Transcript Colruyt
Colruyt Core Beliefs Catholicism Right to Privacy Social Action by church State Responsibility Right private property Right(c)of workers Marius Janson 1 Colruyt Cont’d Living Wage Job Security Worker Responsibility (c) Marius Janson 2 Colruyt Socialism/Marxism Learn to question ideas Learn to argue rationality Reject rationality as sole determinant Accept Emotionality Question different models (c) Marius Janson 3 Colruyt Post Modernism Marxism and Catholicism are two Grand Narratives which individuals use to explain the world and direct action Modernism “in any science which legitimizes itself by referring to some grand narrative such as the rational subject” (c) Marius Janson 4 Colruyt Cont’d A work or view becomes postmodern if it was first modern Post modernism is XXX and recurrent (c) Marius Janson 5 Colruyt Post modernism does not hold in inevitable progress arising from human action Rationally argued positions do not constitute the totality of knowledge Lyotarch holds that discussion and conflict lead to new inventions Dissension is kept alive by equal access for all to information (c) Marius Janson 6 Colruyt Cont’d Message interpretation is contextual and fluid and culturally dependent Need information from multiple sources Flemish and French cultures (c) Marius Janson 7 Colruyt Communication “It is urgent that we learn to communicate. Check whether words mean the same for all parties; they seldom do. …achieve understanding of the position of the other…” Business Model: +10 -10 1 (c) Marius Janson 8 Colruyt Role of IT Organize operations around the computer What we cannot do with the computer we won’t do at all IT has commercial consequences: Some products cannot be sold. (c) Marius Janson 9 Colruyt ISID …how do I stay informed? I turn on my monitor and scan memos which upper management have received and sent. I scan one hundred memos and that gives me good insight in to the issues. Then I make my rounds…. (c) Marius Janson 10 Colruyt ISID …to understand society one needs many models - economic, social, capitalistic, Marxist, etc. They embody a collective intelligence which is activated by open communication among individuals. It occurs in meetings, on the telephone and by using ISID. Communication is key to company success…. (c) Marius Janson 11 Colruyt ISD a) User describes how IS improves the job performance b) Calculate IS contribution to company c) Calculate IS development cost d) Calculate how much he is willing to pay for IS development (c) Marius Janson 12 Colruyt Cont’d e) Calculate maintenance cost The request goes to steering committee and then to IS department (c) Marius Janson 13 Colruyt First the IS department planned IS development and selected projects Second the users selected the systems Led to an enormous increase in IS development (c) Marius Janson 14 Colruyt Outsourcing “Because of the huge outlays the role of the IS department and outsourcing have been debated vigorously. In the end we concluded that outsourcing inevitably leads to a loss of control.” (c) Marius Janson 15 Colruyt Work Roles “…shows me a competition’s flyer, stating a lower price, then I give an immediate price reduction.” Clerks also exercise power over job choice customer checkout reshelving (c) Marius Janson 16 Colruyt Cont’d Decision Making Independent decisions group decisions Consensus/Dissensus (c) Marius Janson 17 Colruyt Emotions “Someone says, “I feel discouraged you backed me into the corner.” That person speaks about his emotions. When others understand these emotions that creates an environment for human interaction. Rationality and emotionality should be open for discussion. (c) Marius Janson 18 Colruyt Corporate Norms Incorrect Flemish/French translation. Led to unpleasant exchange of ire between translator and employee. Colruyt intervened and set limits to exchange. Criticizing is fine but no invectives. (c) Marius Janson 19 Colruyt Development and Training 1) Questioning during meetings about situation, decisions, and rationality of assertions create high levels of stress and safeguards are needed to keep stress within acceptable limits. (c) Marius Janson 20 Colruyt 2) Training involves self-empowerment self-expression assertiveness communicative competence (c) Marius Janson 21 Colruyt Organizational Structure 1) Hierarchical but flat 2) Functional groups that form around a specific problem and then disband 3) Management does not emphasize the hierarchy 4) Power is not assigned from the top but instead acquired by individuals (c) Marius Janson 22 Traditional Supermarket *Modernism, which is based on the concepts of instrumental rationality, informs the company's ideology. *Socialization of the individual into larger group entities. *Fordism-mass production and mass marketing of homogeneous products. *The aim is mass consumption of a limited assortment of products. Colruyt Discount Supermarket *Postmodernism, which is based on questioning the grand narratives, informs the company's ideology. *Attention is on the individual. *Postfordism-small batch production of many heterogeneous products and niche marketing. *The aim is individualized production and selective consumption from among a very large assortment of products. *Rigid organizational structures coupled with top- *Flexible organizational structures couple with down command structures and bottom-up networked command and networked communicative structures. communicative structures. *The organizational structures are based on *The organizational structures are based on bureaucratic concepts. democratic concepts. *Employees mistrust management. *Employees trust management. *Planning - short term. *Planning - long term. *Spatial centralization - product pricing on system- *Spatial decentralization - product pricing is wide basis. determined on a store-by-store basis. *Managerial decision making - consensus seeking. *Managerial decision making - consent seeking. *Managerial decision making - rationalism. *Managerial decision making deconstructionalism. (c) Marius Janson 23 Table 2. Labour Structure Traditional supermarket Colruyt discount supermarket Employees focus on a single task with a high degree of task demarcation Employees focus on multiple tasks with a low degree of task demarcation Employees have little formal education Employees have much formal education-store clerks have high school diplomas and managers possess university degrees Little on-the-job training Much on-the-job training Little job rotation An extensive job rotation policy Limited worker job responsibility Extensive worker responsibility-clerks perform multiple assignments ranging from checkout duty to reshelving and cleaning the store=s interior Limited worker empowerment Extensive worker empowerment-clerks decide when and how to perform their multiple job responsibilities A hierarchical management structure with decision making located at the top of the organization A flat management structure with decision making throughout the organization Limited job security for full-time employees Much job security for full-time employees High employee turnover Little employee turnover Homogeneous labour markets Heterogeneous labour markets No job security for part-time employees *Adapted from Clegg (1990) (c) Marius Janson 24 Figure 1: Approximate Colruyt Organization Chart President and Board of Directors Director Personnel Director Warehousing Director Food Distribution Director Technical Services Director Sales District Manager Store Manager Section Manager Shop-Floor Employees Shop-Floor Employees (c) Marius Janson 25 Table 3. Interactive System for Information Dissemination Characteristics and specifications Monthly volume Documents: 100,000 Printed pages: 1 100,000 Response time On-line documents: 1 second Archived documents: 15 seconds Data base storage Recent documents: direct access storage Old archive: optical disk Data base structure Three VSAM file types: Glossary: Keywords, Document numbers Text: Texts, Documents numbers Title: Keywords, Document numbers Document search On keyword with Boolean operators Document confidentiality Restricted: Keywords and contents accessible only to individuals named in the document Nonconfidential: Keywords and contents accessible to anyone Document access Terminals Restricted: 5% Confidential: 15% Nonconfidential: 80% Total number: 700 (c)Per Marius Janson store: 3 26 Subject Product offered Traditional Supermarket Wide product assortment offered in standard package sizes. Inventory is replenished periodically. Supply driven inventory policies. Stockouts are infrequent. Store Environment Aesthetically pleasing store interior. the intended message - a pleasing store interior corresponds to quality products. Customer assistance is limited to friendly service at the checkout. Support Average to long customer waiting times are the rule. Policy on Cost reduction Cost reductions are achieved by paying low wages, few benefits, and by using many part-time employees. Adapted by Clegg (1990) Colruyt Discount Supermarket Extensive product assortment offered at belowcompetitor cost and in many different package sizes made possible by using IT. IT-based daily inventory replenishment. Demand driven inventory policies using IT-based historical customer purchasing figures. Stockouts are rare Sober store interior lacking any but the most basic architectural features. The intended message - a sober store interior enables low prices. Clients receive IT-based assistance throughout the store. Clients are assumed capable of making rational purchasing decisions when provided the correct and right amount of information - product contents, product unit cost, and product preparation guidelines. Short customer waiting times made possible by extensive IT application - during slack times checkout clerks restock shelves. Cost reductions are achieved by employing few but mainly full-time employees, by improving employee and organizational efficiency and effectiveness, and by bargaining for large-volume based product cost reductions. (c) Marius Janson 27