Transcript Document 7282410

Chapter 7
Telecommunications,
the Internet, and
Wireless Technology
7.1
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Describe the features of telecommunications
networks and identify key networking technologies.
• Evaluate alternative transmission media, types of
networks, and network services.
• Demonstrate how the Internet and Internet technology
work and how they support communication and ebusiness.
7.2
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES (cont’d)
• Identify and describe the principal technologies and
standards for wireless networking, communication,
and Internet access.
• Assess the business value of wireless technology and
important wireless applications in business.
7.3
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
Hyatt Regency Osaka Uses Wireless Networking for High-Touch Service
• Problem: Overcoming poor location and steep
competition.
• Solutions: Deploy IP network, wireless LAN, and wireless
clients with links to customer database to increase
service and revenue.
• Wireless mobile access to customer systems and
wireless data and voice services enable employees to
work more efficiently and focus on customers.
• Demonstrates IT’s role in providing superior customer
service and redesigning processes and job functions.
• Illustrates digital technology’s ability to overcome
business weaknesses by creating new strengths.
7.4
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN
TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD
• A networking and communications revolution led
by Internet-based technologies
• 1 billion instant messages per day
• 4 billion e-mails each day
• 65 million music files downloaded
7.5
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
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TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN
TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD
• Estimated 3.9 billion photos sent over the Internet
• $769 billion spent in the United States on
telecommunications equipment and services
• Today, networking and the Internet are
synonymous with doing business.
7.6
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Chapter 8
Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Networks and Corporate Infrastructure
• A network consists of two or more connected
computers.
• Each computer on the network contains a
network interface device called a network
interface card (NIC).
• The connection medium for linking network
components can be a telephone wire, coaxial
cable, or radio signal in the case of cell phone
and wireless local area networks.
7.7
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Chapter 8
Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Networks and Corporate Infrastructure (Continued)
• The network operating system (NOS) routes and
manages communications on the network and
coordinates network resources.
• Networks also contain a switch or a hub acting as
a connection point between the computers.
• Hubs are very simple devices that connect
network components, sending a packet of data to
all other connected devices.
7.8
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 8
Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Networks and Corporate Infrastructure (Continued)
• A switch has more intelligence than a hub and
can filter and forward data to a specified
destination. Switches are used within individual
networks.
• A router is a special communications processor
used to route packets of data through different
networks, ensuring that the message sent gets to
the correct address.
7.9
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Chapter 8
Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Components of a Simple Network
7.10
Figure 7-1
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN
TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD
The Business Telecommunications Environment
• Telecommunications environment provides
connectivity by providing communication
channels for text, voice, and video images.
• The network infrastructure for a large corporation
consists of many different kinds of networks for
both data and voice communication.
• Most of these different kinds of networks are
moving towards a common Internet foundation.
7.11
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Chapter 8
Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN
TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD
Corporate Network Infrastructure
7.12
Figure 7-2
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 8
Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Digital Networking Technologies
• Client/Server Computing
• TCP/IP and Connectivity
7.13
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Client/Server Computing:
• Client/server computing is a distributed computing
model in which much of the processing power is
located within small, inexpensive client computers.
• The powerful clients are linked to one another
through a network that is controlled by a network
server computer.
• The server sets the rules of communication for the
network and provides every client with an address
so others can find it on the network.
7.14
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
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CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
TCP/IP and Connectivity:
• TCP/IP is the communications protocol used by the
Internet and all Internet devices.
• TCP/IP provides for breaking up digital messages
into packets, routing them to the proper addresses,
and then reassembling them into coherent
messages.
• TCP/IP uses a suite of protocols: TCP and IP.
7.15
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
• Handles the movement of data between computers
• Establishes a connection between the computers,
sequences the transfer of packets, and
acknowledges the packets sent
7.16
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Internet Protocol (IP):
• Responsible for the delivery of packets
• Includes the disassembling and reassembling of
packets during transmission
7.17
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Functions of the Modem
7.18
Figure 8-7
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Types of Networks
Type
Local Area Network (LAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
7.19
Area
Up to 500 meters (half a mile); an
office or floor of a building
Up to 1,000 meters (a mile); a college
campus or corporate facility
A city or metropolitan area
Transcontinental or global area
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
Local Area Networks
•
•
•
•
7.20
A LAN connects computers and other digital
devices within a short distance (One building or
several buildings in close proximity).
It allows all computer users to connect with each
other to share information and devices, such as
printers.
Cabling or wireless technology links computers,
network interface cards, and software
Ethernet is the dominant LAN standard.
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Physical Transmission Media
The different kinds of physical transmission media used
by the networks are:
• Twisted Wire
Copper wire twisted in pairs
Older analog transmission medium
Can be used for digital signals
• Coaxial Cable
Insulated copper wire
Faster, more interference-free than twisted pair
Difficult to install; doesn’t support analog signals
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Physical Transmission Media
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
7.22
Fiber Optics and Optical Networks
Strands of clear glass fiber bound into cables
Has the greatest capacity of the telecommunications media.
A fast, light and durable transmission medium.
Can transfer large volume of data.
More expensive, harder to install.
Wireless Transmission
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
Transmission Speed
• Bandwidth -The capacity for information flow
over a telecommunications channel, measured
by bits per second (BPS).
• This is the frequency range of a
telecommunications channel; it determines the
channel’s maximum transmission rate.
7.23
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
Transmission Media
Transmission Speed
7.24
Twisted wire
Up to 100 Mbps
Coaxial cable
Up to 1Gbps
Fiber-optic cable
Up to 6+ Tbps
Low cost
High cost
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
THE INTERNET
Technically, the Internet is a global information system
defined by three characteristics:
• A network composed of computers and other
devices that are logically linked together by a
unique address space based on the Internet
Protocol
7.25
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET (Continued)
• A network where network devices are able to
support communications using TCP/IP or other
compatible protocols
• A network that provides high-level services layered
on a communication and network infrastructure
7.26
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Internet Addressing, Architecture, and Governance
The Domain Name System:
Every device connected to the Internet has a unique
32-bit numeric IP address.
• A Domain Name System (DNS) converts IP
addresses to English-like domain names.
• The domain name is the name that corresponds to
the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each
computer connected to the Internet.
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Internet Addressing, Architecture, and Governance
(Continued)
The Domain Name System:
• DNS servers maintain a database containing IP
addresses mapped to their corresponding domain
names.
• To access a computer on the Internet, users need
only specify its domain name.
7.28
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
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THE INTERNET
The Domain Name System
7.29
Figure 7-8
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Internet Architecture:
Internet Network Architecture
7.30
Figure 7-9
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Internet Governance:
No one “owns” the Internet, however, worldwide
Internet policies are established by the following
organizations:
• Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN)
7.31
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Internet Governance: (Continued)
• Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC)
• Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• Internet Society (ISOC)
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
7.32
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Major Internet Services
• E-mail: Person-to-person messaging; document
sharing
• Usenet newsgroups: Discussion groups on
electronic bulletin boards
• LISTSERVs: Discussion groups using e-mail mailing
list servers
• Chatting and instant messaging: Interactive
conversations
Table 8-6
7.33
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Major Internet Services (Continued)
• Telnet: Logging on to one computer system and
doing work on another
• FTP: Transferring files from computer to computer
• World Wide Web: Retrieving, formatting, and
displaying information (including text, audio,
graphics, and video) using hypertext links
7.34
Table 8-6 (Continued)
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
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THE INTERNET
The Internet and Business Value
The World Wide Web:
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):
communications standard used to
transfer pages on the Web.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• Web servers
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Searching for information on the Web
• The Internet lowers search costs
• Search engines
• Intelligent agents and shopping bots
7.36
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE INTERNET
Intranets and Extranets
Intranets:
• An intranet is an internal organizational
network that provides access to data across a
business firm.
Extranets:
• Allow authorized vendors and customers to
have limited access to its internal intranet
7.37
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION
AND E-BUSINESS
Groupware, Teamware, and Electronic Conferencing
• Groupware: Provides capabilities for supporting
enterprise-wide communication and
collaborative work
• Teamware: Enables companies to implement
collaboration applications easily that can be
accessed using Web browser software
7.38
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION
AND E-BUSINESS
Groupware, Teamware, and Electronic Conferencing
(Continued)
• Electronic conferencing tools: Provides a virtual
conference table where participants can view and
modify documents and slides or share their
thoughts and comments using chat, audio, or video
7.39
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION
AND E-BUSINESS
Internet Telephony
• Internet telephony: Enable companies to use Internet
technology for telephone voice transmission over the
Internet or private networks
• Voice over IP (VoIP) technology: Uses the Internet
Protocol (IP) to deliver voice information in digital form
using packet switching
7.40
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION
AND E-BUSINESS
How IP Telephony Works
7.41
Figure 7-13
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION
AND E-BUSINESS
Virtual Private Networks
• A virtual private network based on the Internet
Protocol provides a secure connection between
two points across the Internet, enabling private
communications to travel securely over the
public infrastructure
7.42
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION
AND E-BUSINESS
A Virtual Private Network using the Internet
7.43
Figure 7-14
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
The Wireless Revolution
• Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for
delivering digital data, used for recording and
downloading photos, video and music, Internet
access, and transmitting payments.
• An array of technologies provides high-speed
wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other
wireless handheld devices and cell phones.
• Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs,
increase flexibility, and create new products and
services.
7.44
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Wireless Transmission Media and Devices
• Microwave systems transmit high-frequency
radio signals through the atmosphere.
• Communication satellites are used for
geographically dispersed organizations.
7.45
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Devices for Wireless Transmission:
• Paging systems
• E-mail handhelds
• Cellular telephones
• Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
• Smart phones
7.46
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Cellular Network Standards and Generations
Standards:
• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
7.47
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Cellular Generations:
• 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice
communication
• 2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice
communication; limited data transmission
capability
7.48
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Cellular Generations: (Continued)
• 2.5G: Interim step toward 3G in the United States
• 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and
other rich media; always-on transmission for email, Web browsing, instant messaging
7.49
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access
• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Uses Wireless
Markup Language (WML) and microbrowsers
• I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for
continuous connection
7.50
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode
7.51
Figure 7-15
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
established a hierarchy of complementary standards for
wireless computer networks.
Global Wireless Network Standards:
• IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) for the Personal Area
Network (PAN)
• IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for the Local Area Network
(LAN)
7.52
Table 9-2
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Global Wireless Network Standards: (Continued)
• IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) for the Metropolitan Area
Network (MAN)
• IEEE 802.20 (proposed) standard for the Wide
Area Network (WAN)
Table 9-2 (Continued)
7.53
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Bluetooth
• Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area
• Low power requirements
7.54
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Wi-Fi
• Three standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g
• Infrastructure mode: Devices use access point to
communicate with wired network
• Ad-hoc mode (peer-to-peer): Wireless devices
communicate directly with each other
7.55
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
A Bluetooth Network (PAN)
7.56
Figure 7-16
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems:
Provide a powerful technology for tracking the
movement of goods throughout the supply chain
7.57
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Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
How RFID Works
7.58
Figure 7-18
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