Transcript Document 7268286

萬聖節
主講人：Rtn. Kelly
松江扶輪社
Rotary Club of SUNGCHIANG
圓山大飯店大廳 金梅齋
93年10月30日（星期六）上午10:00-11:30
October
st
31
is Halloween
萬聖節是世界上最老的節日之一，在10 月31
日這天，有許多國家，如：美國,加拿大,英
格蘭,愛爾蘭,蘇格蘭,墨西哥,拉丁美洲,西班
牙等，都會慶祝萬聖節的來臨。
Halloween is one of
the world’s oldest
holidays, celebrated
in several countries
around the globe
including the USA,
Canada, England,
Ireland, Scotland,
Mexico, Latin
America, and Spain.
在2000多年前的愛爾蘭地區及法國北
部，住著一群塞爾特人，而萬聖節就
是起源於古塞爾特人的一個叫做
Samhain的節慶。
Halloween’s origins date back to the ancient
Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in).
The Celtic peoples lived over 2,000 years ago
In the area that is now Ireland, the United
Kingdom, and Northern France.
For the Celtic peoples, the New Year was
celebrated on November 1st of every year.
For the CelticThis
peoples,
New Year
wasof
celebrated
datethe
marked
the end
Summer on
and the
st
November 1 beginning
of every year.
This date marked the end of
of Winter.
Summer and the beginning of Winter.
This time of year was often associated with
human death.
塞爾特人選在每年11月1日慶祝新年
，正值夏天結束，冬天剛開始的時
節多半讓人聯想到黑暗的死亡。
The Celts believed that on the night before
the new year, the boundary between the
worlds of the living and the dead became
blurred as the dead searched for the afterlife.
Thus, on the night of October 31st, they
celebrated Samhain, when it was believed
that the ghosts of the dead returned to Earth
to cause mischief and trouble.
塞爾特人相信在新年的前一晚，陰間
和陽間的大門不再門禁森嚴，此時陰
間的鬼魂會趁機跑出來，為陽間的人
們帶來厄運。所以，在十月三十一日
晚上，塞特爾人會慶祝Samhain這個
節日，以趨魔避邪。
To commemorate the event, people built huge sacred bonfires
where animals and crops were sacrificed to the Gods for
protection, and to help scare ghosts away.
The Celts also wore costumes to disguise themselves, in an
attempt to confuse the spirits roaming the Earth.
塞爾特人藉著神聖的營火，燃燒獻祭的
動物和屍體，以趕走可怕的鬼魂並祈求
神的保護。同時，塞爾特人也會假扮成
鬼的樣子，企圖混淆跑到陽間的鬼魂。
The Impact of Christianity
By the A.D. 800’s, the influence of Christianity had spread into
Celtic lands.
Pope Boniface IV designated November 1st
All Saints Day, a time to honor Saints and
Martyrs. It was known as All Hallowmas.
Thus, October 31st became known as
All Hallows Eve, and eventually was
shortened to the current day title,
Halloween.
西元八百年時，基督教傳入塞爾特人居住的區域
。當時的教宗明訂十一月一日為萬聖節All Saints
Day，又稱 All Hallowmas，來紀念所有的聖人和
騎士。因此，十月三十一日就成了萬聖節前夕，
英文稱之All Hallows Eve，而後來人們便簡稱十
月三十一日為Halloween。
Even later, in A.D. 1000, the Christian church made November
2nd All Soul’s Day, a day to honor the dead.
It was celebrated with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in
costumes as saints, angels, and devils.
Together, the three celebrations, All Hallows Eve, All Saints’ Day
and All Souls’ Day, were called Hallowmas.
西元一千年左右，基督教訂定十一月二日為All
Souls’ Day ( 萬靈節 )來紀念所有的死去的靈魂
。藉著大型營火，遊行和變裝打扮成聖人，天
使或惡靈的方式來慶祝。
綜合這三個節日All Hallows Eve (萬聖節前夕)
，All Saints’ Day (萬聖節) 和 All Souls’ Day (萬
靈節)，就叫做Hallowmas.
Becoming an American Tradition
Halloween arrived in North America courtesy of Irish and
Scottish emigrants who brought stories of Samhain and
Hallowmas, as well as tales of ghosts and spirits with
them
in the 1840’s, during the Irish Potato Famine. The holiday
flourished into what is now modern day Halloween.
1840年代，愛爾蘭區發生了飢荒，一些愛
爾蘭及蘇格蘭人移民到北美洲，也把這些
習俗和鬼故事帶到了北美洲，漸漸地，北
美洲人也開始慶祝Halloween(萬聖節)。
Traditions of Halloween
許多關於Halloween(萬聖節)習俗，包括變裝打
扮，不搗蛋就給糖的遊戲，咬蘋果的遊戲，刻南
瓜燈籠，和點燃大營火等習俗，都可以追溯到塞
特爾人Samhain節，或是Hallowmas這些節日。
Many of the traditions associated with
Halloween can be traced back to the ancient
festivals of Samhain and Hallowmas.
Traditions include costuming, trick-ortreating, bobbing for apples, pumpkin
carving, and the lighting of bonfires.
Costuming
Costumes were worn by the Celts for
Samhain and the Christians for All
Hallows’ Eve as a disguise to confuse
and/or scare away the spirits/ghosts
they believed were freely roaming the
Earth from possessing their
souls.
Today, although we no longer believe
that spirits are flying freely,
modernized costumes are worn at
Halloween by children going trick-ortreating and by adults seeking fun and
amusement.
過去，變裝打扮是為了讓鬼魂
們搞不清楚，免得惹禍上身。
現在，雖然人們不再相信鬼魂
們會在陽間跑來跑去，但是小
孩子還是會裝扮自己到處玩不
給糖就搗蛋的遊戲﹔而大人則
是覺得裝扮自己有趣又好玩。
Trick-or-treating
不給糖就搗蛋的遊戲起源於要靈魂餅乾的習俗
，所謂的靈魂餅乾就是將烤好的餅乾祭祀過世的人
。後來，基督教會鼓勵貧窮的人在收獲的季節裡挨
家挨戶地乞求食物，若是得到食物，這些窮人就會
幫這家庭中過世的人祈禱以謝謝他們。
The modern day custom of Trick-orTreating originated from the very
old custom of “Going-a-souling” or
begging for soul cakes.
Soul cakes were baked goods
offered to souls of the departed.
The Christian Church encouraged
the practice of the needy going
from home to home gathering food
(Going-a-souling) at Harvest time.
Prayers for the recently deceased
from the needy were exchanged
with the giving family.
而窮人們對那些吝嗇不給食物的人通常會以惡作劇
來懲罰他們，或是詛咒他們下一年都會厄運纏身。
大部分人都認為不給糖就搗蛋是起源於惡作劇之夜
和要靈魂餅乾 (going-a-souling) 的習俗。
Those not offering goods were usually punished
with a trick on Halloween night or hexed with
misfortune for the next year. The term “trick-ortreat” is thought to have first originated in Britain
where Halloween was known as “Mischief Night”
and the practice of “going-a-souling” was common.
Pumpkin Carving
眾人皆知的傑克南瓜燈是刻在南瓜上，但人們一開
始是在蘿蔔，馬鈴薯或甜菜上刻燈籠，然後挖空並
點燃蠟燭在裡面，形成燈籠。這些燈籠代表著過世
的親友，並被放置在窗邊或門廊上，以歡迎他們回
來。他們也被視為可趨魔避邪的象徵。在北美洲，
蘿蔔，馬鈴薯和甜菜很罕見，因此常見的南瓜就成
了非常適合的代替品。
Carved pumpkins are traditionally known as
“Jack-o-lanterns.”
Traditionally, the jack-o-lantern was carved from a
turnip, potato, or beet and lit with a burning
candle. These lanterns represented the souls of
departed loved ones and were placed in windows
or set on porches to welcome the deceased.
They also served as protection from evil spirits
freed from the dead on Halloween night.
In North America, turnips, potatoes, and beets
were not as readily available, so the pumpkin was
used and found to be a suitable replacement.
Jack-o-lanterns
People have been making Jack-o-lanterns at Halloween for
centuries. The practice originated from an Irish myth about a man
known as “Stingy Jack.”
Stingy Jack one day invited the Devil to have a drink with him. Not
wanting to pay for the drink, he tricked the Devil into turning
himself into a coin, and then put the Devil into his pocket next to a
cross that prevented the Devil from changing back into his original
form.
Jack freed the Devil after the Devil promised not to bother Jack or,
should he die, claim his soul.
萬聖節刻傑克南瓜燈的習俗已經有幾世紀的歷史了。
為什麼要取名為傑克呢？在愛爾蘭人的傳說中有個有
名的小氣傑克。有一天小氣傑克請魔鬼喝酒，喝完後
，小氣傑克卻小氣地不想付錢，所以他就騙魔鬼，要
魔鬼把自己變成一枚硬幣，魔鬼變成硬幣後，小氣傑
克迅速地把硬幣放在口袋裡，和十字架放在一起，以
防魔鬼變回原形。之後，魔鬼對小氣傑克發誓，他絕
對不會對小氣傑克報仇，也保證傑克死了也不會讓他
下地獄。這時，小氣傑克才讓魔鬼變回原形。
Eventually, when Jack did die, God would not take him into
Heaven, and the Devil, who had promised not to claim Jack’s
soul, could not take him into Hell.
Thus, the Devil sent Jack’s spirit into the night with only a burning
candle to light his way. Jack put the candle into a carved out
turnip and has been roaming the Earth ever since.
The Irish began to refer to this ghostly figure as “Jack of the
Lantern,” and then simply as “Jack-o-lantern.”
到小器傑克死掉後，上帝不允許
他進入天堂，而魔鬼曾答應過他
不會讓他下地獄，所以傑克死後
哪都去不了。因此，魔鬼就讓他
的靈魂漂泊在黑夜裡，只留給他
一根燃燒的蠟燭來指引他．從此
以後，傑克就把蠟燭放在挖空刻
好的蘿蔔裡，並且一直留在人間
嚇人。愛爾蘭人一開始稱之為傑
克的南瓜燈籠( Jack of the
Lantern)，後來簡稱為傑克南瓜
燈( Jack-o-lantern)。
Symbols of Halloween
Modern day Halloween
celebrations use many symbols
to help make the holiday more
festive………
Some of these include…………
現代人用許多東西來慶祝
萬聖節，讓這個節日變得
更有趣。你知道
是哪些東西嗎？
蝙蝠是其中一項，因為蝙蝠只住在墳墓，洞穴和廢棄的教堂或建築
物中，又因為蝙蝠常令人聯想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他們被視為邪
惡的象徵。在傳說中，女巫和吸血鬼可以化身成蝙蝠，又因為吸血
蝙蝠是唯一一種飲血維生的哺乳類動物，因此蝙蝠常讓人聯想到死
亡或邪惡的儀式。
BATS
Because bats only fly at night and live in tombs, caves, and
abandoned churches and buildings, they are believed to be omens
of evil.
They are commonly associated with witches and vampires.
It is superstition that witches and vampires can take the form of
a bat.
Since the vampire bat is the only mammal that feeds on blood,
they are often linked to death and occult rituals.
女巫因為會算命又會下好咒語和壞咒
語，人們相信女巫們的能力在10月31
日這天會最強，所以讓很多人很害怕
她們。幾世紀以來，女巫的形象改變
許多，以前人們認為，女巫都是綠皮
膚，長的很老，臉上佈滿皺紋。現在
則很多人認為女巫的能力可以是邪惡
或具有智慧的。
WITCHES
Witches were thought
to be tellers of
fortune and to cast
spells, both good and
bad. This frightened
many because it was
believed that these
powers were
strongest on
Halloween night.
The image of a witch
has greatly changed
over the centuries.
Once thought of as
old, wrinkled, green
skinned hags, many
people associate
witchcraft to either
evil or as being wise.
女巫和掃把形影不離已有幾世紀之久，通常女巫會騎著
掃把在夜晚飛行，而她們的同伴黑貓會坐在掃把的另一
端陪著她們飛行．會什麼女巫會和掃把形影不離呢？因
為在萬聖節那天，通常會下著雨，而女巫們需要用掃把
掃掉地上的大水坑，或地上的積水以便行走。
Witches and broomsticks go
hand in hand. They have been
associated for centuries. Often,
witches are depicted riding
them across the night sky with
a black cat on one end.
It is believed that because
Halloween occurred during the
rainy season, women used their
broomsticks to vault over large
puddles and to sweep water out
of their paths while walking.
Thus, the two became
associated.
Broomsticks
OWLS
Superstitions suggest that
owls ate the souls of the
dying by swooping to Earth.
Owls screeches and their
glassy stare are an omen of
death and disaster.
The owl is rarely seen during
the day and is associated with
night behaviors.
傳說中，貓頭鷹會從天空
俯衝下來吃掉人的靈魂。
貓頭鷹的叫聲和眼神讓人
聯想到死亡和災難。再者
，貓頭鷹很少在白天出現
，也都讓人不得不認為他
們是屬於黑暗和恐怖。
BLACK
CATS
Cats, for centuries, have been
considered to be spiritual
animals that have the ability to
sense good and bad spirits.
Western superstitions detail
that black cats are able to
represent spirits or incarnated
humans, thereby linking them
to witchcraft.
Black is also the color most
commonly associated with evil.
從幾世紀前，人們就認為
貓是一種有靈性的動物，
它們能感應到好或壞的靈
魂。西方的傳說裡，有一
種說法，黑貓是靈魂的化
身。此外，黑色也是邪惡
象徵。
Ghosts & Skeletons
Ghosts are universal symbols for the departed. Skeletons and
bones are symbols of death and shortness of life.
Since Halloween’s origins lie as the festival of the dead, it seems
only fitting that ghosts and skeletons would be used.
鬼魂是公認的死亡象
徵﹔骷髏象徵死亡和
短暫的生命。既然萬
聖節一開始就是一個
鬼節，當然鬼魂和骷
髏就理所當然成了萬
聖節必見的東西。
Spiders & Webs
While many cultures feel that the spider and web represent
the weaving of life, in reference to Halloween, they
represent dark, spooky places and haunted houses long
forgotten.
很多文化都視蜘蛛和蜘蛛網為編織生命的象
徵，但在萬聖節，他們卻象徵著黑暗，恐怖
的地方或長久被遺忘的鬼屋。
Other Symbols
Other symbols related to Halloween
include the colors black and orange,
scarecrows, the moon, vampires,
werewolves, and the wearing of
masks.
其他還包括了黑色和橘色，烏
鴉，月亮，吸血鬼，狼人和面
具。