Transcript Meteorological Data Requirements Regulatory Conformance Issues and ESP / COL Applications

ESP / COL Applications
Meteorological Data Requirements
and
Regulatory Conformance Issues
Ping Wan
Bechtel Power Corporation
The Eleventh Nuclear Utility Meteorological Data Users Group Meeting
October 2006
U.S. Nuclear Energy
 Quick facts
- 103 nuclear plants
- 20% of the nation’s electricity
- 90.7% capacity factor
- No new contracts since 1975
- No new plants since 1995
- >23,000 MWe of new capacity since 1990
2
U.S. Energy Demand
50 Percent More Electricity Needed by 2025
Commercial
Use
Residential
Use
Industrial
Use
1970
1980
1990
3,839B
kWh
5,787B
kWh
2003
2005
2003
2015
2025
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
3
U.S./DOE - Nuclear Power 2010
 Call for building new nuclear power plants by 2010.
 Support engineering of advanced designs.
 Validate regulatory process.
 Develop concepts to mitigate financing risks.
 Cost share industry/government.
4
Proven Technology
 Approved
-
ABWR
-
AP 600
-
AP 1000
-
System 80+
 Certification Process
-
ESBWR
-
ACR 1000
-
EPR
5
Part 52 Licensing Process
Equivalent
Environmental
Information
Siting
OR
Early Site
Permit
Application
COL
Staff
Review
Application
for Combined
License (COL)
Application for
Design
Certification
ACRS
Review
Staff
Review
Staff
Review
Mandatory
Hearing
ACRS
Review
ACRS
Review
Early Site
Permit
Decision
Mandatory
Hearing
Certification
Rulemaking/
Hearing
Decision on
COL
Construction
and ITAAC
Completion
Finding on
ITAAC
Decision on
Design
Certification
OR
Design
Equivalent
Design
Information
6
Demonstrating the Process


Energy Bill
NP-2010
Government
and Industry
NuStart
Certification
7
Preparing ESP and/or COL Applications
Meteorological Data
Requirements
Used Of Meteorological Data
Application
Regulatory
Development
Review
Plant
Operation
Atmospheric dispersion estimates for both
postulated accidental and routine airborne
releases of effluents
X
X
X
Comparison with offsite sources to determine
the appropriateness of climatological data use
for design considerations
X
X
Evaluation of environmental risks from
radiological consequences of a spectrum of
accidents
X
X
X
X
X
X
Use of Data
Evaluation of non-radiological environmental
impacts
Development of emergency response plans
X
9
Regulatory Requirements and Guidance

NRC Regulations

NRC Regulatory Guidance

NRC Review Guidance

Industry Standards / Guidelines
10
Regulatory Requirements and Guidance
(conti-)
Sample List

R.G. 1.23 (Proposed Rev. 1)

RS-002 (2003)

NUREG-0800,Draft Rev. 3 (1996)

NUREG-1555 (1999)

Draft DG 1145 (2006)

NUREG-0654, 0696, 0737

ANS / ANSI 3.11 (2005)

NEI 01-02 (ESP) & 04-01 (COL)
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Meteorological Tower and Instrument Siting
The objective of the onsite meteorological program is to provide
measurements which represent the general site area as well as the
overall site meteorology without structure influence.
Essential siting Criteria (R.G. 1.23, Proposed Rev. 1)
 Base of the tower at approximately the same elevation as the finished
plant grade of the new units
 Location of tower upwind of the existing and new plant cooling system
 Upper measurement level of the tower within the TIBL for coastal or
lakeshore sites
 Sensor location at least 10 obstruction heights away from such
obstructions
 Wind sensors located on mast away from tower structure influence
 Ambient temperature and humidity sensors located away from existing
and proposed moisture sources
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Meteorological Parameters Measured
 On the primary tower

Wind speed and wind direction at 2 levels (at 10 meters and 60
meters, which generally coincides with the routine release level
for LWRs), and at the stack release height (if applicable)

Delta-T between 10 meters and 60 meters, and 10 meters and
the stack release height

Ambient temperature at 10 meters

Atmospheric moisture at 10 meters, and at the top of the cooling
tower (if applicable)

Precipitation at or near the tower
 At the backup tower

Wind speed , wind direction, and horizontal wind direction
fluctuation at 10 meters
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Length & Currentness of Records
 For an ESP Application

At least one annual cycle of onsite meteorological data

Meteorological data in the form of joint frequency
distribution of wind speed, wind direction by atmospheric
stability class as described in R.G. 1.23

An electronic listing of all hourly averaged data
 For a COL Application

At least 2 consecutive annual cycles (preferably 3 or more
whole years), including the most recent 1-year period

Meteorological data format and electronic listing same as
for the ESP Application
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Other Regulatory Requirements
 Data Acquisition and Data Reduction
 System Accuracy
 Instrument Surveillance, and
 Quality Assurance and Documentation
Regulatory Requirements on these areas can be found in
various Regulatory Guides (e.g., R.G. 1.23, Proposed Rev.
1 & Draft DG 1145) and Review Guidance Documents
(e.g., RS-002, NUREG-0800, Draft Rev. 3 and NUREG1555)
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Preparing ESP and/or COL Applications
Regulatory Conformance
Issues
Use of Existing Meteorological Data
Conformance Issues
 Confirm Representativeness of the Data

Met tower and instrument siting

Meteorological parameters measured
 Determine Data Quality

Data acquisition (data recording/transmission)

Data reduction (data processing/substitution)

Instrument surveillance (calibration, maintenance, QA/QC)
 Assess Completeness of the Data Set

Annual data recovery rates

Length of records
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Confirm Representativeness of Data

Met tower and sensor siting
Influence/Interference factors (including existing & proposed units)
to be considered:

Surrounding terrain (e.g., hills, rivers & valley)

Nearby natural- & man-made obstructions (e.g., trees & plant
structures

Plant heat dissipation system (e.g., lakes & cooling towers)

Related construction activities (e.g., earthmoving, heavy
equipment hauling & concrete batch plant operation)

Met tower & the new units have similar meteorological
exposure.

Sensor elevations & measurements (wind speed, wind
direction, delta-T, dew point & precipitation) on the met
tower meet regulatory requirements for the new units
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Upper Level Wind and Temperature
Measurement Heights
R.G. 1.23 Requirements
 at least 2 levels (e.g., approximately 10 and 60 meters) of wind
measurements
 Implicitly indicated that the 60 meters, upper measurement level
as the level of the routine releases
Conformance Issues
 Some of the new reactor designs (e.g., AP1000, EPR & ABWR)
could have radiological release point higher or lower than 60
meters
 Ensure that separation between the Delta-T levels (i.e., 10
meters and the upper level) is no less than 30 meters.
 Ensure that the proposed data collection system (existing or
new) is capable of capturing representative data.
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Dew Point Measurement Height
R.G. 1.23 Requirements
 Monitor atmospheric moisture at approx. 10 meters and at
a height where the measurements represent the resultant
atmospheric moisture content, if cooling towers are used
Conformance Issues
 Majority of U.S. nuclear plants measured Dew Point at 10
meters only (i.e., once-through cooling system)
 Additional Dew Point measurements at higher level may
be required for new plants, if cooling tower are used.
 Ensure that the Dew Point data are adequate and reliable,
when use existing data. (Dew Point sensors are know to
be difficult to maintain.)
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Thermal Internal Boundary Layer Effects
R.G 1.23 Requirements
 For sites near a large body of water, the upper
measurement level should be within the TIBL during sea or
lake breeze conditions.
Conformance Issues
 Depending on the relative location of the met tower to the
TIBL, and to the proposed units, X/Q estimates for the new
units could be under-predicted, unaffected or overpredicted.
 The impacts from under-predictions need to be accurately
quantified and factored in making the site-specific X/Q
estimate.
 The Potential implications on facility design due to overpredictions need to be evaluated.
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Typical TIBL Event
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Data Substitution
Regulatory Requirements
 There are many methods of acquiring data from
meteorological measurement systems which are
acceptable to the NRC Staff.
Conformance Issues
 Valid measurements from a redundant sensor at the
same level or at a different level (with adjustment) can
be used.
 Replacement of a large amount of missing primary
tower Delta-T data with back-up tower sigma-theta
data from a nearby should be avoided.
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Use of Nearby Existing or Regional Data
Regulatory Requirements
 No clear regulatory guidance on the subject available
 Draft DG-1145 indirectly suggested:

Wind rose comparisons (both seasonal and yearly)

X/Q estimates based on XOQDOQ, PAVAN and/or
ARCON96
Conformance Issues
 Using reactor specific DCD limit values in lieu of
making direct X/Q calculations can be considered.
However, one could lose the design margin that is
potentially afforded by using onsite met data.
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Climatic Representative
Regulatory Requirements
 Evidence should be provided to show how well the
existing met data represent long-term conditions at the
proposed site.
Conformance Issues
 The climatic representativeness of the onsite met data can
be checked by comparison with nearby stations with
similar geographical locations and topographical settings
that have reliable long-term met data.
 Alternatively, a demonstration of representativeness can
be made using data collected by the same system, if a
long-term valid and reliable data base is readily available.
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Issuance of R.G. 1.23, Third Proposed Rev. 1
Status
 NRC plans to issue a Draft Revision 1 of R.G. 1.23 by
October 2006
Conformance Issue
 Issuance of Draft R.G. 1.23, Rev. 1 may be late
coming for those applicants with submittals planned
for 2007 or 2008.
 NRC indicated no major changes expected in the
Draft Rev. 1. However, the applicants must be
prepared to address any changes in the revision.
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Dispersion Modeling Guidance & Tools
Sample List
Types of X/Q Estimates
NRC Guidance
Tools
Routine & Accidental
Radiological Releases
 R.G. 1.111
 XOQDOQ
 R.G. 1.145
 PAVAN
Control Room Habitability
Evaluation (for both
chemical and radiological
releases)
 R.G. 1.194
 ARCON96
 NUREG/CR-6210
 HABIT
 R.G. 1.78
 NUREG-0570
 NUREG/CR-1152
Emergency Planning (Near
Real-time Predictions)
 R.G. 1.23
(* Modifications required –
adding plume tracking
capability)
 NUREG-0696, 0737
 MESODIF-II*
 No specific guidance
 EPRI Model SACTI
Environmental Impacts of
Cooling Tower Plume
 NUREG-0654
 No NRCsponsored codes
 CALPUFF*
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Hypothetical Deployment Schedule and Financial
Commitment for New Nuclear Generation
Year
ESP
1
2
ESP Prepare
COL
Plant
Deployment
100%
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ESP Review Hearings
COL Preparation
COL Review
Hearings
Site Engineering
FOAK Engineering
Procurement Planning
Site Specific Engineering
~ ~ ~~
Engineering
3
Site
Preparation
Construction
Cumulative
Plant Deployment
Expenditures
0%
Engineering
COL
ESP
6665-4/04-1
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Conclusions
Criteria for a successful ESP or COL Application

To have a valid, accurate, adequate and representative
meteorological data base is vitally important;

Planning or selecting a data collection system, and conducting a
thorough examination of the data by a professional meteorologist
are highly recommended; and

Close coordination and cooperation between the regulatory agency
and permit applicants is highly desirable for the following reasons:

Relevant guidance from both the NRC and industry is not
comprehensive and precise;

Issuance of R.G. 1.23, Rev. 1, DG-1145 and NUREG-0800,
Rev. 3 is expected to be in the near future; and

Applicants should be prepared to address the new and/or the
revised regulatory guides.
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