Transcript Chapter 6 Using Verbs The Principal Parts of a Verb, Verb Tense, and

Chapter 6
Using Verbs
The Principal Parts of a Verb,
Verb Tense, and
Progressive and Emphatic Forms
The Principal Parts…
• Every verb has FOUR
principal parts:
»Present,
–Present Participle,
–Past, and
–Past Participle
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past
Participle
jump
(is) jumping
jumped
(has) jumped
Regular Verbs
• A regular verb is a verb whose form does
not change when it is used in past or
present tense.
Ex. talk (present) + ed = talked (past and past
participle)
• The past and past participle of a regular
verb are formed by adding –ed or –d to the
present.
Irregular Verbs
• Unlike regular verbs, irregular verbs, like
taught, are formed some other way than
by adding –ed or –d.
(Look at the chart on p. 131 for a list of
irregular verbs)
Irregular Verbs (continued)
• Irregular verbs can be classified into five groups:
• Group One: the forms of the present, past,
and past participle remains the same.
Present
Past
Past
Participle
hurt
hurt
(have) hurt
• Group Two: The forms of the past and the
past participle are the same.
Present
Past
Past
Participle
say
said
(have) said
Irregular Verbs (continued)
• Group Three: the vowel changes from I, to
a, to u.
Present
Past
Past
Participle
sink
sank
(have) sunk
• Group Four: the past participle is formed
by adding –n or –en to the PAST.
Present
Past
Past
Participle
steal
stole
(have) stolen
Verb Tense
• A tense is a verb form that shows the
time of an action or condition.
“Hmm. Verb
tenses are very
interesting.”
Types of Tenses: Simple and
Perfect
• There are SIX tenses in English: present,
past, future, present perfect, past perfect,
and future perfect.
He dances. [present]
He danced. [past]
He will dance. [future]
He has danced. [present perfect]
He had danced. [past perfect]
He will have danced. [future perfect]
Present Tense
• The present tense shows an ACTION or
CONDITION that occurs in the present,
regularly, and is constant or generally true.
Examples:
Nancy sees the rabbit hopping in the grass.
[occurs in the present]
She always uses binoculars when we go
site-seeing.
[occurs regularly]
Rabbits are animals.
[is constant or generally true]
Past Tense
• The past tense shows an ACTION or
CONDITION that occurred in the past.
Example:
Janie bought a CD at the store.
Future Tense
• The future tense shows an ACTION or
CONDITION that will occur in the future.
Example:
Janie will listen to the CD in the car.
Present Perfect Tense
• The present perfect tense shows an
ACTION or CONDITION that began in the
past and continues into the present.
• To form the perfect tense, add has or have
to the past participle of a verb.
Examples:
I have seen this movie before.
[singular]
They have bathed before.
[plural]
Past Perfect Tense
• The past perfect tense shows an
ACTION in the past that came before
another action or condition in the past.
• To form the past perfect tense, add had to
the past participle of a verb.
Examples:
John won the race in the car whose
carburetor he had rebuilt.
[singular]
We had bathed before.
[plural]
Future Perfect Tense
• The future perfect tense shows an ACTION
that will occur before another action or condition
in the future.
• To form the future perfect tense, add will plus
have to the past participle of a verb.
Examples:
By August, you will have learned how to swim.
[singular]
By Friday, they will have bathed many
times.
[plural]
REMEMBER…
Perfect tense tells a listener or a reader that the
act has been completed. Therefore, you can
think of the word perfect as meaning completed.
When they end determines which tense you use.
Let’s Practice!
• I have fallen before.
• By November, I will have flown overseas ten
times.
• I had flown on an airplane before.
• I threw it yesterday.
• I live in a complex society.
Let’s Practice! (continued)
• I had driven the Mustang before.
• I have done it before.
• By next year, I will have sold fifty houses.
• I will go to town tomorrow.
• Julie came to town yesterday.