOS
COAST Participants:
• Bob Arnone, NRL, optical products, calibration, atmospheric correction,
data management
• Paul Bissett, FERI, optical products, data management
• Heidi Dierssen, U. Conn., benthic productivity
• Raphael Kudela, UCSC, HABs, IOOS
• Steve Lohrenz, USM, suspended sediments, HABs
• Oscar Schofield, Rutgers U., product validation, IOOS, coastal models
• Heidi Sosik, WHOI, productivity and optics
• Ken Voss, U. Miami, calibration, atmospheric correction, optics
• Other COAST members, as needed, in future years
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HES-CW Data flow and Risk Reduction
Activities
Raw sensor
data
Calibration
Calibrated
radiances
at the
sensor
Atmospheric
Correction
Water
Leaving
Radiances
Optical
properties
Algorithms
now-cast and
forecast
models
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Applications
and products
Data
assimilation
into models
Education
and outreach
Users
Product
models and
algorithms
In-Water
Optical
Properties
Proposed Experiments to Collect Simulated
HES-CW data (1 of 2)
• There are no existing data sets that include all the key attributes of
HES-CW data:
–
–
–
–
Spectral coverage (.4 – 1.0 m)
High signal-to-noise ratio (>300:1 prefer 900:1, for ocean radiances)
High spatial resolution (<150 m, bin to 300 m)
Hourly or better revisit
• Plan field experiments in 2006-2008 to develop the required data sets
for HES-CW algorithm and model development.
• Airborne system:
– Hyperspectral imager that can be binned to the HES-CW bands
– Flown at high altitude for minimum of 10 km swath
– Endurance to collect repeat flight lines every half hour for up to 6 hours
• Planned experimental sites:
– Monterey Bay Fall 2006 (coastal upwelling, HABs)
– New York/Mid Atlantic Bight 2007 (river input, urban aerosols)
– Gulf Coast 2008 (Mississippi Plume, Loop Current, HABs)
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Proposed Experiments to collect simulated
HES-CW data (2 of 2)
• Experimental Design:
– Choose sites with IOOS or other long term monitoring and modeling
activities
– Intensive effort for 2 weeks to assure that all essential parameters are
measured:
- Supplement standard measurements at the site with shipboard or
mooring measurements of water-leaving radiance, optical properties
and products expected from HES-CW algorithms,
- Additional atmospheric measurements as needed to validate
atmospheric correction parameters,
- As needed, enhance modeling efforts to include bio-optical models
that will utilize HES-CW data.
– Aircraft overflights for at least four clear days and one partially cloudy
day (to evaluate cloud clearing) during the two week period.
- High altitude to include 90% or more of the atmosphere
- 30 min repeat flight lines for up to 6 hours to provide a time series for
models and to evaluate changes with time of day (illumination,
phytoplankton physiology, etc.)
• All data to be processed and then distributed over the Web for all
users to test and evaluate algorithms and models.
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Summary
• HES-CW will provide an excellent new tool for the characterization and
management of the coastal ocean.
• Risk Reduction activities focus on calibration and algorithm development;
– Initially provide SeaWiFS and MODIS heritage calibration and algorithms;
– 2006-2008 field experiments to develop example HES-CW data for
- algorithm development and testing,
- Coordination with IOOS for in-situ data and coastal ocean models,
- Demonstrate terabyte web-based data system.
– Major focus on developing advanced algorithms that take advantage of
HES-CW unique characteristics.
• Efforts coordinated with NOAA ORA, NMFS and NOS with a focus on
meeting their operational needs.
Special thanks to Mark Abbott, Ted Strub, Amy Vandehey and the COAST for
their hard work getting this program started.
Thanks to NOAA for funding and particularly to Stan Wilson, John Pereira,
Eric Bayler and Paul Menzel for their support and guidance.
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