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Chapter 16
Speeches to
Inform
“Obviously, a man’s judgment cannot
be better than the information on which
he has based it.”
– Arthur Hays Sultzberger, publisher New York Times
1
Types of Informative
Speeches
Public Lecture
Status Report
Briefing
Fireside Chat
Chalk Talk
Types of Informative
Speeches
Public Lecture
Special interest or expertise, invited to
speak
Conventions, Organizations
Status Report
Update on project
Business and social groups
Types of Informative
Speeches
Briefing
Changes in policy or procedure
Coaches, editors, politicians
Fireside Chats
Addressing concerns
FDR, can be used by heads of organizations to discuss
policies and goals
Chalk Talk
Use visual aids to give directions
Coaches, directors with blocking, drivers’ ed
What may follow Informative
Speeches?
Question and answer period
The Six Cs of Informative
Speaking
1
Be Clear
2
Be Concise
3
4
5
6
Will everyone understand?
Will I waste anyone’s time?
Be Complete
Have I defined the major points
(advance organizers)?
Be Correct
Have I checked facts?
Be Concrete
Do I have examples?
Connect
Will my audience relate?
Finding a Subject
Personal Experience
You are an expert on something
Observations
Read, attend a meeting, interview
Surveys
Find out what people want to know
Then narrow
How to Narrow
Time - period
Space - geography
Extent covered
Divide - single elements
How to Narrow a Thesis
Thesis is the goal of a speech or the thought
on which the speech is based
Examples:
Teenagers and Fads
• Slang used often comes from movies.
Healthy lifestyles
• Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables reduces
chances of getting cancer.
Famous Musicians
• Beethoven’s hearing loss may have helped him
compose.
Supporting the Thesis
Use Facts
Statistics
Evidence
Also use
Anecdotes
Quotations
Definitions
Descriptions
Audio and Visual Aids
Sight is our most dominant sense.
We pay 25 times as much attention to
visual information
than to other types.
Two-Dimensional Aids
Charts
Diagrams
Maps
Graphs
Drawings
Photographs
Cartoons
Specific Purpose
Chart
List information
Diagram
Show how something works
Map
Show routes, locations, relationships
Graphs
Make numbers tangible - show relationships in
data
Drawings, Photos and Cartoons
Pictures are worth a thousand words
Means of Developing
Chalkboard
Weakness is you turn your back and quality
Handouts
Weakness is the distraction
Projections
Overhead - weakness is quality, noise, and can’t build
Slides/Powerpoint - Vivid, professional, but can be overused
with too many and dark slides require a dark room
Video
Create your own or use a clip, but can make an awkward
break
Three-Dimensional Aids
Models
Cutaways
Just use them!
And Sound Recordings
Guidelines for Using Aids
Large enough
Master mechanics
Make sure it contributes
Don’t stand in front of it
Talk to audience not visual
Keep out of sight until ready to use
Don’t over do
Make sure you have backup
Practice, practice, practice
Recalling the Facts
Why are each of the 6 Cs of informative
speaking important?
Why is it often difficult to imagine what our
listeners are thinking?
Where can you get ideas about what subject to
speak on?
Why is it important to narrow your topic?
What will help you decide what material belongs
in your speech and what doesn’t?
What purpose do audio/visual aids serve?
What are some guidelines for using visual aids?
Look Back on Page 467 of textbook
Vocabulary
public lecture
status report
Briefing
fireside chat
chalk talk
advance organizer
cultural literacy
Narrowing
thesis
anecdote
quotation
definition
map
diagram
graph
handout
overhead projector
model
cutaway
Speech terms page 437 in textbook