Transcript WEB Wind Energy for the Built Environment (Project WEB) Overview

Wind Energy for the Built Environment
(Project WEB)
WEB
Overview
Objective
To develop, demonstrate and evaluate techniques for
integrating wind energy into the urban environment, closer to
WEB
the consumers of power.
WEB
Urban Wind Energy Conversion Systems (UWECS)
Wind Energy for the Built Environment (Project WEB)
• 2 year research project (completed September 2000)
• Part funded by the EC under JOULE III
• 4 partners from Germany, Netherlands & UK
WEB
• Total Budget €1,100,000 (£700,000)
WEB
Partnership
WEB
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs)
WEB
Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs)
Real projects
• Small turbines
• Low power output
• Low level of integration
WEB
• Low environmental impact
Conceptual projects
• Larger turbines
• Higher power output
• Higher level of integration
WEB
• Environmental impact ?
Wind farms near urban locations
• Large turbines
• Off-shore & On-shore
• Sited away from buildings
WEB
• Environmental impact ?
Rules of thumb
• building(s) must be energy efficient
• turbines should contribute significantly to annual energy demand
WEB
• the development must not be detrimental to the local environment
Generic options
• Sensitive siting of stand-alone wind turbines,
which can supply surrounding buildings.
• Retro-fitting wind turbines
onto existing buildings.
WEB
• Fully-integrating wind turbines into a building,
such that they drive the architectural form.
WEB
Siting of stand-alone wind turbines
WEB
Suspending a turbine from a building
Challenges
• close proximity to people & property (environmental impact)
• wind speeds are lower in urban areas (less power in the wind)
• marrying the aesthetics of wind turbines & buildings
• shape & orientation of buildings constrained by actual site
WEB
• buildings cannot turn to face into the prevailing wind
WEB
Principles of Wind Enhancement
WEB
Natural wind enhancement
Artificial wind enhancement
WEB
Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWTs)
WEB
Planned wind enhancement
Wind regime of cities & towns
• wind rarely blows strongly from
a single prevailing direction all year
• integrated turbine must harvest wind
WEB
from a wide range of directions
Criteria for aerodynamic studies
• conventional & optimised building shapes
• wind tunnel & CFD (computational fluid dynamics)
WEB
• integrated design approach
WEB
Wind tunnel & flow visualisation experiments
WEB
Wind velocity profiles
Non-aerodynamic block shaped buildings
WEB
• suspended turbines only perform well for certain wind directions
WEB
Aerodynamic twin tower buildings
WEB
Wind enhancement between aerodynamic towers
WEB
Flow visualisation techniques
WEB
Prototype 3-D Designs for twin tower building
WEB
Wind Enhancement between aerodynamic towers (infills)
WEB
Vibration problems
Streamlined prototype suspensions
Architectural ideal
WEB
Structural prototype
Key environmental impacts
• visual
• public safety (& the perception of safety)
WEB
• noise
Visual impacts
WEB
Computer generated images & animations
Public safety
WEB
Visible safety devices to enhance both safety & the perception of safety
Noise emission and propagation from UWECS
Noise sources:
• aerodynamic
WEB
• mechanical
WEB
Simulation of noise propagation from a UWECS
WEB
Simulation of noise propagation in an urban area
WEB
Architectural concepts
WEB
Multi-turbine twin tower building
Multi-turbine twin tower building
Aerial View
WEB
Interior of infills or ‘sky lobby’
WEB
Omni-directional tower building
WEB
Omni-directional tower building
Configurations to be field-tested
Between
Twin Towers
Between Towers
with Infills
WEB
Stand-Alone
WEB
Performance of stand-alone machines
WEB
Performance of HAWT (with infills)
Environmental impacts - external and internal
Aerial View
WEB
Interior of infills or ‘sky lobby’
Dissemination
•Posted on Cordis
•Wrote a Book (based on publishable report)
•International Workshop on the Prototype Site
(Harwell)
•Invited Press, Researchers, Practitioners
•11 September 2001 !
•RE Focus, New Scientist (+ www links)
•Then a Project Gained a Life of Its Own ...
WEB
•Published a WEB Book
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
WEB
Dissemination
Dissemination Summary
•Conference Icon - Rebuilding of WTC New York
•4 TV Programs Regional to Global
•Over 50 Articles: Chile to New Zealand, Japan, etc.
•We almost got sued
•We almost sued the same people that wanted to sue us
•Over 200 queries, now 2-3 per week
•One follow-up research project
WEB
•Three possible commercial projects
WEB
The End