Transcript Notre Dame High Energy Physics Hadron Collider Group • The Group:

Notre Dame
High Energy Physics
Hadron Collider Group
• The Group:
– 8 graduate students (details later)
– 7 research faculty/postdocs
• Leo Chan, Dongwook Jang, Dan Karmgard, Prolay Mal, Nancy
Maranelli, Dmitri Smirnov, Jadzia Warchol
– 3 technicians plus 1 engineer
• Jeff Marchant, Mike McKenna, Mark Vigneault, Barry Baumbaugh
– 5 teaching and research faculty
• Anna Goussiou, Mike Hildreth, Colin Jessop, Randy Ruchti,
Mitch Wayne
Experimental Projects
• DØ at the Fermilab Tevatron
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proton-antiproton collisions at 2.0 TeV
7 Ph.D. students on Run I
detector construction, commissioning for upgrade
widespread current effort in Run II
• many physics analyses, software development, detector
operation
• CMS at the CERN LHC
– proton-proton collisions at 14.0 TeV
– detector development, construction, testing, commissioning
– Quarknet program for H.S. students, teachers
• International Linear Collider
– R&D on Muon System, Beam Instrumentation
Past DØ Ph. D. Students
 V. Balamurali
- Medical school
 Linda Coney
- Postdoc, Columbia Univ., FNAL
 Jim Jaques
- AT&T laboratories
 Bob Kehoe
- Faculty, SMU
 Evgeny Popkov
- Postdoc, Boston Univ.
 Hai Zheng
- Postdoc, Caltech
 Mike Kelly
- Private Sector
• Ryan Hooper
- Postdoc, Brown Univ., Priv. Sect.
• Lucas Xuan
- Postdoc, Univ. of Hawaii
• Julie Torborg
- Faculty, St. Cloud
• Eugene Galyaev
- Postdoc, Univ. of Texas
Current Students
DØ:
will
graduate
this year
 Yury Pogorelov
- Russia
 Peter Svoisky
- Russia
 David Lam
- Canada
 Jyotsna Osta
- India
• Sarah Schlobohm
- U.S.
• Tyler Dorland
- U.S.
CMS:
• Ted Kolberg
- U.S.
• Justin Griffiths
- U.S.
Now (15 billion years)
Stars form (1 billion years)
Atoms form (300,000 years)
Nuclei form (180 seconds)
Protons and neutrons form (10-10
seconds)
we work here
Quarks differentiate (10-34 seconds?)
??? (Before that)
Anna Goussiou
What is the Universe Made of?
• A very old question, answered many ways during the eons
• The only way to answer this question is by directly confronting
Nature by experiments that can lead to definite conclusions
• Experiments have told us:
– complexity often arises from simple building blocks
• Periodic Table of the Elements, Nuclear Structure
• fundamental constituents are small particles
– diverse phenomena can be manifestations of the same
underlying physics
• the moon’s orbit, a falling apple
– intuition may not necessarily be trustworthy
• our world is really Quantum Mechanical, even though we
don’t see this in everyday life
fermions
bosons
Fundamental Forces of Nature
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Gravity
Electromagnetism
Weak Nuclear Force
Strong Nuclear Force
}
Relative Strengths
10-40
10-2
ElectroWeak
Force
-6
10
1
The ElectroWeak and Strong forces combine to
form the Standard Model of Particle Physics
Open Questions in the Standard Model
Without getting into the Structure of the Universe, there
are some obvious questions here:
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Why are there three families?
Why are there pairs of particles in each family?
Why are the masses so different?
How is the Strong Force related to the
Electroweak Force?
– Why are the forces such different strengths?
– What about Gravity?
This is some of what we are trying to answer...
On to “Big Questions”
• Particle Physics experiments may also answer
– What IS mass?
– Why is there matter at all?
– What is Dark Matter?
– What is the space-time structure of the
Universe?
 Growing synergy between particle and astrophysics
– both fields working together on these questions
The DØ Experiment at
the Fermilab Tevatron
Fermilab
Chicago
Batavia, Illinois
CDF
DØ
DØ
CDF
DØ
Booster
Tevatron
p
p
s =1.96 TeV
t = 396 ns
Run I 1992-95
Run II 2001-09(?)
40  larger dataset
at increased energy
p source
Main Injector
& Recycler
p
p
pp Collisions at the Tevatron
• Counter-rotating bunches of protons and anti-protons collide
head-on in the two interaction regions
– use protons for maximum energy reach
• Each particle has an energy of 9.8x1011 Volts (980 GeV)
u
d
u
u
u
d
u
u
DØ in the Collision Hall:
The guts of DØ
p
Silicon Tracker
Solenoid
Fiber Tracker
Note: Side view
Built by ND!
p
Tracker Detail
• Central Fiber Tracker:
– 77k fibers in eight barrels, 800 mm diameter fibers
– 3° stereo layers in each barrel
– VLPC readout, ~7 photo-electrons/track at h = 0
The Tracker in Action:
(some of) The people that built DØ:
~ 670 physicists
80 institutions
19 countries
~120 grad students
>50% non-US
us
Run II Data on Tape!
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The experiment is operating well
Already ~20x Run I!
Full 1 fb-1 used for analysis for
Winter 2006 Conferences
Run 1 total
Data on Tape (fb-1)
Luminosity Projections
Spring
2009
Now
3-5x data!
Time
The CMS Experiment at the LHC
• CERN: Geneva, Switzerland
• LHC: Large Hadron Collider
– Proton + Proton collider
– Beam energy: 7 TeV + 7 TeV
– Several large experiments: CMS, ATLAS
• First collisions: 2007-2008!
Physics Goals
• The same “Big Questions” but with 7x the reach:
SUSY:
TeVatron
Dark Matter:
Mt. Blanc
CMS
CMS Assembly Hall
Muon End Disk and
Endcap Calorimeter
CMS Assembly Hall
Half of the Hadron
Calorimeter
Being Installed!
ODU for CMS HCAL
LHC Physics Center at Fermilab
• Center for US involvement in CMS
– “local” center of software/analysis
expertise
– preparing to be very active in
commissioning CMS
• Close!
• Easy way to get involved “part time”
– developing tutorials, example analysis
packages, etc.
– nucleus of consultants for newcomers
• “Senior” ND personnel involved
CMS Summary
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Beam testing of elements: 2003-2006
Slice testing of detector elements: 2006
Magnet test completed: 2006
Installation underground: 2006-2007
Run starts: 2007!
First data analyses: now-2007-2010
International Linear Collider
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Future e+e- Linear Collider
Center of Mass energy from 0.5 – 1.5 TeV
Precision Measurements to complement LHC
Same questions, different approach
~30 km
RTML ~1.6km
14mr
14mr
R = 955m
E = 5 GeV
ML ~10km (G = 31.5MV/m)
BDS 5km
e+ undulator @ 150 GeV (~1.2km)
ILC R&D
test beam at SLAC
Beam Energy Spectrometer
Prototype Muon Detector
test beam at FNAL
Conclusions
• Not an easy game, but the payoff could be HUGE
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Origin of mass?
Understanding Energy Scales for the Fundamental Forces?
New forms of matter (Supersymmetry)?
Structure of Spacetime
• DØ will be collecting up to 5x the current dataset over
the next 3 years or so, CMS coming very fast
– lots of scope for new phenomena to appear
• Fascinating time to be a particle physicist:
– If we don’t find new things at the Tevatron, the LHC will
• huge jump in energy and data quantity
– Within the coming years, we will have answers!
• (and more questions, of course)