Transcript Document 7227205

Unit 5 Dreams
A dream is a
wish your heart
makes.
New word 1
New word 2
New word 3
In-class Reading Passage
After-class Reading Passage 1
After-class Reading Passage 2
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I have a dream that one day this nation will rise
up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We
hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are
created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red
hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the
sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down
together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that
one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state,
sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression,
will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and
justice. I have a dream that my four children will one
day live in a nation where they will not be judged by
the color of their skin but by the content of their
character. I have a dream today.
Dreams
Langston Hughes (1902~1967)
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
梦想
兰斯顿·休斯
紧紧抓住梦想，
因为梦想若是死亡，
生命就像鸟儿折断翅膀，
再也不能飞翔。
紧紧抓住梦想，
因为梦想一旦消亡，
生命就像荒芜的田野，
雪覆冰封，万物不再生长。
• 1. Information about Sigmund Freud and
Carl Jung.(教参P66)
Sigmund Freud(1856-1939): An Austrian
doctor who developed a new system for
understanding the way that people’s minds
work, and a new way of treating mental
illness called psychoanalysis. He believed
that the bad experiences that people have as
children can affect their mental health as
adults, and that by talking to mentally ill
people about their past life and feelings, the
hidden causes of their illness can be found.
He wrote The Interpretation of Dreams and
名言：梦是愿望的满足 The Ego and The Id. His ideas, especially
about the importance of sex, had a very
great influence on the way that people
thought in the 20th century.
弗洛伊德，奥地利精神病医生，精神分析学派 的创始人。
弗洛伊德的心理学思想是逐渐发展起来的，直到1895年才出版了
他的第一部论著《歇斯底里论文集》。他的第二部论著《梦的解
析》于1900年问世，这是他最有创造性、最有意义的论著之一。
弗洛伊德对心理学做出了很大贡献。他强调人的行为中的无意识
思维过程极为重要。他证明了这样的过程如何影响梦的内容，如
何造成常见的不幸，如口误，忘记人名，致伤的事故，甚至疾病。
弗洛伊德是一个心理决定论者，他认为人类的心理活动有着严格
的因果关系，没有一件事是偶然的，梦也不例外，绝不是偶然形
成的联想，而是愿望的达成，在睡眠时，超我的检查松懈，潜意
识中的欲望绕过抵抗，并以伪装的方式，乘机闯入意识而形成梦，
可见梦是对清醒时被压抑到潜意识中的欲望的一种委婉表达。梦
是通向潜意识的一条秘密通道。通过对梦的分析可以窥见人的内
部心理，探究其潜意识中的欲望和冲突。通过释梦可以治疗神经
症。弗洛伊德把梦的实质理解为梦“是一种愿望达成，它可以算
是一种清醒状态精神活动的延续”，是由高度错综复杂的智慧活
动所产生的。他引用大量的梦的例证证明梦的意义在于愿望的满
足。他指出，使愿望在梦中得到满足可用以维持精神的平衡，同
时也是为了保护睡眠不受干扰。 弗洛伊德多次进行自我实验，
他故意吃很咸的食物，控制饮水，在口渴的状态下入睡。晚上梦
见喝水，痛饮甘泉。他从梦中醒来确实想喝水。梦中的喝水可以
缓解他的渴，他就不用醒来，睡眠得以保证。弗洛伊德认为这是
一种“方便的梦”。
• Carl Jung(1875-1961): A Swiss
psychiatrist who studied the
importance of dreams and
religion in problems of the mind,
and divided people into two
groups, introverts and extroverts.
Jung developed the idea of the
collective unconscious, the belief
that people’s feelings and
reactions are often based on
deep memories of human
experience in the past. He
worked with Sigmund Freud until
they had a serious disagreement.
名言：性格决定命运
• 卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格 ，瑞士著名心理学家、精神分析学家，在世
界心理学界都得到了很高的评价，是现代心理学的鼻祖之一。弗
洛依德早期的学生，除了对心理学的看法不同之外，弗洛伊德有
如父亲式的权威亦让荣格受不了。佛洛伊德需要的可能只是一个
听话的乖孩子，能毫无保留的接受他的理论，但荣格需要的却是
一个能和他切磋琢磨，将心理学发扬光大的伙伴，并且他不想牺
牲自己思想的独立性。慢慢的，他们两个人的思想出现了差距，
终于在二十世纪初分手。
• 荣格释过数以万计的梦，对梦有极为深刻的理解，但他的观点与
弗洛伊德的观点不同，他不认为梦仅仅是为了满足愿望，也不认
为梦进行了什么伪装。荣格认为“梦是无意识为灵自发的和没有
扭曲的产物，梦给我们展示的是未加修饰的自然的真理”。在弗
洛伊德看来，梦好像一个狡猾的流氓，拐弯抹角地说下流话。而
在荣格看来，梦好像是一个诗人，他用生动形象峋诗的语言讲述
关于心灵的真理。这种梦所用的类似于诗的语言就是象征。梦的
基本目的不是经过伪装满足欲望，而是恢复心理平衡。荣格称为
梦的补偿。他认为，如果一个人的个性发展不平衡，当他过分地
发展自己的一个方面，而压抑自己的另外一些方面时，梦就会提
醒他注意到这被压抑的一面。例如，当一个人过分珍重自己的强
悍、勇敢的气质，而不承认自己也有温情，甚至也有软弱的一面
时，他也许就会梦见自己是个胆怯的小女孩。
• 2. A Dream Poll（课本P137）
• Directions: Read the statements below. Put a tick in the
space provided if you agree, and a zero if you don’t. Work in
groups to exchange your anwers.
• Dreams can:
• __1) predict the future
• __2) warn you of health dangers
• __3) seem more real than reality
• __4) provide an answer to a problem
• __5) present a work of art to a creative mind
• __6) stimulate powerful physical response in the body
• __7) point out personality flaws
• __8) make you feel good
• __9) make you feel very tired
• __10) make you live longer
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For your reference:
1. predict the future(dreams that came true)
为了说清这种预兆吉凶的梦象，科学界提出了各种不同的假设。比如说，有个人的现
实生活出了某种情况，在他躺下来睡觉后，大脑还在继续工作，因此，当人进入梦乡
之后，事情还照逻辑继续朝下演绎。通常说来，逻辑是不会出任何差错的，所以人醒
来后现实就会将梦中所见的景象再演绎一遍。
对这种预示吉凶的梦还可以作另外的解释。一个人做了噩梦，一心老想着那件事，乃
至现实生活中也不知不觉地照梦里所见编排起自己的行为举止来，当他的潜意识进入
其生活情景的固定行为框框，梦也成了现实。这就是梦学学者目前对能预示未来的梦
的解释，不过他们也不敢说自己的看法有多正确。
2. warn you of health dangers
当代医学的研究表明，做梦亦与某些疾病有关联。 国外有些学者通过对梦的深入研究，
发现有些疾病与梦的内容有一定的联系，例如有些人经常做被人用拳头打击胸部，使
之发闷的恶梦，醒来果然感到胸口憋闷，后来经医生检查，患了心脏病；脑卒中的病
人在发病前常梦见自己的手麻痹了；有些人梦境中觉得自己喉咙被掐住不好受，后来
果然发现喉部患病；有些人梦见恶狗咬足，几天后在梦中所咬之处果然化脓溃烂……。
这些都是有科学根据的，其机制在于：身体的某一部位或器官、组织发生病理改变，
往往是一个渐进性的过程，人在白天清醒状态时，大脑高级中枢“司令部”忙于处理
工作、学习、劳动等纷繁复杂事务中的“外界信息”，而“无暇顾及”机体本身的
“内部事务”，因而在白天并不会有异常的感觉，加之在疾病的发生之初，由于病症
的刺激信息微弱，人在白天清醒状态下因较强的刺激信息干扰，常常难以觉察。但是
到了夜晚入睡后，由于外界的干扰刺激相当微弱，体内潜在性的病理刺激信息就会构
成梦境，大脑相应中枢在睡梦中就会抓“主要矛盾”来处理这种信息，故病症的微弱
刺激就可以引起大脑的兴奋，从而在梦中会出现上述种种病态的梦境和感受。 了解了
梦与疾病的关联机制，当你一度经常反复地做内容大致相似的恶梦时，就应该想到可
能是疾病的“警告信号”，可以提供给医生作为发现和诊断疾病的线索，以便及时得
到诊断和治疗.
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4. provide an answer to a problem
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德国有机化学家凯库勒多年来一直想确定苯的分子结构，但始终没有成功。为此他冥
思苦想，1865年的一天晚上，他在灯下昏昏入睡。睡梦中，他梦见苯分子的结构五花
八门，其中许多链形结构紧密靠拢，每种链形结构像蛇一样蜿蜒移动，突然，其中的
一条蛇咬住了自己的尾巴。梦中的情景相当可笑，但凯库勒却由此受到了很大启发，
他醒后断定，苯分子的结构是一个闭合的碳环，而科学的最终定论确实与梦的启示惊
人地吻合。
天才作曲家莫扎特曾说：“我总是梦到音乐，我创作的所有音乐都来自梦中。”
著名冒险小说《金银岛》作者、苏格兰作家罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森称，他1886年出版
的小说《化身博士》的创作灵感来自做梦。
钢琴家弗拉迪米尔·霍罗威茨和列昂尼德·汉布罗都说，他们在梦中发现弹奏复杂音乐段
落的技法。
发明家埃里亚斯·霍长时间来一直想发明一种机器来缝合两片布料，他的书桌上堆满了
各种创意的图纸，但一直没能找到理想的方案。一次，睡梦中霍吓得一身冷汗地醒了
过来，原来他做了个梦，梦见非洲食人的野人在追杀他。霍在梦里看得一清二楚，野
人所持长矛的上部有个小窟窿眼。他醒过来后，马上把梦中所见摆弄了一番，于是发
明了今天的缝纫机针。
爱因斯坦说，他一生中的主要发现之一，即著名的相对论，源自小时候的一次梦。梦
里他坐着爬犁，发现速度越来越快，于是星星开始改变换形状，变成一条条发光的线。
这个梦境不知为什么一直保留着，这对他发现相对论帮助不小。
叶连娜·科拉贝利尼科娃说，创作灵感和科学发现也可以从梦中获得，这是因为我们睡
眠时，大脑同电脑一样，在对醒的时候所获得的信息进行加工。正是这种别出心裁的
认识世界方法帮助做梦人找到了清醒状态下长期苦苦思索的答案。这也再一次证明了
人在睡梦时机体并未休息，而是在积极活动。大脑将一天积攒起来的信息加以系统整
理，筛去一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事，重点注意那些大事，然后分别存放在各记忆孔里。正
是梦中大脑的不间歇活动有助于激发创作灵感。
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7. point out personality flaws
梦与性格有关系吗？如果这个问题让心理学家来回答，他肯定会回答“是的”。20世纪
50年代，脑电波仪一问世，心理专家便将它带进了“睡眠研究室”或“梦实验室”。几十
年来，脑电波仪被用来测定人类睡眠时大脑的变化与做梦的规律，并探讨梦境与性格
的关系，这些内容已经成为心理学的一部分。此时，西方学者克莱特曼发现了“快波眼
动睡眠期(REM)”，即此时睡眠者的眼球表现为急速而不规则的运动。日常生活中，每
个人都会觉得自己时而“多梦”，时而“少梦”，心理专家认为，人类对梦境的“回想力”，
除了时间因素外，不同人的人格特征和思考方式也起着一定作用。心理学家戴门特的
研究显示，内向性格的人，较容易想起自己做过的梦，而外向性格的人则相反，这很
可能是由于内向性格者比较专注于自己内心情绪和感觉之间的复杂联系。
10. make you live longer
做梦是人体一种正常的、必不可少的生理和心理现象。人入睡后，一小部分脑细胞仍
在活动，这就是梦的基础。正常的梦境活动，是保证机体正常活力的重要因素之一 科
学工作者做了一些阻断人做梦的实验。即当睡眠者一出现做梦的脑电波时，就立即被
唤醒，不让其梦境继续，如此反复进行，结果发现对梦的剥夺，会导致人体一系列生
理异常，如血压、脉搏、体温以及皮肤的电反应能力均有增高的趋势，植物神经系统
机能有所减弱，同时还会引起人的一系列不良心理反应，如出现焦虑不安、紧张、易
怒、感知幻觉、记忆障碍、定向障碍等。显而易见，正常的梦境活动，是保证机体正
常活力的重要因素之一。 梦是协调人体心理世界平衡的一种方式 由于人在梦中以右
大脑半球活动占优势，而觉醒后则以左侧大脑半球占优势，在机体24小时昼夜活动过
程中，使醒与梦交替出现，可以达到神经调节和精神活动的动态平衡。无梦睡眠不仅
质量不好，而且还是大脑受损害或有病的一种征兆。 倘若大脑调节中心受损，就形成
不了梦，或仅出现一些残缺不全的梦境片断，如果长期无梦睡眠，倒值得人们警惕了。
当然，若长期恶梦连连，也常是身体虚弱或患有某些疾病的预兆。做梦对脑功能的恢
复有益，可以为大脑神经提供一种经常性有益的刺激，使中枢神经系统调整到一种准
备状态，以应对千变万化的外部世界；做梦，又是对觉醒状态活动的模拟，以防止大
脑神经在夜间停止活动而丧失功能；做梦，还可以使大脑里的信息得到重新清理。每
个人每天在夜间用于做梦的时间，一般都在80至120分钟以上。美国芝加哥大学的生理
学家孟托说：“人们每夜做一定数量的梦是必需的。” 科学家们认为，睡眠时梦多的
人平均寿命相对来说要比梦少的人较长一些。
• 3. Talking about your dreams(课本P137)
• 1. How often do you dream?
• 2. What sort of dreams do you have? Are they
connected to your daily life?
• 3. Do you have recurring dreams, that is,
dreams that you often have?
• 4. Have you ever wondered about the
meanings of your dreams? Do you have any
satisfactory explanations for your dreams?
• 5. Why do you think people dream?
• For your reference:
• 重复做同样的梦表示一种精神状态。同时也会受到外界的影响比如白天时所
做的事情，晚上睡觉时所处的环境等等 。梦是人潜意识的思考，反映出一个
人最近这段时间一直困惑或关注或担心的问题，只是改了一种方式表现出来。
越是经常做的梦越能反映这一问题，而醒来时忘掉的梦反映的是不太关注的
问题。所以，如果你经常作类似的梦，建议你好好想一想，也就是解梦，一
旦解了梦或消除了类似的焦虑，就不会再作类似的梦。
• 既视感﹝英文直用法文词 déjà vu ，意指“曾经看过”，中文又译“似曾相
识”﹞，是人类在现实环境中﹝相对于梦境﹞，突然感到自己“曾于某处亲
历某过画面或者经历一些事情”的感觉。 就是没见过的场景、事物却仿佛在
梦中见过的一种错觉。以下列出了一切可能引致既视感出现的可能或原因，
真正成因至今仍未被证实。
• 1.当我们遇到一个与过去经历相类似的情境，脑内处理过去那段经历的神经
元可能同时产生冲动，造成既视感。
• 2.因人的脑部对于短暂未来并未曾发生的事情的预知。
• 3.属于人对其他多重宇宙在同一时间轴上所发生的事情的认知。
• 4.因脑部处理错误，将眼前讯息错误地当作成或判断为“记忆当中的画面”。
• 5.从医学角度中，成因为由于左右脑的信息处理突然不协调所致。
• 4. Symbolic meanings of the images in dreams(拓
展课堂P127)
• Directions: Suppose you were Zhou Gong(Duke of
Zhou), what do you think the following images
symbolize in your dream? Match the images in
Column A with the symbolic meanings in Column B.
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Column A
1. mouse
2. dragon
3. turtle
4. bee
5. bat
6. fish
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Column B
A) friend
B) disaster, disease
C) fortune
D) enemy
E) wealth, promotion
F) happiness
• 5. Dream Interpretation(拓展课堂P128)
• Directions: everyone dreams and the majoritity of us may have
dreams with similar themes. Here are some common dreams, in
which some meanings may be knitted. Can you give your
interpretation?
• 1. You get lost or trapped. (You are trying to find your way out of
an area---a forest, city streets, a large building, or other maze-like
structure. Or you are trapped, buried alive, caught in a web, or
unable to move for some other reason. This is often accompanied
by a feeling of terror.)
• 2. You fail a test. (You are prevented from passing a test in a
variety of possible scenarios. In one scenario you find that you are
unable to make it to the test on time, often because you can’t find
the test room. In other versions you are either unprepared
because of lack of study or you lose stationery.)
• 3. You fall or sink. (In the falling dream we are usually falling
through the air and fright-ended. Occasionally we may be sinking
in water and in danger of drowning.)
• Sample:
• 1. Dreaming about being lost is very common and will
usually occur when you are having conflict in deciding
how to react in a situation in real life. This dream usually
means that you are trapped in real life---unable to make
the right choice.
• 2. This dream usually manifests itself in people who have
been out of school for a long time. This dream usually
means that you are feeling tested in some way in your real
life. You may feel that you are unprepared for something
or playing the wrong part in life.
• 3. Typically a person having this dream is feeling insecure
or lacing support in their waking life. These dreams often
occur when you are overwhelmed in life and feel ready to
give up. If you have this dream you should evaluate your
current situation and try to locate the problem that is
overwhelming you. Deal with it and this dream should go
away.
• Directions: Is there a particular dream
lingering in your mind? If there is, describe
it. Can you make any interpretation about it?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6. Interpretations (课本P138&P168)
1. Dreaming of walking on hot coals.
2. Dreaming of a flower.
3. Dreaming of losing your job or house.
4. Dreaming of taking an English exam.
5. Always have nightmares.
6. Dreaming of drinking water.
7. Dreaming that doorbells or telephone ring.
8. Dreaming that you try to run but your legs won’t move.
9. Dreaming that you are looking for W.C.
• 7. Oral Activities
• Directions: Think and answer the question:
What does the expression “the American
Dream” means?
• Sample:
• We know that American value the ability to start a
dream and then realize that dream through one’s
own efforts. I guess the American Dream would
mean different things to different people. However,
in most cases, the dream would be associated with
success in one’s life or a notable achievement. The
efforts towards that end may include an education
to improve oneself, hard work to earn money or
set oneself up in the world, the American Dream is
a person’s hope to win a good life in America.
• 8. Comment
• Directions: Comment on the following
statements: In pursuing a dream, one must
keep a balance between one’s strong wish
for the dream to come true and realities of
one’s abilities and circumstances.
• Sample:
• It’s very common that everyone has a dream and
wishes the dream to come true. In order to realize
a dream, you’ll find it very useful to break a “big
dream” down to some smaller plans and then work
out each step to realize a plan. When you do this,
you must take your own abilities and
circumstances into consideration and try to match
them with your steps and plans. When you have a
good understanding of all factors and put them
into a nice balance, you will certainly stand a
better chance of succeeding you plans and
realizing your dream.
• 9. Brainstorm
• Directions: Work in groups to discuss
DIFFERENCES between HOPE and
DREAM, and then one student from each
group is required to tell the
DIFFERENCES.
• Sample:
• Hope or optimism means expectation of success in some effort .In face
of bad luck, hope or optimism is the expectation of some better result in
future. When we go to do some great or small, our thinking is dominated
either by hope of success or by fear of failure. In this way a man lives
and works hard, he either hoping or fearing or at times he is
experiencing a mixture of both .A man is in confused state of mind
when he dose not know whether to hope or fear.
Hope is closely akin to dream. Hope and dream are frequently
confused. Hope is the outcome of self-confidence, courage and
circumstantial benefits. Where dream is the outcome of sheer
fancifulness and is not based on reason.
For instance, a beggar may dream of living in a palace by a stroke of
fortune but he cannot even hope to own a tin-shed unless there are
reasons for hoping so. Hope insists to activity and to break through all
obstacles whereas dreaming through him into inertia and make him a
slave of fate. The main difference between hope and dream lies in the
fact that when hope ends and despair is setting in man seeks to avoid
the facing of stark realities through dreaming. Hence dreaming is
indeed fond hoping.
• Listening Materials
Part 1 Listening-in
1. We have about four to six dreams a night and spend
about two hours of our sleeping time dreaming.
2. Experts say you can train your mind to remember your
dreams.
3. At night, you can have a relaxing bedtime routine such as
a glass of warm milk to give your body a smooth
transition to sleep.
4. Dream researchers have found that people around the
world variations of 12 common dreams.
5. Falling dreams can mean that you feel insecure, or that
you feel you have no support in your waking life.
6. It is believed that habitual daydreaming will
eventually distance people from society.
7. Flying dreams mean that you feel you're going to
achieve your waking life goals.
8. When we have a dream that someone is chasing us,
it can mean that we feel a threat in daily life.
9. During our dream, we experience a rich world of
images, stories and characteristics from our
present and past.
10. New memories built in purposeful daydreaming
improve a person’s self-image.
Part 2 Listen and Answer
•
•
•
Q
T
1. Does the speaker have horrible dreams?
Yes, very often.
______________________________________
2. What’s most adults’ attitude towards
dreaming according to the passage?
• They
______________________________________
take dreaming calmly and don’t think it’s a part of life.
• 3. What’s the speaker’s attitude towards
dreaming?
The speaker likes dreaming.
• ______________________________________
Now and again I have horrible dreams, but not enough of
them to make me lose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I
like the idea of dreaming, of going to bed and lying still and
then, by some strange magic, wandering into another kind
of existence. As a child, I could never understand why
grownups took dreaming so calmly when they could make
such a fuss about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I can’t
understand people who say they never dream and appear to
have no any interest in the subject. It is much more
astonishing than if they said they never went out for a walk.
Most people—or at least most Western Europeans—do not
seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear
to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing or yawning.
I like dreaming. Silly or wise, terrible or delightful, it is a
further helping of experience, an additional joy after work,
another indispensable part of life.
Part 3 Bridge the Culture Gap
Today we know more about the science of dreaming
researchers
pictures
because____________can
take________of
people’s
brains while they are sleeping.
discovered a special kind of sleep
In 1953, scientists __________
called REM, or Rapid Eye Movement. Our eyes move
forth very quickly while they are ______.
closed Our
back and ______
bodies go through several periods of sleep each night.
fourth period. We enter REM sleep
REM sleep is the ________
four to seven times each night. During REM sleep, our
bodies do not move at all. This is the time when we dream.
awakened during their REM they will
If people are __________
remember their dreams almost 90% of the time. This is
true even for people who say they do not dream.
• One kind of dreaming is called lucid dreaming.
People know during a dream that they are dreaming.
• ______________________________________________
• An organization in Canada called the Dreams Foundation
believes that you can train yourself to have lucid dreams
by paying very close attention to your dreams and writing
them down.
The Dreams Foundation believes this is one way to
• ______________________________________________
become more imaginative and creative.
• ______________________________________________
• The foundation organizes groups of people who travel to
wild, natural areas around the world.
Here they can be quiet, ride small boats on a calm river
• ______________________________________________
or lake and learn how to have lucid dreams.
• ______________________________________________
• These people believe their dreams can
help them understand or even find
solutions to personal or community
problems.
• In-class Reading Passage
• Are You a Dreamer?
• REM睡眠
晚上的某些时刻，会发生一些出乎意料的事——快速眼动（REM）
睡眠发生。大多数人每晚会经历三至五个REM睡眠阶段，这期间
脑波活动会加速到清醒时的水平。如果见过REM睡眠中的人或狗，
您会发现他们的眼珠快速地来回转动。许多狗和部分人在REM睡
眠时，胳膊、腿部和面部肌肉都会抽搐。REM睡眠以外的睡眠阶
段称作NREM（非REM）睡眠。
• 经历了NREM四个期之后，睡眠会出现一系列奇特的变化，最奇特
的是眼球活动。原先在NREM第Ⅳ期眼球基本上不活动的一下子变
得快速的从一侧转到另一侧，好像在看什么东西一样，这时期称
为REM睡眠相。第一次出现的REM只持续10分钟左右。
• 除了眼球快速来回活动之外，脑电波的变化也很奇特。原来大量
的δ波逐渐减少，出现了睡眠纺锤和α波，以后有出现低波幅、
快速的、多变的波形，这是清醒状态的脑电波。可是受检者并没
有醒来，他确实还在沉睡之中。
• 还有奇特之处，REM睡眠时呼吸突然加快而且不规则，心率加快，
体温轻度上升，血压也轻度升高，但是肌肉却更加放松了，下颏
更放松了，口水会流出来。有些人在这期会出现足趾的伸屈活动，
或磨牙。
• 一位熟睡的热出现清醒状态的脑电波和眼球的来回活动确实不同
寻常，所以REM又称为非正规睡眠。科学家经过反复地观察认为
REM睡眠可能与梦魇状态有关。如果把受检者从REM突然叫醒，并
请他立刻回忆和复述梦境，那么受检者可以清晰地把梦境和盘托
出，不过如果受检者在醒后又陷入深睡中或保持清醒一段时间，
则受检者会把五分钟前做的梦忘记得干干净净。
• REM睡眠还会把外界声响组合到梦境之中。例如你可能在梦境中
梦见客人不断得按你的门铃请你开门，等到突然惊醒后才发现原
来是床头的闹钟在大响着。各种疾病的发病常常和REM有关。如
心绞痛、心计梗死、溃疡病、哮喘病、中风等急性发作常常在
REM睡眠相，甚至分娩的发动也在REM时期。
• 虽然到目前为止REM的作用还不完全清楚，但是科学家认为REM对
人是必不可少的，它能使大脑得到休整，如果缺少REM（称为REM
睡眠剥夺），在次夜会加倍“偿还”，使人恶梦频频，睡不解乏。
• REM睡眠正是您做梦的时候。如果叫醒一个正处于REM睡眠中的人，
他/她将能够清楚地回忆梦境里的事情。如果叫醒一个NREM（非
REM）睡眠中的人，通常他/她不会在梦中。
• 人类必须既有REM睡眠又有NREM睡眠才能保证睡个好觉。正常人
每晚睡眠中有25%的时间用于REM睡眠，75%用于NREM睡眠。一次
REM睡眠阶段（一场梦）会持续5到30分钟。
• 药物会降低人的睡眠质量。包括多数安眠药在内的许多药物会改
变睡眠质量和REM睡眠的比重。
• I. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human
beings. (para. 1)
• II. Dreaming and sleeping. (para. 2-3)
•
i) when does dreaming occur?
When we are in REM sleep.
•
___________________________________________
•
ii) what are the main purpose of sleeping?
To give us rest and to allow us to dream.
•
___________________________________________
• III. Possible causes of dreams. (para. 4-6)
physiological
•
i)___________________________________________
•
example: sleeping with one’s feet too close to heater may
cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.
•
ii) reflection of________________________________
inner facts
•
example: worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to
dream of losing one’s job.
• IV. Dream interpretation. (para. 7-9)
•
i) the earliest dream dictionary included symbols such
drinking wine to indicate a short life
as____________________________________________
drinking water to indicate a long life.
and___________________________________________
• ii) Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such
right hand
left hand
dolphin
as___________,______________and________________
• iii) most experts warn that dream interpretations should
treated with care.
be____________________________________________
1. a. apart from giving us rest (L.21)
b. Apart from this consideration, there are
other reasons why we should do so.
2. a. get rid of material from our memories
that we no longer need. (L23-24)
b. It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit.
3. a. sleep through their alarm(L.28-29)
b. I was so bored that I slept through the
second half of the film.
4. a. dream of doorbells or telephones
ringing(L.29)
b. When I was little I dreamed of having the
money to buy all the sweets that I wanted.
5. a. But what of the dreams that do not
have such an obvious meaning? (L.39)
b. Now you’ve talked about your
education, what of your family?
6. a. the oldest of which dates back to 5000
BC(L.41)
b. The use of peas as a food dates back to
very early time.
7. a. They're popular as ever with dream
enthusiasts.(L.49)
b. These artistic handcrafts are very popular
with foreign friends.
8. a. They should be read with care.(L50)
b. You should contact with strangers with
great care.
9. a. Dreams are closely tied up with an
individual’s mind. (L.51)
b. Research shows that it is not tied up with
participants’ intelligence.
10. a. be open to mistakes and errors. (L.52)
b. This matter is still open to discussion.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ex. 1 课本P147
1. explanation 2. enthusiasts 3. frustrating
4. popularity 5. unconscious 6. electrical
7. movements 8. recognizable 9. interpretation
10. countless
Ex. 2
Task A
1. asleep 2. sleepless 3. sleep
4. sleepy
5. asleep 6. slept
7. sleeping, sleep 8. sleeper
Task B
1. submerged 2. subculture 3. submarine 4. subway
5. subzero
6. subtropical 7. subspecies 8. subnormal
Ex. 3
1. progressed 2. puzzled
3. process 4. reflected
5. predict
6. advances
7. symbol 8. ancient
9. error
10. conscious/aware 11. analysis 12. inner
课本P149 Translation
• 1. You will see that what I am saying now will come
true.
• 2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the
students fell asleep.
• 3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with the
development of new technology.
• 4. His appearance has changed so much that you
may well not recognize him.
• 5. The castle dates back to the 14th century.
• 6. She has never done anything for them, whereas
they have done everything they can for her.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
拓展课堂
Ex 2.
1.increasingly 2.consciousness 3.popularity
4.predictable 5.countless
6.symbolizes
7.analyzed
8.frustrating
9.nonsense
10.interpreter
Ex 3.
1.recurring
2.reflected
3.revealed
4.enthusiasts
5.total
6.frustrated
7.unconscious 8.error
9.impulse
10.volumes
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ex 4.
1.was tied up with
3.date back to
5.what of
7.with care
9.Apart from
2.get rid of
4.read…into
6.popular with
8.open to
10.may well
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ex. 5
1. apart from a few slight faults
2. she may well not want to go on the trip
3. but somehow we slept through it
4. never dream of cheating in a game
5. what of those people who can’t afford it
6. dates back to ancient times
7. natural produce is very popular with/among middleclass consumers
• 8. be handled with great care
• 9. tie up the robbery with the recent escape from prison
• 10. are open to the public from sunrise to the sunset
daily
Are You a Dreamer?
Lots of questions concerning dreams have interested and(1)
puzzled human beings for thousands of years. Although
______
actually
some people(2) claim
____ that they never dream, (3)________
everyone dreams. To be exact, we dream when we are in
REM sleep. Some dreams may have a simple
physiological cause, which is still not enough to tell us
(4)___________
why we dream. And some people believe that dreams are
nonsense .However, for centuries both men and
total (5)_________
women have been (6)_____
keen on seeking the answers to their
sweet or odd dreams in dream dictionaries. It is
advised
(7)________that
they should read various
dream(8)___________
interpretation with caution.
• After-class Reading Passage 1
• Dreams That Came True
• 为了说清这种预兆吉凶的梦象，科学界提出了各种不
同的假设。比如说，有个人的现实生活出了某种情况，
在他躺下来睡觉后，大脑还在继续工作，因此，当人
进入梦乡之后，事情还照逻辑继续朝下演绎。通常说
来，逻辑是不会出任何差错的，所以人醒来后现实就
会将梦中所见的景象再演绎一遍。
• 对这种预示吉凶的梦还可以作另外的解释。一个人做
了噩梦，一心老想着那件事，乃至现实生活中也不知
不觉地照梦里所见编排起自己的行为举止来，当他的
潜意识进入其生活情景的固定行为框框，梦也成了现
实。这就是梦学学者目前对能预示未来的梦的解释，
不过他们也不敢说自己的看法有多正确。
Summary
Dreams That Came True
refers to
In general, a dream coming true (1)_______
something that you wanted to happen for a long
time. Of course you would never expect nightmares
to come true. However, some bad dreams have
(2)__________.
recurred in the reality. Such is the (3)_______
case
for Mary Daughtery and John Bradley. On the night
of November 7, 1965, Mary had a nightmare
tragic plane crash
regarding the (4)__________
which came true very soon. And John had a bad
dream just a week before one of the field trips he
had planned. His nightmare came true just like
the visions in his dream on that day when they
went on hiking.
Fortunately both of them took the ill omens
(5)_____________,
seriously At last, they
in their nightmares(6)__________.
escaped by (7)_______
luck from the
sheer
overwhelming (8)_________.
disaster
• 1. a. She had a sense of dread.(L.5)
• b. I’ve a poor sense of direction.
• 2. a. Mary begged him not to go.(L.14)
• b. She begged her husband not to
scold their boy.
3. a. Flight 383 ran into a bad storm.(L.24) .
b. I ran into an old friend while touring to
Singapore.
4. a. call off the trip(L.39-40).
b. He called off his regular press conference
for unknown reasons.
• 5. a. The older boys came to a halt. (L.47-48)
• b. The car came to a halt just yards from
the barrier.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ex 2.
1.naturalist
3.awake
5.funny
Ex 3.
1.edge
3.spot
5.overhead
Ex 4.
1. on top of
3. call off
5.come to a halt
拓展课堂
2.dreadful
4.cracker
2.upset
4.cracked
2. run into
4. deal with
• Ex. 5
• 1. develop a sense of individual
responsibility
• 2. staring at the open wound in horror
• 3. we’ll run into debt
• 4. rescuers had to call off the search
• 5. the music came to a sudden halt
• After-class Reading Passage 2
• Dreaming Up a Good Mood
• 做甜蜜的美梦,常常会给人带来愉快、舒适、
轻松等美好的感受,使其头脑清醒、思维活动
增强,这有助于人的消化和身心健康,对稳定人
的情绪,促进和提高人的智慧活动能力,萌发灵
感和创造性思维都有所裨益.难怪有些国家和
地区的人,还将“祝您做一个美梦”作为睡眠
前问安的一句口头禅.
• 而恶梦,不但使人不愉快,还会干扰睡眠,影响
大脑的功能活动.而且,恶梦还往往是癌症和其
它某些疾病的早期信号.尤其是经常反复地做
一些内容大致相同的恶梦,则可预示出明显的
疾病迹象,并揭示将要发生的疾病部位、性质
和轻重程度,在病人的外部病症显露的前几天、
一个月甚至一年就可做出预测来.
1. a. dream up a good mood (title)
b. Where did you dream up that idea?
2. a. relieved of the previous evening’s
worries(L.6-7)
b. My assistant relieved me of all the chores.
3. a. The volunteers were awakened now and
then.(L.21-22)
b. He still goes to see his father now and
then.
4. a. went to bed in a bad mood. (L.27)
b. A few hours later, she was in a brighter
mood.
• 5. a. they would eventually work through
their depression. (L.41-42)
• b. They worked through a series of
problems.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ex 2.
1.previously
3.adjustments
5.progressively
Ex 3.
1.focus
3.vision
5.volunteered
Ex 4.
1.right away
3.dream up
5.focus…on
拓展课堂
2.treatment
4.participants
2.mood
4.neutral
2.work through
4.relieved…of
• Ex. 5
• 1. dream up schemes for publishing new
books
• 2. relieved me of all the unnecessary fears
• 3. only (every) now and then
• 4. he’s in a bad mood today
• 5. she will eventually work through this matter
Summary
Dreaming Up a Good Mood
According to new studies, dreams can fix our
bad moods each night. In effect, studies show
that a (1)_____night
of sleep improves moods in
solid
individuals .Eager to know how
healthy (2)__________
dreams allow our brains to repair our moods,
Rosalind Cartwright (3)_________
performed two studies. In
the first study, she gave a mood test to normally
healthy (4)___________who
participants
were divided into
two groups.
The study showed that mood did get
adjusted
(5)_________overnight.
Following the first study,
she chose the couples who were depressed by a
subjects
recent marriage separation as the (6)_______in
Consequently the finding
the second study. (7)____________,
clues for sleep therapists to work on
provides (8)_____
some problems of their patients.
Homework
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ex. 1
1~5. D B C B D 6~10. B A C B C
11~15. D A C A B 16~20. D A B C D
21~26. B B D A C 26~30. B C D A D
Ex. 2
1~5. D D C C A
6~10. A C B A B
Ex. 3
1~5. B C C D A
6~10. A D C A C
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ex. 4
1. right brain.
2. worrying can be classified as a form of daydreaming.
3. worrisome daydreams can unwittingly come true via
repetition in mind
4. a temporary escape from the demands of earthly life.
5. spontaneous imagining or recalling of various images
or experiencs.
Ex. 5
1~5. C B D B B 6~10. C D C A C
11~15. D B D A C 16~20. D D B C B
Writing
• Directions: we all have dreams, and there must
be some dreams that you can remember. Read
the following and write something about the
most impressing dreams you’ve ever had in
about 120 words on the topic
•
A(n) ______ Dream.
• A Horrible Dream
• I grew up in the country and life was hard at that time.
I used to share a bed with my younger brother. We
would often fight for space.
• One night, I had a terrible dream. In the dream, our
village was occupied by foreign invaders. The
invaders were taking away property and children from
households. They set houses on fire and killed anyone
who did not obey them. I managed to hide in a pile of
hay. I could here my heart thumping when I saw some
foreign soliers coming toward our house. I couldn’t see
them clearly because my eyes were covered with hay.
I could hear them coming nearer and talking angrily.
But I couldn’t understand anything that they said.
• Just then, I realized that on of my arms was
not fully covered. I wanted to hide it but I
dare not move. Then one of the soldiers
discovered me. I was almost scared to
death. But still I didn’t move. Then I felt a
sever pain on my left arm. I was wounded
by a soldier with a sword.
• I woke up and realized that I had just had a
nightmare. But my left arm was hurting. My
borther’s leg has been pressing on my arm.