Transcript NSF Particle Physics & Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics Programs

NSF Particle Physics &
Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics
Programs
Fermilab Users’ Meeting
31 May – 01 June, 2006
R. Boyd, M. Goldberg, J. Kotcher,
M. Pripstein, R. Ruchti, J. Stone
Outline
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•
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Program description, overview
Budgets & funding
Award types
US LHC operations support
Deep Underground Science and Engineering
Laboratory (DUSEL)
• ILC
• Closing remarks
Note: throughout this talk, EPP = Experimental Particle Physics,
PNA = Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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NSF Act of 1950
• “To promote the progress of science…”
• NSB (24) and 1 Director, appointed by the President
• Encourage & develop a national policy for the promotion
of basic research and education in math, physical,
medical, biological, engineering and other sciences
• Initiate & support basic scientific research in the
sciences
• Provide information for science and engineering policy
development
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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NSF Organizational Structure
OISE/OCI/OPP
MPS
Broader Impacts, Added
Value, Partnerships
J. Kotcher
OISE = Office of International Science/Eng, OPP = Office of Polar Programs,
OCI = Office
of User’s
CyberInfrastructure
Fermilab
Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Particle Physics in Transition
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Discovery potential never greater – new chapter
LHC will dominate accelerator-based HEP in the near future,
many US projects phasing out
Next generation frontier accelerator requires multibillion $
investment and international cooperation
Vision is emerging, but is not yet totally clear (EPP 2010,
HEPAP, subpanels)
Intellectual breadth of NSF program reaches beyond energy
frontier, and accelerators in general
NSF supports ~10% of US program, ~40% of university
activities
DOE is primary steward of national accelerator complex and
will lead the ILC campaign
NSF will increase investment to broaden field, e.g. DUSEL,
while supporting university groups across frontiers
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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NSF FY07 Priorities
• From Feb 06 talk by M. Turner on FY07 Rollout:
– Advancing the Frontier (grant support)
– Facility Stewardship, Instrumentation and
CyberInfrastructure
– Broadening Participation
– Education and Workforce Development
$15M increase
for EPP in FY07
budget request
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Advancing the Frontier
Elementary Particle Physics (EPP), fundamental research
•
–
–
–
the energy frontier – the attempt to discover new fundamental
particles and laws of physics by studying collisions at the highest
energies achievable with current and future accelerators;
the neutrino frontier – exploration of the properties of the
neutrino, a particle now known to carry mass and believed to be
fundamental to understanding the developing universe; and
the cosmic frontier – the study of dark matter and dark energy.
Physics of the universe (POU), a set of activities carried out
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–
–
–
–
J. Kotcher
across
in partnership with DOE and NASA for exploring
the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy;
the earliest phases in development of the universe;
the fundamental nature of time, matter and space; and
the role of gravitation.
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Overall EPP/PNA Goals
• Empowering university-based investigators
• Adding value:
– Partnerships
• Building interdisciplinary collaboration
• Increasingly relevant as scope of EPP/PNA broaden
– Broadening Participation
• Single investigators
• Non-traditional, under-represented participants
• Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUIs)
– Education and Outreach Activities
– Above are among criteria for proposal review
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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EPP/PNA Portfolio
• University Program
– Accelerator- and non-accelerator based physics
– Computational physics
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•
•
•
CESR
LHC Construction and Operations
DUSEL
Accelerator and Detector R&D (APPI)
– ILC-related, and other, support
• Coordination with related disciplines, groups
• Partnerships
• PNA plays central role in funding a number of projects:
– HiRes, Veritas, Auger, CDMS, Xenon, WARP, PICASSO, DRIFT,
Milagro, QUIET, STACEE,…
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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MPS by Division
(Dollars in Millions)
AST
CHE
DMR
DMS
PHY
OMA
Total, MPS
Change FY 2006 Change
FY 2004 FY 2005
from
Current
from
Actuals Actuals 04 to 05
Plan
05 to 06
196.63
195.11
-0.8%
199.65
2.3%
185.12
179.26
-3.2%
180.78
0.8%
250.65
240.09
-4.2%
242.91
1.2%
200.35
200.24
-0.1%
199.30
-0.5%
227.77
224.86
-1.3%
233.13
3.7%
31.07
29.68
29.80
-4.1%
-0.4%
1,091.59 1,069.36 -2.0% 1085.45
1.5%
Change
FY 2007
from
Request 06 to 07
215.11
7.7%
191.10
5.7%
257.45
6.0%
205.74
3.2%
248.50
6.6%
32.40
9.2%
1150.30
6.0%
R&RA
4293.34
4234.82
-1.4%
4,331.48
2.3%
4,665.95
7.7%
NSF
5652.01
5480.78
-3.0%
5,581.17
1.8%
6,020.21
7.9%
MPS = Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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10-Year Funding History
MPS Subactivity Funding
(Dollars in Millions)
$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
$0
FY97
FY98
FY99
AST
J. Kotcher
FY00
CHE
FY01
FY02
DMR
FY03
DMS
FY04
FY05
PHY
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
FY06
FY07
OMA
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Base and Allied Funding:
EPP, PNA, Theory
Base
Accel Based
PA/NA/DUSEL
EP-Astro Theory
Total Base
J. Kotcher
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
42.31
9.05
10.84
62.2
48.17
11.07
12.06
71.93
51.09
12.68
9.23
73
48.75
14.69
10.05
73.5
51.60
15.98
10.63
78.22
4
6
3.2
0.7
4
6.3
1.7
0.7
7
6.5
0
0.29
7
5.65
0.75
0.55
Allied Funding
PFC
ITR/OCI/T2C
MRI
ESIE
PIF
Total Allied
13.9
12.7
13.79
13.95
MREFC
LHC construction
IceCube
16.9
15
9.69
24.54
41.75
47.62
2.35
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
49.85
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Base Detail:
EPP, PNA, Theory
Base ($M)
2004
2005
2006
$19.75
$18.00
$7.00
$6.00
$50.75
$18.19
$16.62
$10.51
$2.65
$47.97
$19.91
$14.56
$13.37
$0.99
$48.83
Accel (APPI)
$0.34
$0.78
$2.77
PA
NA
Underground
Subtotal
$10.21
$1.86
$0.62
$12.68
$11.07
$2.35
$1.27
$14.69
$12.40
$2.33
$1.26
$15.98
8.70
0.53
9.23
9.11
0.95
10.05
9.61
1.03
10.63
$73.0
$73.5
$78.22
EPP
CESR
LHC ops
RSVP closeout
Subtotal
EPP Thy
Ast/Cosm Thy
Subtotal
Total
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Funding History
EPP, PNA, Theory Funding by Fiscal Year
$30,000,000
Univ Program
Funding Level
$25,000,000
CESR
$20,000,000
LHC OPs
LHC Constr
$15,000,000
Accel (APPI)
RSVP closeout
$10,000,000
PNA+DUSEL
$5,000,000
Theory
$0
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Fiscal Year
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Distribution of Accelerator-Based
University Group Funding (FY05)
Tevatron
5,319
LHC
5,697
Neutrino
2,128
DESY/CERN
1,368
BNL/TJNAL
1,230
CLEO (not Cornell)
1,474
SLAC
504
TOTAL
J. Kotcher
17,720
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Base-funded
FTEs
(FY05)
FY2005 Base-funded FTEs
33 Universities
?? Theoretical Phys
(% change from FY2002)
Program
Theory
(2003)
Experiment
Accel based
Experiment
Not-acceler
Total
Nov 1 2005
J. Kotcher
# Faculty
17 Accel-based Expts
18 Not-accel Expts
# postdoc +
# grad
research scientists students
Total
132
63
44
239
94
(-4.1%)
79
(-1.3%)
99
(+4.2%)
272
25
(+12.2%)
35
(+12.8%)
41
(-4.5%)
101
251
177
184
612
Marv Goldberg
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Partnerships
• Cyberscience
– Tier 2 centers for LHC data analysis – with OCI
– UltraLight – with OCI
– Trillium/Open Science Grid (OSG) – with OCI and DOE
• Education with research
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–
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–
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QuarkNet – OMA, EHR and DOE/HEP
CHEPREO – with OMA, OCI, EHR, OISE
I2U2 – with OMA, EHR, PHY
Mariachi – OCI funded
CyberBridges – OCI funded
OCI = Office of CyberInfrastructure, OMA = Office of Multidisciplinary Activities, EHR =
Education and Human Resources, OISE = Office of International Science and Engineering
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Larger Award Types
• MREFC: Major Research Equipment and Facilities
Construction
– Awards for projects which exceed a minimum of $100M over
the project life. Involves the National Science Board (NSB)
directly. Timing depends upon Division, Directorate & NSF
priority, project readiness, etc.
– DUSEL, LIGO, LHC Construction, CLEO, IceCube
• MRI: Major Research Infrastructure
– Awards for developing university scientific infrastructure.
Proposal deadline is late January of a given year.
– Two award maxima, by type ($800k, $2M)
– Portions of the DØ Upgrade, MICE electronics development
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Coming New NSF Initiative
• Mid-Scale Instrumentation
– In the planning phase
• An Opportunity
– Intermediate between MRI and MREFC
• >$2M, <$100M
– 5 year time frame
– Various possibilities
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•
•
•
J. Kotcher
An experiment
Upgrades
Accelerator, Detector R&D, …
Equipment
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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LHC GRID Computing Tier Structure
NSF
University Regional
Tier 2 Center
PCs
University
New York Times : “To users [at Universities], thousands of computers and
millions of gigabytes of data will look like one single computing engine of
unprecedented power.”
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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QuarkNet will involve
100,000 students from
600 US high schools
J. Kotcher
“I saw the teachers change to
teacher/apprentice scientists
and this changed how they are
viewed by their students.”
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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NSF Funding of US LHC
• Highest Priority of EPP 2010 Report (NRC, May
2006) is to “Fully exploit opportunities afforded
by…LHC.”
• Earlier this month, the NSF National Science Board
approved the grant proposals for the full amount
requested - $87M over 5 years, beginning in FY07 for US LHC ATLAS and CMS Detector Operations
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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EPP 2010 on Diversity
“Particle physics, like all of other elements of the scientific enterprise, explores
the unknown, and this inevitably requires shouldering some uncertainty. Thus,
it is important to maintain a diverse and comprehensive portfolio of research
activities – from theory to accelerator R&D to the construction of new
experimental facilities to efforts to probe entirely new areas.”
From Findings and Recommendations: “In particular, it is important to recall
the strategic necessity of mounting, regardless of budgetary constraints, a
comprehensive program that reflects a diversity of scientific opportunities and
approaches to the scientific challenges facing particle physics. Under no
circumstances, therefore, should the committee’s top two or three priorities be
permitted to exhaust the entire available budget. Indeed, in the most
pessimistic budget scenario…the level of resources invested in the priorities
outlined below would need to be modified, but the need for pursuing a
diversified research portfolio would be unchanged.”
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Why deep?
Neutrino picture
of the Sun
Geo-microbes
Ground Truth
Frontier Science and Engineering Deep Underground
Large Block Geo Experiment
Coupled Processes
J. Kotcher
Creating large stopes:
size of cavity vs depth
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
Undergraduates in
South Africa mine
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DUSEL Overview
• Broad, rich, multidisciplinary scientific program
– Biology, Engineering, Geosciences, Physics
• Intrinsically strong program for education, outreach
• Excellent match to NSF mission
• Offers opportunity for growth, diversity during difficult time in
particle physics, other disciplines
• Many new and unique challenges:
– Multi-purpose national laboratory that will serve variety of scientific
communities over many decades
– New collaborations with other disciplines, organizations
• Laboratory infrastructure responsibility of NSF, experiments
will be joint DOE/NSF (+ foreign) initiatives
• Collaborative approach being sought with DOE from outset
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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http://nngroup.physics.sunysb.edu/husep/
Henderson DUSEL
Unearthing the Secrets of the Universe, Underground
Chang Kee Jung
Stony Brook University
P5 Meeting
Fermilab, April 18, 2006
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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DUSEL Status
• Two sites currently under consideration:
– Henderson Mine, Empire, CO (near Denver)
• PI: Chang-Kee Jung, SUNY Stony Brook
– Homestake Mine, Lead, SD (near Rapid City)
• PI: Kevin Lesko, LBL
• Conceptual Design Reports will be submitted
23 June 2006
• Down-select to single site targeted for summer 2006
• Site-specific technical design follows
• Process could lead to funding start in FY09
• DUSEL #1 priority for next new project start in
Physics Division
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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DUSEL Community Planning Activities
Bahcall report (2001): NSF-DOE sponsored ad hoc committee of scientists strongly recommended that
Homestake Mine
NSAC Long-Range Plan (2002): Strongly supported development of an underground laboratory to
enable some aspects of nuclear research, e.g., double beta decay.
NESS 2002: An NSF sponsored conference on Underground Science showcases the wide variety of
science that would be enabled with an underground laboratory.
Connecting Quarks to the Cosmos (2003): Known as Turner Report, NRC panel recommended
development of an underground laboratory to enable a number of fundamental science experiments.
HEPAP Long-Range Plan (2003): Supported development of an underground laboratory to enable
some aspects of high energy research, e.g., long baseline neutrino detector and proton decay
Neutrinos and Beyond (2003): Known as Barish Report, OSTP charged NRC panel emphasized
neutrino physics, much of which requires an underground laboratory; placed in international context.
EarthLab 2003: An NSF sponsored report of the GeoSciences and GeoEngineering opportunities that
would be enabled by an underground laboratory.
Physics of the Universe—A Strategic Plan for Federal Research at the Intersection of Physics and
Astronomy (NSTC) 2004: Strongly supported development of an underground laboratory for science
and engineering
Quantum Universe—The Revolution in 21st Century Particle Physics, 2004: NSF-DOE HEPAP Sub
Panel report identifies key science drivers and indicates need for DUSEL to address key questions
A lot more activities: NuSAG (HEPAP, NSAC, AAAS sub panel), Dark Matter sub panel, EPP2010…
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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A Sampling of the DUSEL
Scientific Program
• Multidisciplinary, diverse suite of experiments:
• Life at Depth
– Study of subsurface biosphere
– Isolated underground life forms
– Life forms at high temperature, pressure, associated genomic features
• Fluid flow and transport at depth
– Applications include stability of water supplies, hazardous waste
disposal, remediation of contaminated groundwater
• Rock formation at depth
– Seismic transmission, rock mechanics, etc.
• Mineral resources and environmental geochemistry
• Very low level counting facility, experiments
– Homeland security
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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DUSEL Scientific Program
• Science, technology and engineering innovation
– Novel microorganisms, analytic techniques for geomicrobiology, drilling
and excavation technology, environmental remediation, subsurface
imaging, …
– Creating pure crystals without cosmic ray induced “impurities”
– Creating very large stopes
• Neutrino physics
–
–
–
–
Neutrino-less double beta decay
Solar neutrinos
Other neutrino mixing angles, CP violation
Nuclear astrophysics
• Dark matter searches
• Matter stability
– Proton decay
• Supernovae neutrino observations
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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DUSEL R&D in FY07
• The NSF Physics Division is preparing to allocate up
to $6M for DUSEL in FY07, which will target:
– Site-non-specific, DUSEL-related detector R&D
• Competitive evaluation of proposals
– Site-specific technical design after the down-select in
summer
– Funding level assumes allocations are commensurate with
the FY07 request
• NSF Geomechanics & Geotechnical Systems
Program (Engineering Directorate) encouraging
submission of R&D proposals for DUSEL-related
design, construction and research in FY07
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Candidate DUSEL R&D
Projects in Physics
• Dark Matter Detection
• Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay
• Nuclear Astrophysics (accelerator based
cross-section measurements)
• Geoneutrinos
• Solar and Supernovae Neutrinos
• Low Background Counting Facilities (LBCF)
and Common Infrastructure
• Long Baseline Neutrinos and Proton Decay:
“Megaton” Detectors
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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International Linear Collider
• NSF support of ILC in FY05 ~ $0.75M in FY05
– University research in detector and accelerator
development ($0.25M)
• University support is partnership with DOE
– Support of GDE personnel & activities ($0.5M)
• Support for each was doubled in FY06, total
$1.5M
• Physics Division is in process of understanding
the most effective means of utilizing NSF
strengths to support ILC
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Committee of Visitors (COV)
Excerpts from report from Jan 2006 COV review of Physics Division:
“…panels are asked to prioritize proposals for different budget scenarios. This is a key
aspect of the… process since it requires the review committee to deal with the hard
choices that the Program Officers face.
We particularly commend the EPP program officers for… proactive management of
the portfolio, which has kept it lean and competitive.
…this is absolutely necessary in order to carve out room in the budget to fund young
faculty and start new projects.
We also commend the EPP program officers for their creative interactions with other
NSF programs and Divisions.
We encourage the continuation of this fresh and innovative thinking, and support their
efforts to implement new approaches to scientific management.
We also note the relatively low value of funded MRI proposals in EPP during past two
years…”
WE GET REVIEWED, WE LISTEN
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Closing Remarks
• Scientific opportunities as promising as ever
• Diverse array of exciting, fundamental questions to
be answered
• NSF will continue to try to maintain a properly
balanced portfolio as we rise to meet this challenge
• Commitment to university program is a cornerstone
of this process
• “We respond to proposals”
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Additional Slides
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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DUSEL Depth
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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2007-2012 SD support
DUSEL
Proposed
Underground Laboratory
Depth vs. Volume
DUSEL
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations
Homestake
2560 km
1315 km
1500 km
Henderson
FNAL
BNL
2760 km
Measure , CP and sign of m
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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Large Underground Cavities
J. Kotcher
Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006
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