Transcript planning Residential Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 (Highlights)

Residential planning
Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 (Highlights)
Space Planning
Two basic kinds of knowledge
are needed:
1. Knowing what things
need to be included
(partitions, rooms,
furnishings and
accessories)
2. How to organize those
things to achieve a
functional and
perceptually good
solution.
Space Planning
• Fixed architectural elements
are typically given and
cannot be changed,
(structural columns)
• Interior architectural
elements (doors, partitions,
etc.)
• Furnishings (FF&E) (lighting,
equipment, etc.)
Concepts of Accommodation
Accommodating humans and their needs is a complex task.
Seven universal concepts related to the arrangement of
people and their environments
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Insider / Outsider
Hierarchical Arrangement
Individuals vs. community
Invitation vs. rejection
Openness versus enclosure
Integration vs. segregation
Combination vs. dispersion
Individual / Community
Invitation / Rejection
Openness / Enclosure
Integration / Segregation
Combination / Dispersion
Anatomy of a Space Plan
• Producing a good plan is not
an easy task
• Requires trial and error and
may refinements
• When asking someone “what
do you see” they will state
the obvious – kitchen, size.
• Designers note more: such as
Efficiency, flow, correct
placement of rooms, shape of
rooms, etc.
The Good Room
To design a good project, you need
to design good individual rooms
that are functional, with adequate
space to support the furniture and
equipment.
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2.
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4.
5.
Envelope
Contents
Connections
Flow
Scale
5 Principles of
Room Design
• What size and shape
should this room be?
• What furnishings and
accessories are needed?
• How should these be
arranged?
• How should people enter
and move through the
room?
• How should the room
connect to the exterior?
Shape & Proportion
• Not many shapes and
proportions will produce a
good room.
• Rectangular rooms are the
most common.
• Avoid overly long and
narrow rooms.
• If the length of a room
exceed its width, the
proportion becomes
uncomfortably narrow in
relation to its length.
Windows
• Always consider the
windows when
placing furniture
• They provide views,
natural lighting, but
can also cause
glare, too much
heat or a bad view
• Decide on a case by
case basis
Circulation
• Entry point
• Main space
• Clearances
• Exit points
Strive for efficient, fluid
and discrete paths that
allow multiple furniture
configurations
Circulation Principles
Residential Zones
• Social: public area and
most used portion of the
home. Comprised of the
entry, family room, living
room, media room, game
room, etc.
• Private: Areas such as the
bedroom, bathrooms, etc.
• Work: Kitchen, laundry,
HVAC, storage, office, etc.
Most of these areas should
not be in direct view of
guests (except the kitchen).
Evaluating the plan
 Traffic patterns
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How do you move from room to room?
Does traffic flow through the conversation areas?
Does traffic flow through meal preparation area?
Does guest traffic flow through private areas?
Is there a good flow from a service entrance?
Note: when evaluating a plan or home, don’t let the beauty of
the architecture, furnishings and accessories distract your
judgment.
Evaluating the plan
 Look for poorly located doors, windows and closets.
 Are they conveniently located or do they interfere with good
furniture arrangements and traffic patterns.
 Is there adequate storage space inside and out?
 Is the plan effectively oriented on the site?
 Climate control
 Privacy/views
 Garage door openings (to side)
 Look for adjacencies of rooms.
 Do they function in relation to each other?
 Is the space appropriately allocated?
Common traffic considerations
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Kitchen, garage, mud room
Dining room to kitchen
Kitchen to service entrance
Laundry to bedrooms
Bedrooms to bathrooms
Considerations by area:
Entry: Provides the first
impression.
 No direct views into the
private zones or work
zones from the entry.
 Should have a coat closet
 Should not open directly
into living area
 Approximately 35 sq. feet
 Ability to view visitors
 lighting
Considerations by area:
Living areas, dining rooms, home offices
can be viewable from entry.
 Should have a focal point
 Good traffic flow – not through
conversation area
 Access to a guest bath or powder
room
 Should have ample wall space for
furniture placement
 Should not have direct view into
private zones - should have a corridor
that leads to the private zone
 Should not have direct view into work
zones
Considerations by area:
 Kitchen
 No traffic through the work triangle
(sink, cooktop and refrigerator)
 Garage access is nearby
 Appliance doors and cabinet doors
do not collide
 Panty is provided
 Kitchen should not be viewable
from entry
 Storage:
 Recommended 10% of total sq.
footage
 Location is convenient
 Separate closets for men and
women – walk-in ideal
Considerations by area:
 Dining Rooms should be
near the kitchen for ease of
clean up
 Surface, sideboard for
utensils, food etc.
 Consider how family eats
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Formal sit down
Informal sit down
Buffet style
Meals on the run
Young children
Consideration by area
Bedrooms (1/3 of our lives is spent in bed!)
 120 sq. feet desired, minimum of 70 sq.
feet required by code 90 sq. ft. allows for a
single bed, 120 allows for a double bed.
145 square feet
 Must have an operable window
 Closets can act as sound barriers –
minimum closet size is 24” deep by 5’ wide
 Locate remotely as possible from social
areas for privacy
 Sound insulation needed in walls if adjacent
to social areas
 Adequate wall space to plan furniture layout
 Door swings against wall
 Split plans are ideal
Considerations by area
Bathrooms (ideally a 3 bedroom should
have 2 full baths)
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Located in private zone, close to bedrooms
Use back-to-back plumbing
Compartmentalize in family bathrooms
Consider privacy in regard to windows (not
on front of house
Look at door swings – shouldn’t hit anyone
standing at a vanity
View into the bathroom ideally should not be
a direct view of a toilet
Nearby linen storage needed
Master suites often have separate tub and
shower
Minimum size is 5’ x 7’
FYI: Water closet is another name for a
toilet
Considerations by area:
Laundry room
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Venting access (25’max)
Out of view
Acoustic insulation
Drain and tile floor
recommended
Utility sink and clothes rod
Ironing station
Folding area
Can serve as a mud room
Freezer storage
Clothes drop in 2-story
homes or second floor
laundry room
Traffic pattern pitfalls
 Rooms that act as hallways
 Door locations that force circulation through
conversation areas
 Spaces that are too small to plan
 Traffic pattern through work areas that tend to be messy
 Hallways less than 3’ (ideally 3’-6”)
 Doors should open against a wall.
Floor Plans
 Open plans – concept developed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
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Less expensive to build
Space seems larger
Flexible layouts
Ideal for accessibility
Lacks privacy
sound
Floor Plans
 Closed Plans
 Spaces walled off and
have doors
 Provides more privacy
 Creates chopped up
plans
 Can control HVAC to
areas not used often
 Not easily accessible
 Less flexible for furniture
layouts
Types of Housing
 Single family detached:
represents a house with a yard –
requires more maintenance and
yard work. Examples: Ranch, 1 ½
story, two-story,, mobile home
 Attached dwellings share walls
with other residences and usually
don’t have a yard. Row houses,
town houses, garden homes, patio
home, apartments. Usually
windows and doors are placed on
front and back only.
 Multi-family such as high-rise
apartments. Lacks privacy, limited
on parking and usually no outdoor
space
House sizes
 Small: up to 1,500 sq. feet
 Medium: 1,500 – 3,000 sq. feet
 Large: Over 3,000 sq. feet
“Tiny House”
Ways to save money – through design
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Smaller sq. footage
Two-story homes
Back-to-back plumbing
Stacked fireplaces
Reduce number of dormer windows
Use simpler foundations (less jogs, simple rectangle)
Use standard sizes and finishes
Plan long-term and easy maintenance
Reduce cubic feet (lower ceilings for heating/cooling)
New Construction vs. Remodeling
New Construction: (advantages and disadvantages)
 Location and orientation can be selected
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Customized
New technology and building materials
Don’t have to live in the construction
More expensive
Takes longer
Travel time to oversee construction
New Construction vs. Remodeling
Remodeling (advantages and disadvantages)
 Relocation not required
 Work can be completed in stages
 Less expensive than new construction
 Living in the mess
 Subcontractors in your home
 Finding surprises
Economic Considerations
 Economy is an important consideration in planning space.
 New construction and remodeling will have limitations (maximum
that can be spent) dictated by financial institution or by
homeowner
 What is affordable? 2 times the annual family income although
many people go up to 3 or 4 times the annual income.
 Interest rate, length of loan (15 yr vs. 30yr)
 $250,000 @ 4% = $78,000 for 15 years
 $250,000 @ 4% = $168,000 for 30 years
 Location
 Building materials used
 Labor rates
Square footage vs. Material and labor
 Quick way to estimate is
using the sq. footage
method based on the
average price in the
neighborhood. Not as
accurate as using a
materials and labor quote.
 Material and Labor quote is
more accurate