Transcript Chapter 14 Grounded Theory Designs Dr. Bill Bauer EDUC 640 l

Chapter 14
Grounded Theory Designs
Dr. Bill Bauer EDUC 640
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A Brief History of Grounded
Theory Designs
► 1967
Glaser and Strauss book Discover
of Grounded Theory
► 1990,
1998 Strauss and Corbin
prescriptive form with predetermined
categories and concerns about reliability
and validity
► 2000 Charmaz introduces
“Constructivist” method
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Types of Grounded Theory
Design: Systematic Design
► Open
Coding: properties and
dimensionalized properties
► Axial Coding: researcher selects one open
coding category and places it at the center
as the Central Phenomenon and then relates
all other categories to it.
► Selective Coding: writing a theory based on
the interrelationship of the categories from
axial coding
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Open Coding to the Axial
Coding Paradigm
Open Coding Categories
Axial Coding Paradigm
Context
Category
Category
Category
Causal
Conditions
Core
Category or
Phenomenon
Strategies
Consequences
Category
Intervening
Conditions
Category
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One open coding
category as core
phenomenon 4
Types of Grounded Theory
Design: Emerging Design
► Grounded
theory exists at the most abstract
conceptual level rather than the least
abstract level as found in visual data
presentations such as a coding paradigm
► A theory is grounded in the data and not
forced into categories
► Four essential criteria: fit, work, relevance,
modifiability
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Types of Grounded Theory
Design: Constructivist Design
► Philosophical
position between positivist and
post-modern researchers
► Theorist explains feelings of individuals as
they experience a phenomenon or process
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Types of Grounded Theory
Design: Constructivist Design
► Study
mentions beliefs and values of the
researcher and eschews predetermined
categories
► Narrative is more explanatory, discursive,
and probing the assumptions and meanings
for the individuals in the study.
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Key Characteristics of Grounded
Theory Design
► Studying
a process related to a substantive
topic
► Sampling theoretically involving the
simultaneous and sequential collection and
analysis of data
► Constantly comparing data with an
emerging theory
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A Process and Categories Within the Flow of
Research in Grounded Theory
The research problem leads to
A study of a central phenomenon
in grounded theory research questions
That addresses a process
Which contains
- a sequence of activities
- including actions by people
- including interactions by people
Which a grounded theorist
begins to understand by developing
- categories
- relating categories
- developing a theory that explains
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Zig-Zag Data Collection and Analysis to
Achieve Saturation of Categories
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Close to Saturated
Categories
More Refined
Categories
Third
Interview
Second
Interview
Refined
Categories
First
Interview
Preliminary
Categories
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Toward
Saturation of
Categories
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Constant Comparison Procedures
in Grounded Theory
Category I
Code A
Category II
Code B
Code C
Indicators
Raw Data (e.g. transcripts,
field notes, documents
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Example of a Theory - A Model of Ethnic
Minority Students in the Process of
Community Building
Ethnicity
- Hispanic
-Black
Gender
-male
-female
Background
- Economic Differences
-Diversity
-Adapting to Change
Sense of Self
Intervening
Conditions
Peer
Interactions
Causal Condition
Properties
- Nature of Interactions
- Racial Differences
- Quantity of Friends
- Intensity
- Time to Develop
Friends
Strategies
Withdrawal
Passive, low risk
Active
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Community
Phenomenon
Properties
- Sense of
Belonging
- Source
- Importance
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Conducting a Grounded Theory
Study
► Decide
if Grounded Theory design best
addresses the research problem
► Identify a process to study
► Seek approval and access
► Conduct theoretical sampling
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Conducting a Grounded Theory
Study
► Code
the data
► Use selective coding and develop the theory
► Validate your theory
► Write a grounded theory research report
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Criteria for Evaluating a Grounded
Theory Design: Theory Evaluation
► Is
there an obvious connection between
the categories and the raw data?
► Is the theory useful as a conceptual
explanation for the process being
studied?
► Does the theory provide a relevant
explanation of actual problems and a
basic process?
► Can the theory be modified as
conditions change or further data are
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Criteria for Evaluating a Grounded
Theory Design: Research Evaluation
► Is
a theoretical model developed or
generated that conceptualizes a process,
action, or interaction?
► Is there a central phenomenon (or core
category) specified at the heart of the
model?
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Criteria for Evaluating a Grounded
Theory Design: Research Evaluation
► Does
the model emerge through phases of
coding? (e.g. initial codes to more
theoretically oriented codes or open coding
to axial coding to selective coding
► Does the researcher attempt to interrelate
categories?
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Criteria for Evaluating a Grounded
Theory Design: Research Evaluation
► Does
the researcher gather extensive data
so as to develop a detailed conceptual
theory as well saturated in the data?
► Does the study show how the researcher
validated the evolving theory by comparing
it to the data, examining how the theory
supports or refutes existing theories in the
literature, or checking theory with
participants?
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Applying What you Have
Learned: Grounded Theory
Review the article and look for the
following:
► The
research problem and use of quantitative
research
► Use of the literature
► The purpose statement and research
hypothesis
► Types and procedures of data collection
► Types and procedures of data analysis and
interpretation
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