Transcript Regional Trade and Free Trade Agreements ITUC Asia Pacific Labour Network APLN Meeting

ITUC Asia Pacific Labour Network
APLN Meeting
Sydney 30/31 August 2007
Regional Trade and
Free Trade Agreements
I. Asia-Pacific:
Trade and production Platform
Asia-Pacific:
• accounts for 20% of the world GDP.
• generates 25% of global trade.
• receives 18% of FDI.
Asian regional trade and production platform - Highlights :
•
Significant presence of intra-industry trade in intra-Asian exchanges.
•
Supported by significant vertical integration of the value chain with
participation of multinational companies.
•
The trade boom occurs on the fringe of free trade regional
agreements.
•
China’s central role as point of origin and destination of trade flows.
•
RTAs/FTAs reinforce this trend.
Asia-Pacific’s Presence
in the World Economy
Source: ECLAC
Strong productive transformation and realignment of Asian
economies around China’s expansion
 Headed by China, Asian countries are entering the
distribution chains of large multinationals that have
settled in the region due to its low labor costs and
China’s large potential market.
 For these companies, China is an option not only in the
low-tech product sector but also in that of new state-ofthe-art technology products.
Current status of the process that started 15 years ago
 2010, #1 world power, displacing the USA and Germany.
 2015, accountable for 50% of world trade.
 US pressure for adjustment of the Chinese currency exchange rate
in order to reduce its trade gap.
 USA filed WTO complaint against China for violations of
intellectual property rights and trade restrictions.
 Trade presence linked to multinational companies settled in China
(EU, USA, Japan).
 Nearly 450 of the 500 largest multinationals in the world have made
investments in China. It is estimated that 2/3 of foreign businesses
in China have made profits and that 2/5 of multinational companies
have had profit margins larger than their global average.
 60% of all Chinese exports are handled by these multinationals; in
the case of technology products, this number rises to 90%.
China and India
Economic and Strategic Influence

Key factor in significant changes in the global demand level and
structure.

China is the largest manufacturer in the world and the most rapidly
growing market.

India is a world vendor of business processes, services and information
technology.


Significant source of financial resources to maintain international
balances.
Offer financing for infrastructure and energy.

In the world map of EAP: 2000-2010:
10 million in Brazil and Mexico
62 million in China
93 million in India
China has turned into an export platform for its
neighbors targeting the USA and EU
LA & C compete
with ASEAN,
Australia and NZ
Source: ECLAC
China accumulates
large surpluses in
manufactured
products with the
USA and EU
Source:: ECLAC
Asia-Pacific: Source and Destination of a Large Portion of
Latin American Regional Trade
Source: ECLAC
Latin America: Main Products Exported to China
(% of total exports per country)
Exports concentrated in
natural resources except
Mexico and CA
Source: ECLAC
II. Regional and Free Trade Agreements
Facts and Figures:
The proliferation of RTAs/FTAs can be attributed, among
other factors, to: the slow progress of WTO negotiations,
the relative sluggishness of regional integration
processes and the bilateral search for market
diversification:
325 RTAs/FTAs worldwide have been registered with
the GATT / WTO.
Of these more than 200 have been signed over the
last eleven years.
The WTO estimates that in 2005 more than 51% of the
world’s goods were traded under preferential
agreements.
RTAs/FTAs Worldwide
Source: WTO
Asia-Pacific Region

Early ’90s: the only existing preferential agreements were regional
arrangements in the form of FTAs (ASEAN, ASEAN+3, Bangkok Agreement),
customs unions (MERCOSUR) and the GSP.

1990-1995: intra-regional trade was gradually liberalized within the
framework of LAIA agreements in the Americas, ASEAN and APEC
plurilateral agreements, and multilateral agreements (Uruguay Round).

1995-2000: emergence of agreements with extra-regional trade partners
such as the United States and Canada.

2000-2006: dynamic growth of preferential trade and investment
agreements:
 FTA: United States-Australia-New Zealand, China, Japan,
Singapore,India and Chile were the most active ones.
 RTA: ASEAN+China, ASEAN+USA, Japan’s proposal was to create
the Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA),
ASEAN+India.
 At intra- and extra-regional level, basically the countries that were
not dependent on trade with the USA.
Different trade structures
40 RTAs/FTAs in
APEC Region.
impact on regional blocs
The “Noodle Bowl” Process in Asia-Pacific (expanded)
 Strongest momentum in the mid-90s, though it did not
originate in Asia.
 Several countries stop being reluctant to sign preferential
agreements and join trade blocs: China, Japan, Rep. of
Korea and the Taiwan Province of China start entering
into bilateral and plurilateral agreements within and
outside Asia-Pacific.
 1976-2006, over 150 trade agreements of different kinds
recorded (Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Southern Asia and
former Soviet Union countries).
 Except Mongolia, all Asia-Pacific countries have
participated in at least one agreement.
The “Noodle Bowl” in Asia-Pacific
Causes
The need to speed up liberalization vis-à-vis the slow progress made in
WTO and APEC negotiations.
In APEC, no progress is made towards the Bogor goals and there are
institutional weaknesses, such as: non-binding commitments, blurred
objectives, too many members, too long an agenda, secretariat’s
dysfunctional structure and now new competitors at a regional level
(ASEAN+3 and the East Asia Summit, made up by ASEAN+6)
Results from the “chain reaction”: any agreement involving one of the
three giants (Japan, China and the Republic of Korea) will change the
relative competitiveness of the companies exporting to signatory
countries. This encourages exporting businesses from non-member
countries to put pressure on their respective governments to join in the
FTA race.
The “chain reaction” is well illustrated by China’s proposal to sign an
agreement with ASEAN, which was followed by similar offers to establish
broad economic alliances by Japan, the Republic of Korea, India,
Australia and New Zealand.
Trends
Growing agreement diversification: FTA/RTA/TIFA/TEF
Map of agreements in Asia-Pacific:
 12 regional/plurilateral agreements
 57 FTA in force (TIFA, TEF, CER)
 27 agreements with completed negotiations
 39 under negotiation.
 18 under consideration
North-South Agreements:
 FTA/TIFA/TEF: United States, Australia, New Zealand and

Japan actively involved in the signing of trans-Pacific
agreements with Thailand, Canada, South Korea, Chile, Peru,
Mexico.
RTAs: no progress in USA-ASEAN agreement; ASEAN
agreements with China, India and South Korea; progress in
ASEAN- Japan;
South-South Agreements:

FTA: Chile-Japan, Peru-China (FTA under consideration), Taiwan (2 FTAs with
Honduras and El Salvador), Singapore (3 FTAs), Philippines, Thailand, Korea,
China (has signed or is negotiating with 27 countries), India (agreements with
Chile and MERCOSUR).

Proposal to create a Latin American Pacific free trade area made up by CAN
countries and Chile.

Chile signed a FTA with Peru and invited it to join the P4 (Trans-Pacific
Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement- Brunei/Singapore/New Zealand).
Chile is also finalizing negotiations with Colombia and has accepted to join
CAN as an associate member.

Ecuador has stated its interest in joining APEC and has received support from
Chile, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Costa Rica-China approach with a view to becoming an APEC member; broke
off relations with Taiwan.

RTA: Chile-CAN, Chile-MERCOSUR, Russia-MERCOSUR, IndiaMERCOSUR, SACU-MERCOSUR; ASEAN strengthens links within its own
free trade area and with MERCOSUR.
Impact of complex WTO negotiations:
 EU shows interest in negotiating with Asian countries (India)
and APEC members: South Korea (2nd neg. round) with
China, Japan and 10 Southeast Asian countries.
 Switzerland begins studies for future negotiations with
China, Japan, Canada and Thailand.
 India signed FTA with New Zealand, Thailand, Japan (2nd
negotiation round), South Korea (began talks for a CEPA),
Singapore, Sri Lanka, Canada and ASEAN. Also announces
future agreements with China, Mexico, Brazil and South
Africa.
 Countries that have signed FTAs with the USA and are APEC
members move closer to the US position on NAMA.
China
2001,started developing its trade agreements network with the
signing of the Bangkok Agreement.
2006, concluded agreements or held negotiations with 32 countries
in Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Southern Pacific.
Applies a pragmatic strategy; there is no one single model for all
agreements.
Agreements with Hong Kong and Macao incorporate disciplines and
concrete rules, serving as instruments of trade diplomacy, as the
“one country, two systems” model.
Agreements with Australia and New Zealand incorporate general
commitments regarding cooperation issues.
Agreements with Pakistan, India, Chile and South Africa seen as
diplomatic efforts to build or consolidate strategic alliances and
guarantee the supply of natural resources.
ASEAN- China agreement seen as a diplomacy instrument to mitigate
the growing competition between ASEAN countries and China in the
field of trade and investments.
Stepped enforcement: starting with the “early harvest” program and
followed by the inclusion of other disciplines such as services,
investment and trade facilitation measures, as in the agreement with
ASEAN or with Chile.
Several agreements exclude sensitive products and sectors such as
the protection of intellectual property, sectoral liberalization, and labor
and environmental issues.
An important objective is to be recognized as a market economy by
the FTA signatory countries.
Two Proposals Regarding the Creation
of Large Economic Areas in Asia :
Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific within the sphere of APEC (FTAAP),
supported by the USA, Australia, Canada, Japan, Chile and Mexico.
Cons
Pros

No consensus regarding its political feasibility.


Would imply an agreement with China.

Changes in APEC: move to binding
liberalization commitments.

Contradicts the principle stated in Busan in
2005 regarding the fact that APEC should not
be an inward-looking trade bloc but a bloc
oriented to global free trade.

China and Japan interested in Asian
regionalism.

Different approaches to the FTA scope.

P4 (Chile/Singapore/Brunei/New Zealand)
example of a trans-Pacific FTA, try to bring
Mexico, Malaysia, Peru and Thailand on board).





Proposed by ABAC (Chile
2004).
Responds to the slow
progress made in WTO
negotiations,
Responds to the “Noodle
Bowl” effect,
Tries to boost compliance with
the Bogor Principles,
Answers to the intra-regional
agreements that would
discriminate against Non
Asian countries
Tries to avoid polarization
between Asia-Pacific
countries.
 The second proposal relates to the creation of an
intra-regional economic community:
ASEAN+3 (the 10 ASEAN members plus
China, Japan and the Republic of Korea).
ASEAN+6 (Australia, New Zealand and India).
ASEAN
Agreements to establish a closer economic partnership with its most
important trade partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and
the Republic of Korea).
Signed agreements that gave rise to various free trade areas, such as the
broader economic partnership agreements with China, India, Japan and the
Republic of Korea.
2004,established a Southern Asia free trade area that is expected to be fully
operational by 2016.
In 1997, regional economic cooperation was established for Central Asia.
Currently negotiating an Asia-Pacific trade preference agreement to replace
the 1975 Bangkok Agreement (Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement).
the ASEAN+3 or ASEAN+6 agreements are considered to be a second
wave of preferential trade agreements.
AUGUST 24, MERCOSUR-ASEAN were working in Brasilia.
NETWORK OF FREE TRADE
AGREEMENTS IN ASIA-PACIFIC
FTA/RTA: Early ´90s
Source: WTO
FTA/RTA: Early ´90s
FTAs/RTAs and Economic Cooperation Forums
in the Asia-Pacific Region
2007
EU
Taiwan
Japan
NAFTA
China
CARICOM
DR-CAFTA
GCC
SICA
Philippines
Thailand
CAN
Singapore
TIFAs
ASEAN
Vietnam
CSN
SACU
P4
ChilePeru
NZ,Brunei
Singapore
Peru
Korea
MERCOSUR
APEC
more than 51% of the world’s goods were traded under preferential agreements
11 Regional Agreements associated with the Asia-Pacific Region
AFTA
ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
SPARTECA
South Pacific Regional Trade And
Economic Cooperation Agreement
Australia, New Zealand, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia,
Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Samoa
BANGKOK
Bangkok Agreement
Bangladesh, China, India, Republic of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka
PTN
Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations
among Developing Countries
Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Republic of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia
MSG
Melanesia Spearhead Group
Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
Canada, Mexico, United States
CACM/SICA
Central American Common Market
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
CAN
Andean Community
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
MERCOSUR
Southern Common Market
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
LAIA
Latin American Integration Association
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru,
Uruguay, Venezuela
GSTP
Global System of Trade Preferences
among developing countries
Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia,
Cuba, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea,
Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco,
Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Republic of
Korea, Romania, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago,
Regional /Plurilateral
Agreements
Entry into Force
Type of Agreement
ASEAN
1967
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, created by the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore and Thailand, Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos, Myanmar (1997), Cambodia
(1998)
AFTA
1992
ASEAN Free Trade Area
ASEAN+3
1997
China/South Korea/Japan. East Asia Free Trade Area (EAFTA)
ASEAN+China
2003
Free Trade Area: 2010 China /Brunei/Philippines/Indonesia/Malaysia/Singapore/
Thailand , and in 2015 China/Vietnam/Laos/Myanmar/Cambodia.
ASEAN-European Union
2003
Trans-Regional Trade Iniciative (TREATI)
ASEAN-NZ/Australia
2005 (10th round)
FTA
ASEAN-Korea
2005
Preferential Agreement
ASEAN-USA
2005
Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)
ASEAN-Japan
2007 (under
negotiation-8 round)
Comprenhensive Economic Partnership(AJCEP)Agreement
ASEAN-India
under negotiation
APEC
1989
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (21 members)
GSTP
1989
Preferential Agreement: Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Rep. of Korea,
Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam,
PTN
1973
Preferential Agreement: Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Turkey, Pakistan, Peru,
Paraguay, Philippines, Rep.of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Uruguay, Yugoslavia
Bangkok Agreement
China’s accession
1976
2002
Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China, India, Rep./Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka)
USA-Canada-Mexico
1994
FTA/Services Agreement
Brunei, NZ, Chile, Singapore
Nov 2006( in force)
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
CAN+Chile
1988/2006
Preferential Agreement
Bilateral Agreements
Australia-New Zealand
ANZCERTA/CER
1983/1989
Closer Economic Relations (CER)
FTA/ Services
Australia-Papua New Guinea
PACTRA
1991
Trade and Commercial Relations
Agreement
Australia-Singapore
SAFTA
2003
FTA
Australia-China
2003
2005 (under negotiation-8round)
TEF
FTA
Australia-Japan
2003
2007(under negotiation-2round)
TEF
Economic Partnership Agreement
Australia-USA
2005
FTA/Services Agreement
Australia-Indonesia
2005 (signed)
TIFA
Australia-Thailand
TAFTA
2005
FTA/Services Agreement
Australia -USA/AUSFTA
2004 signed (in force)
FTA
Australia–Malaysia
2005 (under negotiation-7round))
FTA
Australia/NZ -ASEAN
2005(under negotiation-10round)
FTA
Australia-Gulf Cooperation Council
2007 (under negotiation-2round)
FTA
Australia- Rep. Korea
2006 (under consideration)
FTA
Australia-Chile
2007(under negotiation-1 round)
FTA
Japan-Singapore JSEPA
2002
2007 signed
Economic Partnership Agreement
Protocol Amending Agreement for
a New Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA)
Japan-Korea
2003(suspended)
FTA/Services Agreement
Japan-Mexico
2005
Economic Partnership Agreement
(Investment /Services)
Japan-Chile
2007(in force-September 3)
FTA/Economic Cooperation Agreement
Japan- Canada
2005
2006 (under consideration)
TEF
Pursue a TIFA or FTA
Japan-Malaysia
2005 (under negotiation)
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Indonesia
2007 (signed-August)
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Philippines
2006
FTA
Japan-Thailand
2005 signed (2007 ratified by
Parliament)
FTA
Japan-Vietnam
2007 (under negotiation- 4
round)
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan- Brunei Darussalam
2007 signed
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Gulf Cooperation
Council
(under negotiation)
FTA
Japan- Switzerland
2007(under negotiation-2 round)
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan- Australia
2007(under negotiation-2 round)
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-India
2007(under negotiation-3 round)
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-ASEAN
2007(under negotiation-8 round)
Comprehensive Economic Partnership
(AJCEP) Agreement
Japan-Comprehensive
Economic Partnership in
East Asia (CEPEA)
2006 PROPOSAL
Establish trade and investment links
between the ten-member Association
of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
and the six other members of the East
Asia Summit -- China, South Korea,
Japan, India, Australia and New
Zealand.
New Zealand-Australia
1983
CER
New Zealand-Singapore
2001
(NZCEP)
New Zealand-Hong Kong
2002 (suspended-5 round)
CER
New Zealand-China
2004
2005 (under negotiation-12
round)
TEF
FTA
New Zealand-Malaysia
2005 (under negotiation-6 round)
FTA
New Zealand-Thailand
2005
Closer Economic
Partnership
(NZTCEP)
Brunei/Chile/New
Zealand/Singapore
2005(signed- in force)
TRANSPACIFIC
SEP
New Zealand/AustraliaASEAN
2005(under negotiation-10
round)
FTA
New Zealand-Gulf
Cooperation Council (GCC)
2007(under negotiation-2 round)
FTA
Singapore-New Zealand
2001
Closer Economic Partnership
(NZSCEP) FTA/ Services Agreement
Singapore-Australia
2002
SAFTA
Singapore-USA
2004
FTA
Singapore--Panama
2006
FTA
Singapore- Rep. of Korea
2005 signed
FTA
Singapore-Mexico
2000 (6 round of negotiations)
FTA
Singapore-Japan
2007 signed
Protocol Amending Agreement for a New Age
Economic Partnership (JSEPA)
Singapore-China
2006- (1round of negotiations)
FTA
Singapore-Canada
2002 (3 round of negotiations)
FTA
Singapore- Pakistan
2005 (under negotiations)
FTA
Singapore-Gulf Cooperation
Council
2006 (under negotiation)
FTA
Singapore-ASEAN/Australia/New
Zealand
2005 (under negotiation)
FTA
Singapore-Ukraine
2007 (launch negotiation)
FTA
Singapore- Brunei, NZ, Chile,
Nov 2006 ( in force)
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic
Partnership Agreement
Singapore-Switzerland, Iceland,
Liechtenstein and Norway
2003 in force
ESFTA
Singapore-India
Singapore-Jordania
Singapore-Sri Lanka
( under consideration)
Singapore-European Free
Association
2003 in force
ESFTA
Taiwan-Panama
2003
FTA
Taiwan-Nicaragua
2006 signed
FTA
Taiwan-Honduras
2007 signed
FTA
Taiwan-El Salvador
2007 signed
FTA
Taiwan-Paraguay
(under negotiation)
FTA
Taiwan-Rep
Dominicana
(under consideration)
FTA
Taiwan-Guatemala
2006 signed
FTA
Taiwan-Malaysia
Rep. of Korea-Chile
2004 in force
KCFTA
Rep. of Korea-European
Free Trade Association
2006 in force
EFTA
Switzerland,
Norway, Iceland
and
Liechtenstein
Rep. of Korea-Singapore
2006 in force
KSFTA
Rep. of Korea-USA
2007 (pending US
Congress)
FTA
Rep. of Korea-Canada
2007 (under negotiations10 round)
FTA
Rep. of Korea-India
2007 (under negotiations-6
round)
CEPA Comprehensive
Economic Partnership
Agreement
Rep. of Korea-China
(under consideration)
Rep. of Korea -Thailand
(under negotiation)
Rep of Korea -Malaysia
(under consideration)
Rep of Korea -ASEAN
Rep of Korea MERCOSUR
(under consideration)
Thailand-Australia
2005
FTA
Thailand-New Zealand
2005
FTA
Thailand-Peru
2005 signed
1st phase of the FTA: “Protocol to
Accelerate the Liberalization of
Trade in Goods
Thailand-United States
2005 (4th round of
negotiations)
FTA on the basis of the TIFA
Thailand-India
2007 signed
1st phase of the FTA- Early
Harvest Agreement
Thailand-Japan
2005 signed (2007 ratified
by Parliament)
Thailand- Rep. of
Korea
2006 under consideration
Thailand-China
2006 under consideration
Thailand-CER
2006 under consideration
Thailand-Bahrein
Under negotiation
Thailand-Chile
2006 under consideration
Thailand-MERCOSUR
Under consideration
USA-Canada
1995
NAFTA
USA-Mexico
1995
NAFTA
USA-Brunei
2004
TIFA
USA-Philippines
2004
TIFA
USA-Indonesia
2004
TIFA
USA-Chile
2004
FTA/Services Agreement
USA-Singapore
2004
FTA/Services Agreement
USA-Thailand
2004
TIFA
USA-Australia
2004 signed (in force)
FTA
USA-Malaysia
2005
TIFA
USA-Vietnam
2006
Agreement “in principle” for
accession to WTO
USA-Peru
2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
USA- Rep. of Korea
2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
USA- Taiwan
(under consideration)
FTA
Canada-Chile
1997
FTA
Canada-Singapore
2002 (3rd round stand by)
Canada-Korea
2004 (under negotiation10th round)
FTA
Canada-Japan
2005
2006 (under consideration)
TEF
FTA
Canada –Colombia/Peru
2007 (under negotiation1round)
FTA
Canada –Economic Free
Trade Association
2007 signed
EFTA Switzerland, Norway,
Iceland and Liechtenstein.
Chile-Mexico
1999
2006
FTA
Agreement Expansion/Services
Agreement
Chile-Rep. Of Korea
2004
FTA/Services Agreement
Chile-China
2006
2006 (negotiation of expansion)
FTA
Services Agreement
Chile-Peru
2006 (signed)
FTA/Services Agreement
Chile-Vietnam
2006 Under consideration
FTA
Chile-Thailand
2006 (under negotiation)
FTA
Chile-Japan
2007
FTA
Chile-Colombia
2006 (pending in Congress)
FTA
Chile-Peru
2006 (pending in Congress)
FTA
Chile -Panama
2006 (pending in Congress)
FTA
Chile-India
2006 (pending in Congress)
FTA
Chile -Japan
2007 in force
FTA
Chile -Australia
2007 (under negotiation-1 round)
FTA
Chile -Malaysia
2007 (under negotiation-1 round)
FTA
Chile -Turkey
2007 (under
consideration/study)
FTA
Peru-Thailand
2005 signed
FTA
Peru-USA
2007 (pending US Congress)
FTA
Peru-China
2007 (under consideration in
perspective APEC 2008)
FTA
Peru-European Free Trade
Association
2007 (under negotiation-1 round)
EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland
and Liechtenstein.
Peru-India
2007 (under consideration)
FTA
Peru-Singapore
(under negotiations)
NAFTA
1995 in force
FTA USA-CanadaMexico
Mexico-Chile
1999 in force
FTA
Mexico-Peru
1995 in force
Economic
Complementarity
Agreement
Mexico-Singapore
2000 (6th round of
negotiations)
FTA
Mexico-Japan
2005 in force
FTA
Mexico-Rep. Of Korea
under negotiation
Philippines-China
1975
Philippines-Korea
1975
Philippines-Indonesia
1975
Philippines-Russia
1976
Philippines-New Zealand
1977
Philippines-Korea
1978
Philippines-Vietnam
1978
Philippines-United States
1979
Philippines-Thailand
2000
Philippines- Japan
2006
Philippines- Pakistan
Under
consideration
Laos-Thailand
1991
Philippines has a model trade
agreement approved by the TRM
Cabinet Committee for purposes of
negotiating trade accords with other
countries.
Preferential Agreement
China-India
2003
2004 under
consideration
Bangkok Agreement
FTA
China-Hong Kong
2004
Closer Economic Partnership Agreement
(CEPA)
China-Macao
2004
Closer Economic Partnership Agreement
(CEPA)
China-Peru
2004 talks
Comprehensive Cooperation Partnership
China-Pakistan
2005
FTA “Early Harvest” Program
China-Chile
2006
Partial Scope Agreement
China-Fiji
2006
Economic Cooperation Agreement
China- New Zealand
2006
negotiations
12th round of negotiations of FTA
China, Australia, Japan,
South Korea
2006 under
consideration
Pan-Asia Trade Deal
China-South American
Customs Union (SACU)
2004 under
consideration
RTA (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South
Africa and Swaziland)
China-India
2004 under
consideration
FTA
China-Singapore
under
negotiation
FTA
China-Iceland
2006
consideration
stage
completed
China-Gulf
Cooperation Council
China-EU
RTA (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE,
Kuwait. Oman, Qatar)
2006 proposal
China-Thailand
China-Rep of Korea
China-ASEAN
FTA
(under
consideration)
New 'Partnership and Cooperation
Agreement'. Updating a 1985 bilateral
cooperation accord to focus more on
trade and investment, the new
agreement will attempt to go beyond
China's WTO commitments to open
additional sectors of its economy to
foreign competition.
Non APEC Member
India-Bangkok Agreement
1976
Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China,
India, Rep. of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka )
India-South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
1995
RTA
India-Thailand
2003
FTA “Early Harvest” Program
India-ASEAN
2004
Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
“Early Harvest” Program”
India-MERCOSUR
2004
Preferential Agreement seeking to become a
FTA.
India/Bangladesh/Myanmar/Sri
Lanka/Thailand
2004
Framework Agreement
India-SAFTA
2004
RTA (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka)
India- Southern Africa Customs Union
(SACU)
2002 under
negotiation
Framework Agreement - draft agreed on in 2004
India-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
2006 under
negotiation
RTA 1st round
India-China
2004 under
consideratio
n
FTA, they have agreed to sign the agreement in
2007
India-EU
2007
Have agreed to step up efforts towards a
"broad-based" bilateral trade and investment
pact, aiming to conclude a deal by 2009
India-Singapore
2005
Comprehensive Economic Cooperation
Agreement (CECA)
India-Chile
2006 under
ratification
Partial Scope Preferential Agreement
India-Egypt
FTA
India-Indonesia
Memorandum of understanding to
begin studies.
India-Japan
2006 under
negotiation
FTA
India-Malaysia
2005 under
consideration
Cooperation Agreement
India-Peru
2006 under
negotiation
Preferential Agreement similar to that
of Chile
India- Rep. of Korea
2006 under
consideration
FTA
Thanks