Transcript Chemical Engineering: Ingenuity at the Interface between Science and Society Don MacElroy

Chemical Engineering: Ingenuity at the
Interface between Science and Society
Don MacElroy
B.E., Ph.D.
‘I do not object to people looking at their watches when I am
speaking. But I strongly object when they start shaking them to
make certain they are still going’
Lord Birkett (1960)
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Overview
• Chemical Engineering at UCD
• New Challenges, New Frontiers
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
General definition: Chemical engineering involves the design
and enabling of processes for the transformation from one form
to another or the recovery (separation and purification) of
materials (chemicals, biochemicals).
Science
(Pure chemistry,
physics, biology,
mathematics)
Chemical
Engineering:
Applied
Science
and
modelling
Chemical
Engineering
Product
and Plant
Design
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Society
(Commodities
improving quality of
life: including
pharmaceuticals,
biochemicals,
petrochemicals,
polymers, etc)
Chemical Engineering at UCD
Structure and Staffing
• Post-war: Drive to establish Chemical Engineering in Ireland;
prior to 1952 UCD offered a Diploma in Chemical Technology
within Chemistry.
• Early 1952: Concept discussed between Faculties of Science
and Engineering and Architecture – Establish in Chemistry or
Engineering?
• Established in Engineering 1952: Supervised by then Dean
M.A.Hogan.
Staff:
Chemical
Engineering:
John O’Donnell
Jim Walsh
Bill Riley
Frank Dreschler
George McMahon
(Lecturer in Mech/Elec)
(Lecturer in Mech/Elec)
(Lecturer in Industrial Chemistry)
(Lecturer in Mech/Elec)
(Assistant Lecturer)
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
• Early Years:
formulation.
External
Examiners
important
in
curriculum
• John O’Donnell and Jim Walsh attended
courses
in
Cambridge,
Northwestern
University and MIT.
• 1957: John O’Donnell appointed
to
the
Chair
of
Chemical
Engineering.
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
1959
1963
1966/67
J.O’Donnell
J.Walsh
B.Riley
P.O’Flynn
J.O’Donnell
J.Walsh
B.Riley
P.O’Flynn
J.Kelly
J.O’Donnell
J.Walsh
P.O’Flynn
J.Kelly
J.Byrne(66)
D.Carroll(67)
Chemical
Engineering:
1971
J.O’Donnell
J.Walsh
P.O’Flynn
J.Kelly
D.Carroll
J.Byrne
N.Murphy
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
1980
J.O’Donnell
J.Walsh
P.O’Flynn
J.Kelly
D.Carroll
J.Byrne
N.Murphy
F.MacLoughlin
D.Malone
• John Kelly –
Appointed as Dean of
Engineering and Architecture
1979
Appointed as Registrar 1984
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
• John
1988.
• Jim
Walsh
appointed
Head of Department.
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
O’Donnell
retires,
Chemical Engineering at UCD
• 1989: Move from Merrion Street to Belfield
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
1991
J.Walsh
P.O’Flynn
J.Kelly
D.Carroll
J.Byrne
N.Murphy
F.MacLoughlin
D.Malone
D. MacElroy
1992/93
G.Hamer
P.O’Flynn
J.Kelly
D.Carroll
J.Byrne
N.Murphy
F.MacLoughlin
D.Malone
D. MacElroy
J.Walsh retires
J.Kelly (halftime (1993))
Chemical
Engineering:
Geoffrey Hamer appointed to the Chair
and Head of Department in 1992
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
1995-2000
G.Hamer
D.Carroll
J.Byrne
N.Murphy
F.MacLoughlin
D.Malone
D. MacElroy
B.Glennon (1995)
P.Kieran (1999)
J.Kelly (2000)
P.O’Flynn (2000)
Chemical
Engineering:
2000-2004
F.MacLoughlin
D.Malone
D. MacElroy
B.Glennon
P.Kieran
E. Casey (2002)
D. Mooney (2003)
S.McDonnell (2004)
G.Hamer (2001)
J. Byrne (2002)
N. Murphy(2002)
D.Carroll(2003).
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Dan Carroll
appointed Head of
Department (2001)
Paddy O’Flynn, still in harness
Noel Murphy,
business as
usual
Chemical
Engineering:
John Byrne, seeing
new horizons
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
2000-2004
F.MacLoughlin
D.Malone
B.Glennon
P.Kieran
E. Casey (2002)
D. Mooney (2003)
S.McDonnell (2004)
G.Hamer (2001)
J. Byrne (2002)
N. Murphy(2002)
D.Carroll(2003).
2005
D. MacElroy
F.MacLoughlin
D.Malone
B.Glennon
P.Kieran
E. Casey
D. Mooney
S.McDonnell
M.Al-Rubeai
C.Stubenrauch
Professor Mohammed Al-Rubeai
appointed to the Chair of
Biochemical Engineering (2005)
D. MacElroy appointed
Chair (2003)
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
• Technical and administrative staff:
Dan Cash
Liam Morris
Jim Nolan
Oliver Canniffe
Tom Burke
Noel Brady
Patricia Connolly
Sinead Kerins
Pat O’Halloran
Brid Casey
Sheila Carroll
Aoife Carney
Frank Dillon
Gerry Hayden
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Tom Burke M.B.E.
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
Chemical Engineering Education at UCD
1.
2.
3.
Granada Keynote Lecture (2003) (Dr.-Ing Martin Molzahn EFCE
Working Party on Education):
The education of chemical engineers in Europe is influenced by
at least three major issues:
A lack of students entering Chemical Engineering programmes in
several European countries;
The process towards a harmonized higher education area in *
Europe (Bologna Process);
A distinct uncertainty as to what Chemical Engineering as well as
education in Chemical Engineering should be in the future.
*Under development.
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
1. Undergraduate Enrolment:
50
45
40
35
N
30
Series2
F
25
M
Series1
20
15
10
5
Chemical
Engineering:
Year
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
53
00
49
45
41
90
37
33
80
29
25
21
70
17
13
60
9
5
1
0
Timothy McCarthy
Peter O’Callaghan
Michael O’Keefe
Class of 2003
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Class of 1956
Chemical Engineering at UCD
Commitment to Recruitment
Departmental Activities:
• Chemical Engineering Open Days
• Chemical Engineering Video
In conjunction with the Engineering School:
• School’s Visits
• Engineering Information Events
Future Plans
• Seminar/Event for Chemistry Teachers: Afternoon event to
engage Chemistry Teachers with Chemical Engineering.
• Chemical Engineering Open Days: Opening these events to a
wider geographically area (national)
• Mail-drop to all chemistry teachers
• Improve links with overseas Schools and Universities.
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Higher Level Maths
Leaving Certificate (HL)
Mathematics and Applied
Mathematics (1999-2003)
12000
10000
8000
Number of Students
6000
4000
Higher Level Applied Maths
2000
M&F
0
1400
F
1999
2000
2001
1200
Year
1000
800
Number of Students
600
400
200
M&F
0
F
1999
Chemical
Engineering:
2000
2001
Year
Gender
M
2002
2003
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
M
2002
2003
Gender
Higher Level Physics
Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(1999-2003)
7000
6000
5000
4000
Number of Students
Higher Level Chemistry
3000
2000
6000
1000
M&F
5000
0
F
1999
4000
2000
2001
Year
Gender
M
2002
Higher Level Biology
2003
Number of Students 3000
18000
2000
16000
1000
14000
M&F
0
F
1999
2000
2001
Year
2002
2003
12000
Gender
10000
M
Number of Students
8000
6000
4000
2000
M&F
0
Chemical
Engineering:
F
1999
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
2000
2001
Year
M
2002
2003
Gender
Chemical Engineering at UCD
3. Chemical Engineering Education at UCD
Current Strengths:
Exposure to processes from molecular to macroscale
providing a breadth of skills which permits the pursuit of a
wide range of professional activities (outcome: IChemE MEng
level accreditation 2004-2009).
Weaknesses:
While a number of new topics have been introduced in recent
years, a significant portion of the curriculum has not changed
substantially in the last four decades.
Modularisation and the establishment of interdisciplinary
programmes will provide the impetus for further revitalisation
of the curriculum.
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
Ongoing developments and targets:
•
Broaden Chemical/Biochemical course content with an emphasis on batch
processing and scale-up;
•
Integrate quantitative molecular design and nano/biotechnology at levels
suitable for engineering resolution of present and future healthcare,
materials, energy and environmental issues.
•
Draw on examples from industrial practice (for example Process and
Analytical Technology (PAT));
•
Expand on current topics in modelling and computation to include the
principles of simulation at all length and time scales.
 These are in line with the US initiative “New Frontiers in Chemical
Engineering Education”
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Chemical Engineering at UCD
Professional Commitment
•
Accreditation (IEI and IChemE (MEng level 2004-2009))1
•
Improving links with industry (3rd Year summer placements, Final Year
Research Project scheme, and postgraduate research projects)
•
Taught course(s) in MEngSc (Biopharmaceutical Engineering2 and (projected)
contribution to programmes in Advanced Materials3)
•
Short courses.
1Quality
assurance (IChemE high-level learning outcome in Core Chemical
Engineering): “(Graduates) must be able to handle advanced problems in fluids
and solids formation and processing. They must be able to apply chemical
engineering methods to the analysis of complex systems within a structured
approach to Safety, Health and Sustainability”.
2National
3The
Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT).
Institute for Science and Engineering of Advanced Materials (SEAM)
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Graduate employment:
OTHER
CHEMICAL
BUSINESS
PHARMACEUTICAL
CONSULTING
PROCESS
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Remaining Question:
What will Chemical Engineering be in the future?
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
New Challenges, New Frontiers
From an Industrial Perspective:
The major challenge is to ‘… create a predictive approach to the
manufacturing process and to quality assurance (and) to look to
science and engineering rather than compliance as the culture to drive
(industrial) performance’
(Dr Paddy Caffrey, IEI Presidential Address, February 16th, 2005)
“Practical experience (Chemical Engineering) uncombined with
scientific knowledge, is a poor staff to rest upon, and is very soon
played out”.
(George E. Davis (1850-1907), 1901)
From a Philosophical Perspective
‘The future ain’t what it used to be’
(Yogi Berra, American baseball player)
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
New Challenges, New Frontiers
From an Industrial Perspective:
The major challenge is to ‘… create a predictive approach to the
manufacturing process and to quality assurance (and) to look to
science and engineering rather than compliance as the culture to drive
(industrial) performance’
(Dr Paddy Caffrey, IEI Presidential Address, February 16th, 2005)
“Practical experience (Chemical Engineering) uncombined with
scientific knowledge, is a poor staff to rest upon, and is very soon
played out”.
(George E. Davis (1850-1907), 1901)
From a Philosophical Perspective
‘The future ain’t what it used to be’
(Yogi Berra, American baseball player)
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
New Challenges, New Frontiers
Science
Applied
(Pure chemistry, Science
physics, biology, and
modelling
mathematics)
Chemical
Engineering:
Product Society
and Plant (Commodities
Design
improving quality of
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
life: including
pharmaceuticals,
biochemicals,
petrochemicals,
polymers, etc)
New Challenges, New Frontiers
Current Research in Chemical Engineering at UCD
• Departmental Research Strengths:
Dynamic group of (comparatively) young staff with
qualifications and capabilities in many of the strategic areas
listed in the U.S. National Research Council Report (2003) as
well as reports from Forfás, the EPSRC and Engineering
Institutions.
Substantial recent funding (~€3.5M) provides the stimulus for
growth.
• Gaps :
In Process Design, downstream
materials and protein chemistry.
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
processing,
advanced
New Challenges, New Frontiers
Beyond the Molecular Frontier (U.S. National Research Council Report
on Challenges for Chemical Engineering and Chemistry (2003))
Nine strategic areas:
1.
Synthesis and Manufacturing
2.
Chemical and Physical Transformations of Matter
3.
Isolating, Identifying,
Structures
4.
Chemical Theory and Computer Modelling: From Computational
Chemistry to Process Systems Engineering
5.
The interface with Biology and Medicine
6.
Materials by Design
7.
Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry
8.
Energy: Providing for the Future
9.
National and Personal Security
Chemical
Engineering:
Imaging
and
Measuring
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Substances
and
Multiphase Systems (Frank MacLoughlin and Dermot M. Malone)
Transport Processes in Airlift Reactors
Mixing, turbulence and mass transfer
Shear Effects on Plant Cell Suspensions
Capillary and turbulent jet flows
Scale-up of Liquid-Liquid Reactors
Evolution of transient size distributions, similarity transforms
Biochemical Engineering Processes
Microfiltration, immobilised whole-cells
Chemical
Engineering:
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Stimuloresponsive Hydrogel
Drug Delivery Systems
(Damian Mooney, Eoin Casey
and Don MacElroy)
5.0
27C
300K
g(r)
4.5
4.0
305K
307K
32C
34C
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
Chemical
Engineering:
2
4
6
r/Å
8
10
12
14
RDF of O-O on hydrogel backbone monomer of PNiPAM
for 24 Å simulation cell, solvated in liquid water.
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
Engineering Characterisation and Optimisation of Bioprocess Systems
Hydrodynamic Shear Sensitivity of Biocatalysts
(Patricia Kieran, Dermot Malone, Frank MacLoughlin)
scale-up
increased
RNA
oxidative
burst
O2-, H2O2
p re ssu re
ni d ci a to r
com p re sse d
a ir ni el t
p re ssu re
ve s se l
b el e d lni e
plant cell
suspension
cultures
Chemical
Engineering:
s ta ni el s s s te e l
p re ssu re ve s se l
g al s s
re ce vi ni g
ve s se l
shear
exposure
ce ll
su sp e n s oi n
ni el t
p e r si ta lt ci
p um p
Ingenuity at the Interface ...
apoptosis
Process Scale-up (Brian Glennon)
 how to reliably and predictably transfer lab-scale systems to large-scale production
 challenges: need to be able to model, monitor and manipulate processes
1000
Feed Rate (ml/h)
800
Glucose feed profile
600
400
200
0
recombinant protein production
with E. coli in fed-batch mode
0
Figure 1
CCD Camera
pharmaceutical
crystallization
Chemical
Engineering:
CCD
Illumination
lens system
Sapphire
window
Laser system
IngenuityObjective
at thelensInterface ...
5
10
15
Time (hrs)
20
25
30