The untapped Water and Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Municipal Water Systems
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Transcript The untapped Water and Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Municipal Water Systems
The untapped Water and
Energy Efficiency
Opportunities in Municipal
Water Systems
Mike Rabe
City Energy Strategies
Conference
19 - 21 November 2003
Cape Town
Who is the Alliance to Save
Energy ?
U.S. based NGO coalition of prominent business,
government, environmental and consumer leaders
who promote the efficient and clean use of energy
worldwide to benefit the environment, economy,
and major stakeholders
Expertise in Building, Industrial, International,
Financing, Utility, Water and Energy management,
Policy, Market Development, and Education
sectors
Over 70 Alliance Associates
Alliance runs programmes in many countries
around the world
What is the relationship
between water and energy?
In many water supply systems (water and
wastewater), energy represents the single
biggest input cost in the final delivered
product
Wasted Water = Wasted Energy Resources
Addressing inefficiencies in systems results in
substantial water savings and hence also
substantial energy savings
Therefore substantial quantities of energy can be
saved within municipal water systems
What does the Alliance do?
Initiated the ‘Watergy Programme’ in various
European countries, Brazil, India, Mexico, and
South Africa
Watergy underway as a programme in four
S.A. cities, funded by USAID
Helps set up Efficiency Management teams
Assists in accessing financial resources
Co-manages the implementation of technical
improvements to water systems
Disseminates best practice through case
studies
What does the Alliance plan to do
in South Africa?
Leak reduction programmes
Pressure Management
Planning and setting up Energy Efficiency cells
Biogas utilization
Water audits and benchmarking,
in Buffalo City, Mogale City, Sol Plaatje
and Polokwane
What are the challenges to this
programme?
Lack of information
Lack of capacity
Lack of financial resource
Context within S.A.
Much change within municipal environment
over the last 10 years
Focus on many issues except perhaps efficiency
Extension of service delivery to low income
areas is critically needed but cannot be
expanded sufficiently due to constraints on
resources
=>A solution to this constraint is to create
efficiencies within the existing systems
The Solution-Watergy Efficiency
Supply Side Efficiency
Measures
WATERGY
Comprehensive
Demand /Supply Side
Approach Synergies
Demand Side Efficiency
Measures
Consumers
Residential/Industrial
Efficiency
Watergy
Efficiency
seeks to cost
effectively deliver
water services
while minimizing
water and energy
use.
=
Water supply systems offer
multiple opportunities to
directly reduce water and
energy waste while better
serving the customers’
needs
___________________
•Leak and Loss
Reduction
•Operations &
Maintenance
•Pumping systems
•Primary/secondary
wastewater treatment
•Pressure Management
•Preventative Maintenance
+
Reducing demand by
helping the consumer use
water more efficiently
decreases the required
water supply saving both
energy and water
__________________
•Water efficient
household appliances
•Metering, billing and
credit control
•Low-flow plumbing
fixtures
•Industrial water reuse
•Leak and water
waste reduction
•Aligning Level of Service
to affordability
+
Looking at a water system
comprehensively and
making sure efficiency
projects are designed in
tandem creates even
greater efficiency
opportunities
_____________________
•Right sizing pump systems
after reducing consumer
demand
•Identified cascading
effects of efficiencies
•Avoided wastewater
treatment by promoting
reuse and reducing
demand
•Embed principles in
building codes
Synergies resulting from comanaging water and energy
resources
Reduce Costs
Improve affordability / sustainability
Allows for expansion of service delivery
footprint
Cuts Air Pollution
Improve Public Health
Upgrade Water and Energy Services
Minimize Strain on Natural Resources
Reduce or Eliminate Major Capital
Investment
What can Municipalities do to
Promote Watergy Efficiency?
Create management infrastructure (people aspect,
competency and capacity)
Expand bulk water metering and monitoring
systems (procedures)
Develop baselines and metrics (benchmarking)
Carry out facility assessments (systems audit)
Establish goals and record success
Develop an action plan for addressing waste
Seek outside assistance
Mobilize community action
Management and leadership are key
Supply Side and Demand Side
Intervention
Supply Side:
Addressing leaks
low c-value (high friction) for pipes
improper system layout
system over-design
incorrect equipment selection
old, outdated equipment
Lack of preventative and proactive maintenance
Poor reactive maintenance
wastage of usable water
inefficient pumps and motors, correcting power factors
Pressure management
Load shifting
Supply Side and Demand Side
Intervention (cont.)
Demand Side:
Metering, billing and revenue collection
Retrofitting water efficient household appliances
including toilets
Industrial water reuse
Leak and water waste reduction
Efficient basin Aerators
Efficient washing appliances
Matching service level provision to affordability
Xeriscaping
Drip Irrigation
Rebate installation programmes
Case Study: Results of a co-ordinated supply and
demand side approach to water services in the
Kagiso area of Mogale City
Results/Benefits
Substantial water and energy savings
Efficiencies created
Reduced sewage flows
Reduced cost of sewage treatment
(quantitative and qualitative)
Increased payment percentages for wet
services
Postponement of substantial CAPEX
Another key principle: Efficiency
attracts development
The case of SAB-Miller in Mogale City:
SAB-Miller represents the single biggest user of
water in Mogale City (10% of total) and hence also
the single biggest source of revenue from water for
the City
Water is the largest input cost into brewing beer
Creating efficiencies=>reduces cost of water to the
end-user=>attracts future national expansion in
capacity of SAB-Miller
SAVE WATER – DRINK BEER !!!
Industrial Demand Side
Approaches
Water Reuse
Austin,Texas is developing an entire piping system
for recaptured water to be used in a large variety of
industrial and irrigation purposes throughout the
city saving 150 million liter per day
California reuses over 160 billion gallons of water
for irrigation and industries
eThekwini Municipality has implemented an
industrial water reuse project
Demand-Side Action Case of
Toronto Canada
Goal- Reduce peak water demand and waste
water treatment by 15 (220 million liters per
day) percent by 2015
Motivation- Demand is predicted to outstrip
supply in 10-15 years dictating the need for
costly infrastructure investments
Process- Created a cross sectional water
efficiency team with both demand and supply
side expertise
Case of Toronto Canada
Actions
Leak reduction program- reduced 30 million liters
per day
Low flow toilet installation program
Horizontal Washing machine program
Industrial capacity buy-back program
Results
Efficiency measures cost 1/3 of building new
capacity
Other examples in S.A.
Operation Gcin’amanzi project in Soweto
Khayalitsha pressure management
project
eThekwini optimization of water system
Least cost planning as adapted to the
Western Highveld
----- keep listening!!!
For More Information
Mike Rabe
[email protected]
27 11 416 3015
or
Seth Baruch at the
Alliance to Save Energy
[email protected]
www.ase.org