Transcript The Effects of Technology Use in Literacy Instruction Annie Harary

The Effects of
Technology Use in
Literacy Instruction
Annie Harary
Education 702.22
Fall 2009
Table of Contents

Introduction
 Statement
of the Problem
 Review of Related Literature
 Statement of the Research Hypothesis

Methods
 Participants
 Instruments
Statement of the Problem

3 out of 10 students in grades 3 to 8 are not
reading at their grade level.

New York City students are underperforming
versus New York State (“New York City,” 2009).

Embarrassment factor

Technology as possible solution
Review of Related Literature
Theorists

Lev Vygotsky
 Social
interaction, More Knowledgeable
Other, Active role in learning


(“Social Development Theory,” n.d.)
Howard Gardner
 Multiple Intelligences Theory
 (Gardner, 2000; Gardner & Walters, 1993)

Rita and Kenneth Dunn
 Different learning styles
 (“The Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Model of Instruction,”
n.d.)
Review of Related Literature

Electronic Books / CD-ROM Storybooks

(de Jong & Bus, 2002; Doty, Popplewell, & Byers 2001; Grimshaw,
Dungworth, McKnight, & Morris, 2007; Lefever- Davis & Pearman, 2005;
Matthew, 1997; Mollin, 2005; Pearman, 2008; Pearman & LefeverDavis, 2006; Ricci & Beal, 2002; Rhodes & Milby, 2007; Shamir & Korat,
2006; Trushell & Maitland, 2005)
 PROS
 Individualized
support
 Removes burden of decoding
 Develops phonemic awareness, phonics,
fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension
Review of Related Literature

Electronic Books / CD-ROM Storybooks
 PROS
(continued)
 Increases motivation to read
 Better comprehension scores vs. traditional printed
books
 CONS
 Seen as a game
 Not beneficial to every student
 Become reliant on ‘help’ features
Review of Related Literature

Laptops / Internet

(Barone & Wright, 2008; Kaya, O’Connor-Petruso, & Girelli-Carasi,
2010; McGrail, 2007; Mioduser, Tur-Kaspa, & Leitner, 2000)
 PROS
Higher student engagement
 WebQuests, web sites, instant messaging, blogs
 Improve reading skills
 CONS
 Cost, time, availability, support, teacher skills
 Social isolation, limited communication, off-task
behavior

Review of Related Literature

Interactive White Boards

(Shenton & Pagett, 2007)
 PROS
 Engage
and facilitate student participation
 Variety of multimodal texts
 CONS
 Little professional development
 Technical support
Review of Related Literature

Artificial Intelligence

(Sternberg, Kaplan, & Borck, 2007; Warschauer & Grimes, 2008)
 PROS
 Enhance
writing skills
 Immediate and increased feedback
 Work at own pace
 CONS
 Limited writing prompts
 Superficial revisions
Review of Related Literature
 Digital

Storytelling
(Robin, 2008)
 PROS
 Increases
comprehension
 Encompasses multiple literacy skills
 Personal connection
 Promotes 21st Century Literacy
 CONS
 Few studies conducted
Review of Related Literature

Audiobooks (Wolfson, 2008)
 PROS
 Improve reading skills
 Focus on meaning
 Listen at own pace

LCD Projector (Black, Brill, Eber, & Suomala, 2005)
 PROS
 Read Along
 Higher student attention
 Retelling scores higher
Statement of the Hypothesis

HR1: The reading comprehension skills
and motivation to read of twenty-seven
Second-grade students in P.S. X will
increase if technology is integrated into
their reading activities over the course of
four weeks.
Methods
 Participants
27
SecondGrade students
in P.S. X
7 – 8 years old
11 males and 16
females
Methods
 Instruments
 Consent
Forms
 Surveys
 Technology
 Electronic
books
 Interactive white boards
References










Barone, D., & Wright, T. E. (2008). Literacy instruction with digital and media technologies. The Reading
Teacher, 62(4), 292-302. Retrieved September 20, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.
Black, N., Brill, A., Eber, D., & Suomala, L. (2005, July). Using technology to compare the instructional
effectiveness of read aloud and read along materials in an elementary classroom. Retrieved
September 12, 2009, from ERIC database. (Eric Document Reproduction No. ED496975).
de Jong, M. T., & Bus, A. G. (2002). Quality of book-reading matters for emergent readers: An experiment with the
same book in a regular or electronic format. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(1), 145-155. Retrieved
October 11, 2009, from PsycARTICLES database.
Doty, D. E., Popplewell, S. R., & Byers, G. O. (2001). Interactive CD-ROM storybooks and young readers’
reading comprehension. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(4), 374-384. Retrieved
September 13, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.
The Dunn and Dunn learning style model of instruction (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2009, from
http://www.ethica.dk/doc_uflash/The%20Dunn%20and%20Dunn%20Learning%20Style%20Model%20of
%20Instruction.htm
Gardner, H. (2000). Can technology exploit our many ways of knowing? Retrieved October 10, 2009, from
http://www.howardgardner.com/docs/Can%20Technology%20Exploit%20Our%20Many%20Ways%20of%
20Knowing.pdf
Gardner, H., & Walters, J. (1993). A rounded version. In F. Schultz (Ed.), Notable Selections in Education
(pp. 308-318). Connecticut: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin.
Grimshaw, S., Dungworth, N., McKnight, C., & Morris, A. (2007, July). Electronic books: Children’s reading
and comprehension. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), 583-599. Retrieved
September 13, 2009, from Education Research Complete database.
Kaya, M., O’Connor-Petruso, S,A,, & Girelli-Carasi, F. (2010). Literacy – A critical constituent for successful
globalization. In S.A. O’Connor-Petruso & F. Girelli-Carasi (Eds.), Globalization: Technology, Literacy &
Curriculum (Ch. 3). New York: Pearson Custom Publishing.
Lefever-Davis, S., & Pearman, C. (2005, February). Early readers and electronic texts: CD-ROM storybook
features that influence reading behaviors. Reading Teacher, 58(5), 446-454. Retrieved
September 12, 2009, from Education Research Complete database.
References










Matthew, K. (1997). A comparison of the influence of interactive CD-ROM storybooks and traditional print
storybooks on reading comprehension. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 29(3), 263-75.
Retrieved October 1, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.
McGrail, E. (2007). Laptop technology and pedagogy in the English language arts classroom. Journal of
Technology & Teacher Education, 15(1), 59-85. Retrieved October 11, 2009, from Education Research
Complete database.
Mioduser, D., Tur-Kaspa, H., & Leitner, I. (2000, March). The learning value of computer-based instruction of early
reading skills. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 16(1), 54-63. Retrieved October 18, 2009, from
Education Research Complete database.
Mollin, G. (2005, September). Hoover elementary turns to LeapFrog SchoolHouse. T.H.E. Journal, 33(2), 48.
Retrieved September 17, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database.
New York City students make progress in every grade on state reading tests (2009, May7). Retrieved from
http://schools.nyc.gov/Offices/mediarelations/NewsandSpeeches/2008-2009/20090507_ela.htm
Pearman, C. J. (2008, May). Independent reading of CD-ROM storybooks: Measuring comprehension with oral
retellings. Reading Teacher, 61(8), 594-602. Retrieved October 16, 2009, from Education Research
Complete database.
Pearman, C. J., & Lefever-Davis, S. (2006, March). Supporting the essential elements with CD-ROM storybooks.
Reading Horizons Journal, 46(4), 301-313. Retrieved September 17, 2009 from Education Full Text
database.
Rhodes, J. A., & Milby, T. M. (2007, November). Teacher-created electronic books: Integrating technology to
support readers with disabilities. The Reading Teacher, 61(3), 255-259. Retrieved October 16, 2009, from
JSTOR database.
Ricci, C. M, & Beal, C. R. (2002, March). The effect of interactive media on children’s story memory. Journal of
Educational Psychology, 94(1), 138-144. Retrieved October 3, 2009, from PsycARTICLES database.
Robin, B. R. (2008). Digital storytelling: A powerful technology tool for the 21st century classroom. Theory
into Practice, 47(3), 220-228. Retrieved September 12, 2009 from Education Research Complete
database.
References







Shamir, A., & Korat, O. (2006, March). How to select CD-ROM storybooks for young children: The teacher’s role.
The Reading Teacher, 59(6), 532-543. Retrieved October 3, 2009, from Education Research Complete
database.
Shenton, A., & Pagett, L. (2007, November). From ‘bored’ to screen: the use of the interactive whiteboard for
literacy in six primary classrooms in England. Literacy, 41(3), 129-136. Retrieved October 3, 2009, from
Education Research Complete database.
Social development theory (Vygotsky) (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2009, from
http://www.learningtheories.com/vygotskys-social-learningtheory.html
Sternberg, B. J., Kaplan, K. A., & Borck, J. E. (2007). Enhancing adolescent literacy achievement through
integration of technology in the classroom. Reading Research Quarterly, 42(3), 416-420. Retrieved
October 2, 2009, from Education Research Complete database.
Trushell, J., & Maitland, A. (2005, January). Primary pupils’ recall of interactive storybooks on CD-ROM:
Inconsiderate interactive features and forgetting. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(1), 57-66.
Retrieved October 11, 2009, from Education Research Complete database.
Warschauer, M., & Grimes, D. (2008, January). Automated writing assessment in the classroom. Pedagogies: An
International Journal, 3(1), 22-36. Retrieved October 18, 2009, from Education Research Complete
database.
Wolfson, G. (2008). Using audiobooks to meet the needs of adolescent readers. American Secondary Education,
36(2), 105-114. Retrieved October 16, 2009 from Education Research Complete database.