Transcript Document 7241954

The Progressive Movement
 Series of reform movements in the 1890s that sought
to restore economic opportunities and correct
injustices in the U.S.
 Promoting social welfare
 Promoting moral improvement
 Creating economic reform
 Fostering efficiency
Monopolies
 A firm that bought out all of its competitors.
 Achieved complete control over its industry’s
production, wages, and prices.
Big Business in the U.S.
 Andrew Carnegie and
Carnegie Steel
 Rags to Riches
 Vertical Integration –
Process of buying out
suppliers in order to control
raw materials and
transportation systems.
 Horizontal Integration –
Companies producing
similar products merge with
one another.
John D. Rockefeller
 Standard Oil
Company –
Controlled 90% of the
oil refining business.
 Formed trusts with
competing companies
to gain control of the
oil industry.
 Paid workers less, sold
oil cheaper, reaped
huge benefits!!!
Sherman Antitrust Act
 Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with
free trade between states or with other countries.
Cartoon Analysis
 On a separate sheet of paper, analyze the political
cartoon on the next slide by answering the following
questions:
 What is the subject of the political cartoon?
 What is the main idea of the political cartoon?
 How do you know what the main idea of the cartoon is?
Cartoon Analysis
Working Conditions in Factories
 12 hour workdays
 7 day work week
 No vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation,
or injury reimbursement.
 Unhealthy work environments
 Very low wages
 20% of boys and 10% of girls under age 15 held jobs.
Picture Analysis

On a separate sheet of paper, analyze the image on
the next slide by answering the following questions:


What kind of lives do you think the boys in the photo
lived?
What effect might Lewis Hine have hoped this
photograph would have on the people who saw it in
the early 1900s?
Workers Organize
 Unions formed in
response to worker
maltreatment.
 workers went on strike.
 Strikes put down.
 Government and
Executives discouraged
and feared unions.
 Unions still continued
and grew in power.
Expanding Education in the
Progressive Era
 Post Reconstruction
 Mandatory education laws were passed.
 Number of public schools increased.
 Literacy rates increased.
 Number of students enrolled in public schools
increased from 7.6 million in 1871 to 21.6 million in
1920.
Education for African Americans
 Largely excluded from
public education…
RACISM!!!
 1890 – Fewer than 1% of
black teenagers attended
public high school.
 1910 – About 3% of black
teenagers attended high
school, but most went to
private schools.
Expanding Higher Education in the
Progressive Era
 Number of colleges increased.
 Number of students attending colleges and
professional colleges increased.
 African Americans attended in much lower numbers
due to racial discrimination.
 Howard University
 Fisk University
 Atlanta University
 Tuskegee Institute
Prohibition Movement
 Prohibition – The
banning of alcoholic
beverages.
 Large part of the
Progressive Movement.
 Led by the Woman’s
Christian Temperance
Union (Carry Nation).
Prohibition Movement
 Reasons for Prohibition:
 Alcohol promotes
immorality.
 Alcohol promotes neglect
of families.
 Alcohol promotes abuse of
families.
 Alcohol promotes violence.
 Alcohol promotes poverty.
Prohibition Document Analysis

Directions: Analyze the Prohibition advertisement
on the next slide by answering the following
questions:


In 1918, Ohio citizens voted on a referendum to make
the sale of alcohol illegal. Does this advertisement
encourage Ohioans to vote in favor of the referendum?
The man in the advertisement represents people who
profit from manufacturing and selling liquor. What is
the general meaning of the words printed on the bags
of money?
Prohibition Amendments
 1919 – 18th Amendment – Banned the manufacture,
transportation, sale, and consumption of alcohol.
 Led to massive organized crime (Al Capone, etc.)
 Speakeasies
 Bootlegging
 1933 – 21st Amendment – Repealed the 18th
Amendment, making alcohol legal again.
Women’s Reform
 Suffrage – The right to vote.
 Women faced constant
opposition in suffrage
movement.
 Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton were the leading
proponents of woman suffrage.
 Felt that if men could vote
women should also be able to
vote.
Three-Part Strategy to Suffrage
 Get state Legislatures to pass voting amendments.
 Colorado had granted women the right to vote by the
1890s.
 Take cases to court.
 Try to challenge 14th Amendment
 Pass constitutional amendment.
 19th Amendment - 1920
Health and Environment
Reform
 Muckrakers – Journalists
who wrote about the
corrupt side of business
and public life in the 20th
century.
 1904 – Upton Sinclair
wrote The Jungle, a novel
describing the sickening
conditions of the
meatpacking industry.
The Jungle Document Analysis
 Directions: Read the document on the next page and
answer the following question:
 According to Sinclair, what was the consequence of
Industrialization on the American people?
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
 [T]he meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling
would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things
that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a
tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their
dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be
ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the
scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that
would be dumped into old barrels in the cellar and left there. Under the system
of rigid economy which the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only
paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the
waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt and rust
and old nails and stale water—and cartload after cartload of it would be taken
up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the publics
breakfast.
Health and Environment
Reform
 1901- Teddy Roosevelt
became President after
the assassination of
William McKinley.
 Passed laws to ensure
better health and
environment.
Health Improvement
 1906 Meat Inspection
Act
 1906 Pure Food and
Drug Act – Halted the
sale of contaminated
foods and medicines and
called for truth in
labeling.
Environmental Improvement
 Roosevelt set aside
lands to be designated
as national parks,
meaning that they
would be preserved
and protected from
industrial influences.
Trustbusting
 Roosevelt broke up
many trusts that were
dominating the U.S.
economy.
 Opened the door back
up to free competition.
Continued Reform
 Presidents William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson
continued Progressive reforms.
 However, neither did anything to advance civil rights.
Check Point # 1
 On a separate sheet of paper, define each of the
following terms and draw a picture to represent that
term:
1. Progressive Movement
7. The Jungle
2. Monopoly
3. Prohibition
4. 18th Amendment
5. 19th Amendment
6. 21st Amendment
Assessment: The Progressive Era
 Please answer the following questions on loose-leaf paper
or typed (extra credit): Each question is one paragraph. It is
due the next class period along with class notes.
 What was the Progressive Era? Time, place, people, ideas
 What was one movement in the era that you can see
yourself belonging to? Why? What role would you have
played in the movement?
 What is one movement today that you believe in ? Why?
What is or what will be your role in it?
U.S. Imperialism
 Imperialism – The policy in which stronger nations
extend their economic, political, and or military
control over weaker territories.
 Factors that fueled American Imperialism:
 Desire to civilize the rest of the world.
 Thirst for new economic markets.
 Belief in the cultural superiority of white Anglo-Saxon
culture.
Thirst for New Markets
 U.S. was producing far
more than American
citizens could
consume.
 Acquiring new lands
would allow for
access to more raw
materials and a larger
consumer
population.
Belief in Cultural Superiority
 White Anglo Saxons
believed they were
racially superior to other
races and ethnic groups.
 Said the U.S. had a
responsibility to spread
Christianity and
“civilization” to the
world’s “inferior
peoples.”
Expanding the U.S.
 1867 – Alaska was
purchased by the U.S.
(for 2 cents an acre).
 Valuable natural
resources.
 1898 – Hawaii
annexed by the U.S.
 Valuable trading
partner and key port
for U.S. Navy.
The Spanish American War
 Causes:
 1895: Cuba rebelled against
Spain, which owned Cuba at
the time.
 Yellow Journalism fueled
American support for Cuba.
 1898: U.S.S. Maine was sent
to Cuba to bring American
citizens home and was blown
up in the harbor of Havana.
 260 Americans killed.
The Spanish American War
 Fighting in the War:
 U.S. forces were
mostly volunteer.
 Teddy Roosevelt led
the Rough Riders who
won a key victory at
San Juan Hill.
The Spanish American War
 The Result:
 U.S. won after only 15
weeks of fighting.
 Treaty of Paris:


Cuba was freed
U.S. acquired Guam,
Puerto Rico, and the
Philippines from
Spain.
Effects of the War
 U.S. established partial
control over Cuba.
 U.S. and Cuban relations
began to deteriorate.
The U.S. and China
 U.S. saw China as a vast
potential market for
American products.
 China had become the
“sick man of Asia.”
 France, Germany,
Britain, Japan, and
Russia all established
settlements along the
Chinese coast.
The U.S. and China
 To protect their interests
in China, the U.S.
implemented the Open
Door Policy.
 Open Door Policy –
Told foreign countries
not to interfere with
U.S. trade with China.
Cartoon Analysis
 On a separate sheet of paper, analyze the political
cartoon on the next slide by answering the following
question.
 What does the cartoon imply about the Open Door
Policy?
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rest of
the World
 Initiated the
construction of the
Panama Canal.
 One of the world’s
greatest engineering
feats.
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rest of
the World
 Foreign Policy
 Protected U.S. interests
in Latin America and
other parts of the world.
 “Speak softly and carry a
big stick,” was his foreign
policy motto.

Meant that his
negotiations were always
backed by the threat of
military force.
Other Developments During
the Progressive Era
 Growth of Mass Culture
 Spectator Sports – BASEBALL!
 Mass Newspaper Circulation
 Music – JAZZ!
 Harlem Renaissance – Explosion of African American art
in the 1920s, centered in Harlem.
 Department Stores
 Advertisements
 Radio
Check Point # 2
 On a separate sheet of paper, define each of the
following terms and draw a picture to represent that
term:
8. Imperialism
9. Spanish-American War
10. Open Door Policy
11. “Speak Softly, Carry a
big Stick”
Assessment: Imperialism
 Please answer the following questions on loose-leaf
paper or typed (extra credit): Each question is one
paragraph. It is due the next class period along with
class notes.
 What is Imperialism? Define, countries, places, and
reasons.
 Who / What is Imperialistic today? Why?