Transcript ACMECS and Thailand Dr. Porametee Vimolsiri Senior Advisor

Office of The National Economic and Social Development Board
ACMECS and Thailand
Dr. Porametee Vimolsiri
Senior Advisor
Workshop on Investment, Trade and Transport Facilitation
in ACMECS
Outline
• Overview of ACMECS
• Priority Areas : Existing Condition &
Constraints
- Trade & Investment
- Transport
• How to overcome?
- Role of Thailand
ACMECS
Myanmar
Lao
PDR
Thailand
Andaman sea
Vietnam
Cambodia
Siam Gulf
South China
Sea
Members : Cambodia LaoPDR
Myanmar Thailand and Viet Nam
Population : 213 mil.
Areas :
1.94 mil. Kms2
Total GDP :
225,110 mil. USD
Established since 2003
Initiated and Drived by member
countries
Rationale : Why We need ACMECS?
Korea
Afghanistan
China
Pakistan
India
Japan
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Laos
Thailand
Vietnam
Cambodia
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Malaysia
Brunei
Singapore
Indonesia
Existing Forum --- GMS/BIMSTEC/IMT-GT/JDS
15 Year of Cooperation : Much Progress on Transport ;
Software for Trade and Investment are in Process
Competitiveness
Connectivity
Connectivity
Competitiveness
- Trade Facilitation/
Trade Logistics
Community
Private Participation
- Development Partners
Social + Global
- Infrastructure Utilization
- Economic Corridors
- ACMECS (Sister Cities)
- Cross-border Transport Agreement
- Single Stop Inspection
Software Development
Hardware Development
GMS
Master Plan
Formulation
1992
1993
- Road Network Connectivity
- Power Grid Line
1994
1995 1996
1997
2001 2002
2005
2012
Imbalance of Economic and Social
Development
GMS Country
Poverty Incidence* (%)
Gini Coefficient**
1992
2004
1992
2004
39
36
0.37
0.45
23.8
7.9
0.31
0.35
43
32.7
0.29
0.37
MYANMAR
N/A
22.9
THAILAND
23.2
9.8
0.54
0.5
58.1
28.9
0.18
0.2
CAMBODIA
PRC
LAOPDR
VIET NAM
* Based on National Poverty Line
N/A
N/A
** Measures Degree to Which an Economy’s Income Distribution Diverges from Perfect Equal Distribution
GDP Per Capita (PPP) Y2005
1993
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
394
400
332
326
300
296
200
0
Thailand
Yunnan PRC
Viet Nam
Lao PDR
Myanmar
Cambodia
Underutilization of ACMECS Core Value
Important development
Agenda
GMS -- Connectivity
Competitiveness
Community
ACMECS –
BIMSTEC -New Emerging Economies
Poverty Eradication
Anti Terrorism
Co-Production, Sister
Cities
JDS – Stability &Security
IMT-GT –Avail Influenza
Energy Tsunami
Earthquake Security
Development Strategy of ACMECS
PRC
Myanmar
Chiang Rai
Mukdahan Savannakhet
MaeSodMyawaddy
Danang
Yangon
Andaman Sea
Develop Sister Cities
as a production bases
Lao PDR
BKK.
Cambodia
Vietnam
NSEC
SEC
Trad- Koh Kong
Hochiminh City
Gulf of Thailand
EWEC
Co-Production Concept
MYAMAR City
SMEs by
Industrial Clusters
Border Line
Road Link
Checkpoint
SMEs by
Industrial Clusters
THAI City
Border Market
Economic Zone
ACMECS : Goals & Benefits
 Bridge the economic gap among the four countries and
Promote prosperity in the sub-region in a sustainable
manner.
 Transform the border areas of the five countries into
zones of economic growth, social progress and
prosperity, and to blend local, national and regional
interests for common benefits, shared prosperity,
enhanced solidarity, peace, stability and good
neighborliness.
 Act as a catalyst to build upon existing regional
cooperation programs, and complement bilateral
frameworks, and move ASEAN forward
Trade and Investment
Trade Opportunity: Intra-GMS
Likewise, tremendous potential for intra-GMS trade has been shown during the past decade.
MYA
THA
LAO
CAM
VIE
PRCyn
Population (million)
54.4
64.2
5.8
13.1
82.1
44.2
GDP per Capita
(Current, $)
176
2,544
406
348
500
681
1990s
% Intra-GMS trade
to total trade
2004
Note: Population and GDP per capita in 2004
Source: ADB
1. Cost of Starting/Doing
Business
• Doing business in the GMS takes more time
and resources on the average compared to
other countries in the region
(56-198 Days Vs 52 days)
• Lack of Sufficient/Standard
Information
• Difficulties in Finding Focal Point and
Partners
2. Regulatory Impediments
Legal and regulatory framework for trade is largely
primitive or restrictive in most ACMECS countries
Difference in Level of Development among countries
leads to the protection of domestic market
A number of quantitative restrictions, such as import
licensing, and other non-tariff measures still exist
Non- Tariff Barriers (NTBs)
2. Regulatory Impediments (2)
Inter-country and intra-country differences in rules
and procedures i.e. Customs
Inherent weaknesses in the system of recording
&monitoring border trade, including transit trade.
Phenomenon Expansion of Informal Trade
Inconsistency in Implementation of laws & regulations
(National-wide and Regional-wide)
Transparency of the Procedures
3. Trade Logistics
Inefficient multimodal transport infrastructure
Ineffective logistic system i.e. competitive carriers
and service providers; competent transport
intermediaries; and fast, efficient, and transparent
cross-border procedures
Relatively High Cost
Less Competitiveness in Global Value Chain
4. Institutions/Private Sector
institutions and organizations dealing with and
supporting business remain underdeveloped.
Financial institutions often have very restricted
lending practices to private businesses.
Educational and technical support institutions are
understaffed, ill equipped, and unable to meet the
demands of modern industry.
Business associations are relatively weak.
Less Competitiveness in Global Value Chain/Network
Insufficient Capacity Building for Private Sector
Transport
Road Transport Network
2005
2015
Key Issues and Challenges
• Equitable sharing of benefits and
costs of regional projects
• Financing of needed infrastructure
investments
• Structuring public-private partnerships
• Managing risks i.e. currency,
investment risks, socio-economic
impact of the project
• Sustainable development in transport
i.e. maintenance, capacity building, etc.
How to Achieve ?
Thailand’s Role in ACMECS
As an Active Member
Initiate ACMECS; Build Network with Development
Partners; Act as Virtual Secretariat; Create Efficient
Mechanism for Cooperation i.e. AWG; Border Committee
As a Development Partners
Provide Technical Assistances through TICA; Financial
Assistances through NEDA; Implement Various Projects
under Plan of Actions
As a Business Supporter
Create ACMECS Business Council; Create Favorable
Business Environment through Various Development
Projects; Simplified Complicate Business Process and
Lower Logistics Cost.
Economic Activities Along the Corridors
Myanmar
Yangon
Lao PDR.
Thailand
Chiang Rai
SBEZ
Vietnam
Sea Port
10,000-15,000DWT
Mukdahan Savan-Seno
Khon Kaen
Tak SBEZ
Logistics Center/IE
Mawlamying
Distribution
Center
SEZ
Dansavan Lao Bao SEZ
(World Heritage)
Pitsanulok
Dong Ha
Logistics Center
Bangkok
Hue
Da Nang
(Tourism)
Deep Sea Port
35,000 DWT and
Dung Quat IE
Aranyaprathet Poipet
Ho Chi Minh
Phnom Penh
Trad
Koh Kong
กัมพูชา
Malaysia
Kota-Perdana
Vung Tao
Deep Sea Port
Thailand’s Assistances to Neighboring Countries
Kunming
Myanmar
16 Projects
Total 7,792 mil. baht
7
14
Yangon
13
12 Dawei
Construction & Improvement
of
Roads, Bridges, Railways,
Airports and Local Ports
PRC
1
2 5
4
LaoPRC.
Thailand
3 8
9
Danang
10
Trat
11
6
Cambodia
Viet Nam
Vung Tau
Joint Utilization of Airport
Savannakhet - Mukdahan
Flagship Initiatives:
Cross-border Transport Agreement
Single Stop Inspection
The Negotiation of All Annexes& Protocols
has been finalized and Signed by March 2007,
waiting for the ratification from countries.
After ratification, full implementation of CBTA
has scheduled in 2008
First Step
Second Step
One Stop Service
For CBTA in Thailand
First step : Mukdahan,
Aranyaprathet , Mae Sai, Mae Sot
Second Step : Nong Khai, Chiang
Kong, Chong Mek and Trat
Thailand can Provide Assistance
in Customs &Cross Broder
Management to CLMV
Industrial Estate and Economic Zone under ACMECS
Thialand’s Border
Economic Zone
1.Tak SBEZ
2.Chiang
Rai SBEZ
Industrial Estate
Establishment
Thailand provide
assistance to Myanmar
LaoPDR and Cambodia
Savan Xeno
SBEZ
Chiang Rai SBEZ
Mae Sot SBEZ
and IE in
Myawaddy
Pa-an
Mawlamyine and
Maw Taung
Koh Kong
Industrial
Estate
Existing Thailand’s SBEZ and
IEAT’s projects in CLM Countries
Other Attempts to Support ACMECS
Agriculture
Single VISA
Facilitation of Import & MOU of Contract Farming;
R&D on field crops,livestocks, SPS Tech Transfer
Thailand and Cambodia as a Pilot Project;
Details had finalized, will signed MOU in 2007
Trading
OSS at 10 Checkpoints in THA; Study of
Wholesales Market & Distribution Centers in
Cambodia; Providing AISP for CLMV products
Use of Local Currencies
BOT’s Study finished.Implementing pilot projects
at Commercial Banks at Thai-Lao borders.
Energy Security
Capacity Building
Community
Regional Power Grids, Alternatives Energy i.e.
Biofules,Biomass,Hydropower
Scholarship provided by Thailand and VN for
Vocational Trainings and Other Areas
Implementing Sister Cities; Coordination
Mechanisms Established at the Local Level
ACMECS Business Council at Local Level
ACMECS Midterm Review (Cebu, January 2007)
1
Approved New Version of Plan of Actions and Promote Networking
with Development Partners on resources mobilization
2
Expedite Investment to Complete ACMECS Transportation Network
and software to facilitate movement of goods, people, and tourism
3
Closer Relationship among Stakeholders i.e. Sister Cities, Central
local government, Government & Private, People to People
4
Priority Issues i.e. Contract Farming, Establishment of Rice
Producing Countries Association, Alternative Energy i.e. NGV,
Hydropower and Biofules, Public Health
Thank you
www.nesdb.go.th