Transcript Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Social & Emotional Development

Chapter 8:
Early Childhood: Social
& Emotional
Development
Question:
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What 3 things have a strong influence
on a child’s social and emotional
development?
1. Parents
2. Siblings
3. Peers
1. Parents:
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Have very different approaches to rearing
their children.
Foster the development of certain behaviors
in their children using various techniques.
The techniques a parent uses can be
considered on two broad dimensions:
a. warmth-coldness and
b. restrictiveness-permissiveness
Warm Parents:
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Affectionate toward their children
(hug, kiss, smile at them)
Caring, supportive
Enjoy being with their children
and communicate this to them
Less likely to use physical
discipline
Proud and entertained by their
child’s stubborn behavior (even
though they try to change it)
Cold Parents:
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May not enjoy being with their children
Few feelings of affection
Likely to complain about their child's
behavior, ie. “he is so naughty!” He has
a mind of his own!”
Restrictive Parents:
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Impose many rules
Watch children
closely
Restrictive about a
lot of things, not
just a few
Consistent control
and firm rules
Permissive Parents:
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Impose few, if any rules
Supervise children less closely (though
they still childproof the house, etc.)
Allow children to do what is natural (be
messy, make noise, play with their
body, etc.)
May allow aggression and intervene
only when another child is in danger.
Remember:

A warm parent can
be restrictive or
permissive. So can a
cold parent.
What are the 4 general
Parenting Styles?
Effects of the Situation and
the Child on Parenting Styles:
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Is a reciprocal influence, parent and child
influence each other equally.
Children influence how their parents treat
them.
Parenting behaviors and styles often evolve
as a consequence of the child’s:
a. Age
b. Temperament
c. Behavior
Effects of the Situation, cont.
a. Age: Parenting changes as the child grows.
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Parenting that is effective during the toddler
years may not be effective during
adolescence.
Parental affection changes as children age
and become more reserved, so warmth is
harder to show.
As children get older control moves from the
parent to themselves and children are
expected to act maturely.
Effects of the Situation, cont.
b. Temperament : A child’s temperament
has a powerful effect on parental
behavior.
c. Behavior: Children’s behavior helps
determine how parents treat them, and
the resulting treatment influences
children’s behavior, which in turn causes
parents to again change their behavior.
2. Siblings:
Most of us have 2 siblings.
 They make a unique contribution to a
child’s social emotional and cognitive
development.
What functions to siblings serve?
 A. Physical care
 B. Emotional support/nurturance
 C. Offering advice

b. Siblings, cont.
Functions, cont.
 D. Serving as role models
 E. Making demands
 F. Imposing restrictions
 G. Engaging in conflict (enhances social
competence, development of self
identity, and ability to rear their own
children)
Know:
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As peers get older, their relationship
tends to become more equal, and the
amount of conflict decreases.
c. Peers
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Exert powerful socialization influences and
pressures to conform.
Physical and cognitive skills develop
through peer interactions.
Peers provide emotional support
Peers guide children and give them
practice:
A. Sharing
C. Peers, cont.
B. Helping
C. Taking turns
D. Dealing with
conflict
E. How to lead, and
how to follow
F. Coping with
aggressive influences
How do Children’s Concepts of
Friendship Develop/Change?
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4-5: I like her toys and playing with our favorite
toys together.
8-11: We like each other and share activities. We
trust each other and will help each other when
needed. (but if I need emotional support I will
talk to a close family member)
Adolescent: I can trust and communicate with
my friend which is really important to me. My
friend is my source of social and emotional
support. (not my close family members)