Transcript Document 7257041

WW1 Peace
Treaties
&
The Legacy of the
War
13-4
Jessica, Sunny, Rachel
The Story so far…
► World
War I is over, the killing has ceased.
► January 18, 1919, a conference was built at
the Palace of Versailles.
 The Allied powers, the victors of WWI, meet to
clean up the war mess.
Meeting at Versailles
► Paris
Peace Conference
 Delegates representing 32 countries
 Major decisions were made by the Big Four:
► Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
► Georges Clemenceau (France)
► David Lloyd George (Great Britain)
► Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Woodrow’s Plan 1918
► Woodrow
proposed his Fourteen Points
 Outlined a plan for maintaining peace
 Proposed the following points:
► 1st
Point: End all secret treaties
► 2nd Point: Freedom of the Seas
► 3rd Point: Free trade
► 4th Point: Reduce national armies (trying to stop militarism)
► 5th Point: Colonial Fairness (trying to stop harsh imperialism)
► 6th-13th Points: Rearranging borders (self-determination)
► 14th Point: Create a general association of nations that would negotiate
solutions to world conflicts
Unsatisfied with Wilson’s plan
► Plan
threatened national security
► Plan was too nice– GB and France thought it
lacked punishment against Germany
 Wanted to take away Germany’s power
 Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay for France’s
suffering
► France
lost more than 1,000,000 soldiers and civilians during
wartime. This was about 11% of the population.
► France’s land was destroyed and devastated.
Treaty of Versailles 1919
►
►
French, British, and U.S. argued and finally compromised. The product
was The Treaty of Versailles.
Signed between Germany and the Allied powers, June 28. 1919.
 Adopted Wilson’s 14th point, created League of Nations
► Aimed for world peace, stopping further wars
► General Assembly, 32 allied and neutral nations
► Executive Council, the 5 Allied Powers
 U.S.
 Great Britain
 France
 Italy
 Japan
Germany and Russia were left out of the League of Nations.
Punishments Against Germany
►
Treaty of Versailles also punished
Germany:
 Portions of Germany’s territories
were taken away, colonies in Asia
and Africa were given to League
of Nations to be administered.
 Military restrictions
 Article 231-” Germany was solely
responsible for the war”,
therefore, had to pay reparations
to the Allies.
AlsaceLorraine is
given up to
France
Germany
Major Provisions pg. 381
League of
Nations
Germany
Loses
Territory
Germany is
restricted
in its
military
War Guilt
32 Allied
Nations,
Germany
has to
return
AlsaceLorraine to
France
Cannot
buy/build
military
weapons or
war
machines
Is declared
totally
responsible
for World
War I
But…
Germany &
Russia are
excluded
Germany
loses all of
its overseas
territory in
Africa &
Pacific
Set limit to
size of army
Has to pay
the
equivalent
$33 Billion
to Allies in
30 years
New Nations Formed
►
Negotiated between Allies and defeated nations (Austria, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1919, 1920. It literally broke down Europe
into many tinier new nations.
 Austro-Hungarian Empire was broken down into independent nations: Austria,
Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
 Ottomans had to give up all the land lost in Southwest Asia, losing Palestine, Iraq,
and Transjordan to British rule. Syria and Lebanon went to France. The Ottomans
could only keep Turkey.
 Russia lost territory to Romania and Poland. Also, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania (formerly part of Russia) become independent nations.
Europe Before WWI
After WWI
Unlasting peace
►
►
►
►
►
►
U.S. rejected the treaty
 Americans thought that if they wanted peace, they should get
themselves out of European affairs.
Germany is upset
 War-guilt clause caused them to hate the Allies.
 Economically devastated
 Militarily restricted
 In their point of view, unfairly sanctioned
Colonies were unsatisfied that they could still not gain independence
Japan and Italy did not get what they wanted out of the war—land,
so also backed out.
Without consent or support of U.S., the League of Nations could not
do anything to amend or take any action.
Observer at Versailles noted the treaty was merely, “a peace built on
quicksand.”
Legacy of WWI
► This
was a New kind of war. New weapons and
technology were introduced killing people
faster, and more efficiently than ever before.
► War was brought to the global scale
► People could see that war could get extremely
destructive.
Sum it UP
► War
costs
 Approx. 8.5 million
soldiers died
 21 million people were
wounded
 Many died of starvation
and disease
 Economic impact: $338
billion!
 Miles and miles of
farmland, villages
destroyed
► War
Effects, cont.
 Many soldiers were disillusioned
 People felt insecure and hopeless during
wartime
Photo cr.
Slide 3
Woodrow Wilson photo from: http://www.visitingdc.com/images/woodrow-wilson-picture.jpg
Georges Clemenceau photo from: http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin14/imag1396.jpg
David Lloyd photo from: http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/j/Lloyd-George.jpg
Vittorio Orlando photo from: http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin07/imag0640.jpg
Slide 5
Thumbs down photo from: http://blog.sellsiusrealestate.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/06/Complaints%20thumbs%20down-784494.jpg
Slide 6
League of Nations photo from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Symbol_of_the_League_of_Nations.svg
Slide 7
Alsace-Lorraine photo from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Deutsches_Reich_%28Karte%29_Elsa%C3%9FLothringen.svg/650px-Deutsches_Reich_%28Karte%29_Elsa%C3%9F-Lothringen.svg.png
Slide 8
Slide 9,
machine gun photo from: http://www.answers.com/topic/technology-during-world-war-I
tank photo from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_I
The End