Transcript PHENIX Decadal Plan Presented at open meeting and Exploit investments and

PHENIX Decadal Plan
Axel Drees, Stony Brook University
RHIC II workshop, BNL, November 19, 2004
Presented at open meeting and
to PAC in Dec. 2003
www.phenix.bnl.gov/plans.html
Exploit investments and
opportunities at RHIC
Detailed investigate of strongly
interacting quark gluon matter
Start spin physics program
Start p-A program
Reach beyond current
capabilities: Detailed
PHENIX upgrades program
Decadal Plan 2004-2013
PHENIX Experiment
designed to measure rare probes:
Au-Au & p-p spin
+ high rate capability & granularity
+ good mass resolution and particle ID
- limited acceptance
2 central arms:
electrons, photons, hadrons
charmonium J/, ’ -> e+evector meson r, w,  -> e+ehigh pT
po, p+, pdirect photons
open charm
hadron physics
2 muon arms:
muons
“onium” J/, ’,  -> m+mvector meson  -> m+mopen charm
Discovery potential of PHENIX demonstrated in Run’s 1-4
Axel Drees
Physics Beyond the Reach of Current PHENIX
Provide key measurements so far inaccessible at RHIC in three broad areas:
Comprehensive study of QCD at high T with heavy ion, p-nucleus, and pp
high pT phenomena (PID -p,k,p- to pT ~10 GeV/c and g-jet, jet-jet tomography)
electron pair continuum (low masses to Drell-Yan)
requires highest
heavy flavor production (c- and b-physics)
AA luminosity
charmonium spectroscopy (J/, ’ , c and (1s),(2s),(3s))
Extended exploration of the spin structure of the nucleon
gluon spin structure (DG/G) with heavy flavor and g-jet correlations
quark spin structure (Dq/q) with W-production
requires highest
Transversity
polarization and luminosity
Dedicated p-nucleus program
A-, pT-, x-dependence of the parton structure of nuclei
Initial conditions for A-A: gluon saturation and the color glass condensate
Requires upgrades of PHENIX and of RHIC luminosity
Axel Drees
Central Magnet Region: -3.0 < h < 3.0 Spectrometer
Provides displaced vertex & jet measurement over 2p
barrel VTX |h| < 1.2
endcap VTX
1.2 < h < 2.7
TPC/HBD
VTX
NCC
Displaced vertex:
VTX: silicon
vertex tracker
Jet measurement:
NCC: nose cone
calorimeter
TPC: time projection
chamber
Other detectors:
HBD: hadron blind
detector
NCC
0.9 < h < 3.0
TPC |h| < 0.7
Muon trigger
PID in west arm
Axel Drees
RHIC Luminosity Increase Through e-Cooling
Electron cooling
to L  ~ 8 10 27 cm-2
At constant beam intensity
90
80
70
60
ongoing luminosity development
to L  ~ 8 10 26 cm-2
Peak Luminosity
50
Ave. Luminosity
40
Luminosity increase
through e-cooling:
AA factor 10
pp factor 2-4
Beam Current
30
20
10
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
0
2002
L in 10 26 cm-2 or beam in 1010 ions
Au-Au luminosity development
year
~ 250 mb-1 ~ 1.5 nb-1
~30 nb-1 Integrated Au-Au luminosity recorded by PHENIX
Increased luminosity will allow qualitatively new measurements
and significantly more efficient operation of RHIC
Axel Drees
PHENIX View of RHIC Upgrade Plans
Near term: Base line
Medium term: first upgrades
Long term: full detector
and RHIC upgrades
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Analysis of
data on tape
Near term detector
upgrades of PHENIX
ToFW, HBD, VTX
PHENIX upgrades
Commissioning
Long term upgrades
FVTX, TPC/GEM, NCC
RHIC baseline program
Au-Au ~ 250 mb-1 at 200 GeV
Species scan at 200 GeV
Au-Au energy scan
Polarized protons  150 nb-1
Extended program with 1st
detector upgrades:
Au-Au ~ 1.5 mb-1 at 200 GeV
Polarized p at 500 GeV
(start p-A program)
40x design luminosity for
Au-Au via electron cooling
RHIC luminosity upgrade
Full utilization of RHIC opportunities:
Studies of sQGP with rare probes:
jet tomography, open flavor,
J/, ’, c, (1s), (2s), (3s)
Complete spin physics program
Exploit p-A physics
Axel Drees
Outline For the Rest of My Talk:
RHIC program and its running schedule
Heavy ion program:
What have we learned so far?
What do we have on tape?
What can we achieve with near term upgrades?
What are the long term future perspectives?
Spin physics program:
Status of program
Expectations for RHIC future
Future p-A program
Axel Drees
RHIC: The Worlds Prime QCD Laboratory
RHIC is a dedicated
accelerator with large
flexibility.
RHIC provides unique
opportunity to study QCD
in three broad areas !
Study of QCD at high T
Heavy ion collisions with Au-Au at 200 GeV
Energy (from 19.6 to 200 GeV) and species scans
Accurate reference data from p-p and d-Au
Exploration of the spin structure of the nucleon
Polarized proton beams at high luminosity
Dedicated p-nucleus program
Axel Drees
Extraordinary Successful Program Since 2000
Rapid increase of integrated Au-Au luminosity
24 mb-1
Run 2: Au-Au & p-p
snn = 200 GeV
(Aug 2001 – Feb 2002)
250 mb-1
Run 4:Au-Au
snn = 62.4 and 200 GeV
p-p development run
(Nov 2003 - May 2004)
mb-1
1
Run 1: Au-Au
snn = 130 GeV
(June – Sept 2000)
Run 3: d+Au & p+p
snn = 200 GeV
(Jan-May 2003)
Heavy Ion Physics: Discovery Phase nearly completed
Au-Au production run 250 mb-1 at 200 GeV
p-p and d-Au comparison runs at 200 GeV
Exploratory energy scan 19.6, 62.4, 130, 200 GeV
Species scan Cu-Cu in run 5
Spin Physics: Developing luminosity and polarization
First production at 200 GeV in run 5
p-A program:
Pilot run with d-Au at 200 GeV
Axel Drees
Projection into the “near” Future
27 cryo week scenario taken from PHENIX decadal plan
Constant effort running
schedule taken from
NSAC subcommittee
report
Cu-Cu (3 nb-1)
p-p development
p-p at 200 GeV ( 150 pb-1)
p-p (or d-Au) at 62.4 GeV
Au-Au at 200 GeV ( 2 nb-1)
p-p at 500 GeV ( 300 pb-1)
LHC
Minimum program till 2012 well into LHC era
Axel Drees
Much Left to do after 2012
Two running campaigns till FY2008
Only minimal program completed before LHC era
Heavy ion program: only new data Cu-Cu
Spin physics:
minimum run at 200 GeV
significant 2-6 below expectation
p-A program not started
Two additional running campaigns till FY 2012
A-A precision data only at 200 GeV and only for Au-Au
p-p at 500 GeV with significance 3-9 below original goal
p-A program not started
New options with EBIS, e.g. U-U, not explored
Long delay of spin physics program
Increase in RHIC luminosity will expedite progress significantly
Axel Drees
What have we Learned from A-A Collisions?
Answers summarized in the PHENIX white paper
Conclusions from first 4 years of RHIC running:
Initial energy density 5-20 GeV/fm3 well above QCD phase transition
Multiplicity and large y data consistent with initial-state gluon saturation (CGC)
Comparison of data to hydrodynamic models suggest early thermalisation
Jet quenching: strong medium effects observed with penetrating probes
Intermediate pT particle production hints towards quark recombination
We apparently have created an ideal fluid of strongly
interacting quarks and gluons
Little is known about this “strongly coupled plasma”:
Hydrodynamic model fail to describe HBT source parameters
No consistent description of jet quenching, lack of precision data
Key observables not measured: dilepton continuum, thermal photons,
charmonium states
RHIC needs to shift from discovery to exploration phase
Axel Drees
Exploring the Strongly Interacting Plasma
Analog of hard x-ray probe of EM plasma
Basic plasma properties
pressure, viscosity, equation of state, thermalization time & extent
determine from collective behavior
Other plasma properties
radiation rate, collision frequency, conductivity, opacity, Debye
screening length
what is interaction s of q,g in the medium?
need short wavelength strongly interacting probe
transmission probability
jet quenching via RAA, angular correlations etc
Use penetrating probes:
hard scattering processes
electromagnetic radiation
RBRC workshop Dec. 16/17:
Strongly coupled plasmas: Electromagnetic, Nuclear and Atomic
Axel Drees
On Tape: Thermal Photons
Turbide, Rapp & Gale PRC (2004)
Access to temperature of the system
Experimental Challenge
Expected signal ~ 10%
Systematic error limited
thermal
prompt
Prerequisites:
High statistics
Excellent knowledge of hadron decay
background
Precise reference for prompt
component from pp
Expectation: Data on tape
250 mb-1 from run 4 Au-Au 200 GeV
Establish method for future runs,
e.g. Cu-Cu, Au-Au at lower s
Axel Drees
Medium Term: Low-Mass e+e- Pairs at RHIC
Only known channel sensitive
to the chiral transition
and thermal radiation
Effect of quasi particle states
in strongly interacting QGP
Possible mass
threshold near 2 GeV
Shuryak, Zahed hep-ph/030726
R. Rapp nucl-th/0204003
Strong enhancement
of low-mass pairs
persists at RHIC Significant contribution
from open charm
15
A Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) for PHENIX
signal electron
g  e+ e po  g e+ e -
Cherenkov
blobs
“combinatorial pairs”
partner positron
needed for rejection
e-
e+
q
pair
opening angle
S/B ~ 1/500
all signal
total background
Irreducible charm background
charm signal
Dalitz rejection via opening angle
Identify electrons in field free region
Veto signal electrons with partner
HBD concept:
Need Dalitz rejection (HBD)
& charm measurement (VTX)
windowless CF4 Cherenkov detector
50 cm radiator length
CsI reflective photocathode
Triple GEM with pad readout
Construction/installation 2005/2006
Axel Drees
Medium and Long Term: Precise Charm Measurements
Are there medium modifications for heavy quarks?
Is there pre-thermal charm production?
Precision measurement
Does charm flow? Does charm suffer energy loss?
Charm out to pT > 4 GeV/c
Charm measurement requires precise vertex tracking
Beauty measurement requires also highest luminosity
Axel Drees
Vertex Tracker with Barrel and Endcaps
Barrel silicon detector
VTX barrel |h|<1.2
Pixel Detectors (50 mm x 425 mm) at R ~ 2.5 & 5 cm
Strip Detectors (80 mm x 3 cm) at R ~ 10 & 14 cm
RIKEN: Hybrid pixel detectors
developed at CERN for ALICE
DOE: Strip detectors, sensors
developed at BNL with FNAL’s
SVX4 readout chip
Completion by 2008
FVTX endcaps
1.2<|h|<2.7
mini strips
Forward silicon detector:
“mini” strips (~0.1 x 1 m2)
R&D effort with FNAL initiated
Expect ~1-2 year development
Heavy flavor detection in PHENIX:
• Beauty and low pT charm via displaced e and/or m -2.7<h<-1.2 , |h|<0.35 , 2.7<h<1.2
• Beauty through displaced J/  ee (mm)
• High pT charm through D  p K
-2.7<h<-1.2 , |h|<0.35 , 2.7<h<1.2
|h|<0.35
Axel Drees
On Tape: First J/ measurements
Run 2 final result
Coalescence model
(Thews et al.)
Absorption model
(Grandchamp et al.)
Statistical model
(Andronic et al.)
Run 2 poor statistics
Run 3 reference data from p-p
and d-Au
Run 4 higher Au-Au statistics
Expect total of ~6000 J/
Measurement will remain
statistics limited
Run 4 Au-Au
J/→ee
min. bias
(10% of statistics)
J/→mm
peripheral (>40%)
(30% of statistics)
Axel Drees
Many Open Issues Concerning J/ Production
Is J/ suppressed?
Latest lattice results indicatecc screened only above 2 Tc
What is the screening length?
New production mechanisms?
Large scc at RHIC
Enhancement due to cc coalescence?
New backgrounds from B-decays
What is the baseline from p-p and p-A?
Elementary production mechanism
Shadowing and “normal” nuclear absorption
Need accurate normalization to charm production
Need high statistics measurement of multiple
charmonium and bottonium states
Axel Drees
Near and Long Term: Quarkonium Physics
Expected quarkonium statistics from Au-Au runs 2008 and 2013
RHIC (1.5 nb-1)
RHIC II (30 nb-1)
J/  ee
’  ee
  ee
2800
100
8
J/ (’) mm
  mm
38,000 (1400)
35
56000
2000
155
760,000 (28,000)
700
VTX
m-trigger
Need measurements with similar pT or xT reach in p+p, d+A, lighter systems
Improved mass resolution with
vertex tracker
Full quarkonium program
Requires electron cooling
→ee from 10 nb-1 Au-Au
with and without VTX
Axel Drees
High pT Phenomena in A-A Collisions at RHIC
Jet quenching: one of the most interesting discoveries at RHIC
Baryon enhancement: modification of jet fragmentation in medium
PHENIX
Future progress require more detailed studies:
extend K, p, p identification
flavor tagging
g-jet tomography
Axel Drees
What do we have on tape concening hard scattering?
Jet particle composition
Most results
from run 2
High statistics data from Au-Au run 4
p0,
p±
E.Shuryak et al.
out to 20 GeV/c
p-h correlations out to 10 GeV/c
p,p inclusive and h-correlation
to pT  5 GeV
all vs reaction plane
Sufficient for next steps
More jet PID measurements
Follow up new ideas
Expect significant new insight into
interesting and rapidly evolving field
Axel Drees
Medium Term Upgrades: High pT Particle Identification
Combination of three PID detectors
RICH with CO2 gth ~ 34
Aerogel Č, gth ~ 8.5
MRPC TOF s < 100 ps
p, K, p separation out to ~ 10 GeV/c
coverage ~ 4 m2 in west arm
PID upgrade:
3 - 7 GeV/c
most important
PHENIX Au-Au 200 GeV
1st Aerogel detectors installed and
commissioned in 2003
full detector completed
MRCP based TOF detector
prototype will be installed 2004
construction & installation 2005/2006
Axel Drees
Medium Term: Expectation for “Run 8” 1.5 nb-1 Au-Au
Detector improvements:
High pT particle identification
Larger jet acceptance in VTX
Baryon fragmentation functions:
Bourrely & Soffer
Plus ~ 10 times more statistics
Inclusive proton spectra out to
~10 GeV
p-h correlations out to 10 GeV
g-jet out to 10 GeV
flavor tagging?
vs reaction plane and centrality
First handle on in medium jet
fragmentation
Data in modified and unmodified
region
Access to flavor dependence and
q/g energy loss?
Over limited kinematic region
z
z
Axel Drees
Long Term: Rate Estimates for g-jet Tomography
Rapidly falling cross section
with rapidity:
Assume ~ 1000 events required for
statistical g-jet correlation
RHIC II luminosity
PHENIX acceptance (TPC & NCC)
Run 4
with TPC only
for RHIC I
y
estimated pt reach
for RHIC II & TPC & NCC
0
1
2
3
max g-pT
(GeV)
23
21
15
8
g-jet tomography at RHIC requires
RHIC II luminosity
g and jet reconstruction in central region
(-2 < h < 2)
Axel Drees
Future PHENIX Acceptance for g-jet Measurement
central EMCal
|y| < 0.35
central TPC + VTX |h| < 1.2
forward NCC 0.9 < y < 3.0 (-3.0 < y <-0.9)
forward silicon 1.2 < h < 2.7 (-2.7 < h<-1.2)
forward NCC 0.9 < h < 3.0 (-3.0 < h< -0.9)
2p
Prompt photons:
Jet (charged):
Jet (energy):
 coverage
10GeV
0
4 GeV
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Large acceptance for g-jet tomography:
expect measurements out to Ejet > 20 GeV
Large acceptance for flavor tagging
Limited acceptance for p – meson separation
3 rapidity
Axel Drees
Status of Polarized Proton Program?
First data: pQCD is a good reference
p0 data: PRL 91 (2003) 241803
Need continuous development of luminosity
and polarization
4 weeks run 2:
L~250 nb-1 p ~ 27% p4L ~ 1.3
4 days run 4:
L~75 nb-1 p ~ 40% p4L ~ 1.9
ALL proof of principle:
Significance factor 4 104 smaller than goal
Spin physics program just starting
Axel Drees
What Will It Take to Make This Program Successful?
A dedicated program of machine development
A commitment to increase RHIC running time
 A decade of only
27 weeks per
year severely
jeopardizes the
spin program
(the entire
program)
Detector upgrades
VTX and m-tigger
Axel Drees
Medium Term: Spin and pA Physics with VTX
Measurement of gluon polarization
by heavy flavor production
Extended acceptance for g-jet
Extracting gluon structure function in nuclei, shadowing
gluon polarization
gluon structure
Axel Drees
Probing Initial Conditions for A-A with p-A
How does the CGC
thermalize so fast?
p-A collisions at forward rapidity
Forward detector upgrades:
NCC → 0.9 < h < 3.0
FVTX → 1.2 < h < 2.7
Axel Drees
Foundations of Future PHENIX Physics Program
Initial conditions for QGP formation
CGC:
p-A collisions, forward physics, large h-coverage
Properties of strongly interacting QGP
EOS:
Collective behavior → advanced hydro calcuations
Temperature:
Thermal radiation → real and virtual photons
Screening length:
J/, ’, (1s), (2s), (3s) → resolution and acceptance
Transport properties: g-jet and jet-jet → large acceptance and PID to 10 GeV/c
Formation of Hadrons
Creation of Hadrons: Hadronization → PID and correlations at moderate pT
Origin of mass:
Chiral Symmetry → Low mass dileptons
Spin structure of the nucleon
DG/G and transversity: 200 GeV pp running time & g-jet, jet-jet, heavy flavor
Dq/q:
500 GeV pp running time & W-trigger
Structure of the nucleus
A-, pT-, x-dependence structure functions:
high statistics p-A running with different species
Axel Drees
PHENIX view of RHIC Upgrade Plans
Near term: Base line
Medium term: first upgrades
Long term: full detector
and RHIC upgrades
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Analysis of
data on tape
Near term detector
upgrades of PHENIX
ToFW, HBD, VTX
PHENIX upgrades
Commissioning
Long term upgrades
FVTX, TPC/GEM, NCC
RHIC baseline program
Au-Au ~ 250 mb-1 at 200 GeV
Species scan at 200 GeV
Au-Au energy scan
Polarized protons  150 nb-1
Extended program with 1st
detector upgrades:
Au-Au ~ 1.5 mb-1 at 200 GeV
Polarized p at 500 GeV
(start p-A program)
40x design luminosity for
Au-Au via electron cooling
RHIC luminosity upgrade
Full utilization of RHIC opportunities:
Studies of QGP with rare probes:
jet tomography, open flavor,
J/, ’, c, (1s), (2s), (3s)
Complete spin physics program
p-A physics
Axel Drees
BACKUP
Axel Drees
Model Predictions
Axel
Drees
* compilation from the PHENIX
Whitepaper
What can we conclude?
Fast
Confidence
local equilibration
about the latent
withinheat
timeist=0.2-2.0
premature.
fm/c
3!
The exactand
viscosity
density
limit
15-25
is still
GeV/fm
not constrained.
Drees
Softest point should increase HBT observed lifetime (notAxel
seen).
Improved Muon Trigger
Enhanced first level muon trigger:
p-Cut:
Timing:
U-Tracker + D-Tracker
D-Tracker
decays m
Muon from W
First level trigger for high luminosity
Increased background rejection
W production in p-p 500 GeV/c
Upsilon production with RHIC II luminosity
U-Tracker
D-Tracker
Muons from hadrons
Muons from Ws
Project Schedule
Recently proposed to PHENIX collaboration
Proposal to NSF in FY05
Estimated cost $2 M
Construction 2005/2006
Completed for first 500 GeV pp run
pmuon
Axel Drees
Nosecone Calorimeter (NCC)
Forward physics with PHENIX
0.9 < h < 3.0
Large acceptance calorimeter
EM calorimeter ~40 X/Xo
hadronic section (1.6 l/l0)
Tungsten with Silicon readout
Extended physics reach with NCC
Extended A-A program
high pT phenomena: p0 and g-jet
χc → J/ + g
Small x-physics in p-A
W-silicon sampling
calorimeter
Scope
Recently proposed to PHENIX collaboration
New expert groups join R&D
(MSU, Triest, Prag)
Construction FY08 – FY09
More details in K. Barish’s talk
20 cm
Axel Drees