STARTER ACTIVITY

Discuss with a partner then write 3 the cycle of analysis without your notes.

Lesson focus: What are key concepts and what are key features?

Lesson Objectives:

1.

2.

To explain the information processing model to a partner (KC 1, KF 1).

To review the classifications of skills with a partner (KC 1, KF 2).

CYCLE OF ANALYSIS

INVESTIGATE

Skills + Technique Preparation of Body (+NAB) Structures and Strategies

ANALYSE REVIEW/EVALUATE DEVELOP

CANDIDATES SHOULD BE ABLE TO…

…describe and explain how different types of feedback in practice situations improve performance (intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of results) …describe and explain a range of advanced skills relating to their chosen practical activities and distinguish between those which are open and closed …describe and explain what distinguishes the skills of a novice from a top level performer (consistency, energy, time, adaptable) …describe and explain how skill are learned, refined and adapted to various practical activities (practice, copying, trial and error, role models) …explain through the use of a simple information processing model how we learn physical skills, and the importance of feedback in evaluating, analysing and planning for improvement in performance

“the learned ability to perform a specific task with greatest efficiency and with minimum amount of effort”

The term skill can be used in 2 ways: 1. A specific task to be carried out 2. An ‘indicator’ of the quality of the performance

Key Concept 1:

The concept of skill and skilled performance.

Key Feature 1: How skills are performed through an information processing model: Input information Selecting information Making decisions Output action Receiving feedback about performance Using received information as new input information.

When you are learning and playing a sport, you use your information processing system

o The system is controlled by your brain o It has four parts

INPUT DECISION MAKING OUTPUT FEEDBACK

Example: A cricket ball could be bowled on a line to hit the stumps (input), the batsman decides to play a defensive shot (decision making), he then plays a defensive shot (output), but hears the ball has hit the stumps.

TASK: In 2’s now try and write an example for badminton.

INPUT DECISION-MAKING

Information your brain receives: The brain processes the information

•See: the direction •Hear: other players •Feel: body position

FEEDBACK

Brain looks at the results of the output

(did the ball go to its intended target?)

OUTPUT

The actual action you carry out

(move your leg to kick the ball)

“Information received during or following a movement”

o Feedback is used to improve performance o Gives information on the effectiveness of a response o Allows learning to take place o Allows a performer to correct an incorrect movement o Reinforces a correct movement o Acts as a motivator

INTRINSIC

o Feedback from yourself o Arising from the movement itself o You know how it felt o “That felt right” o Proprioception – feeling muscle tension

EXTRINSIC

o Motivational, reinforcing, informational o External source o E.g. Coach or team mate o Can support intrinsic feedback o Can correct intrinsic feedback

KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS

o Information concerning the outcome.

oDid you get the result you wanted?

o Did the shuttle go where I intended?

o Proprioception You know when you land correctly from a somersault

KNOWLEDGE OF PERFORMANCE

o Tells you how well or badly you did o Can come from a coach, teacher or friend o Can study a video of your performance

Use the information processing model.

TASK IN 3’S: Using the equipment provided demonstrate the information processing model (input, decision making, output, feedback). 1 member of the group must explain this example to the rest of the class.

Key Concept 1:

The concept of skill and skilled performance.

Key Feature 2:

How skills and techniques are performed for effective, consistent performance whilst also displaying qualities of control, fluency and economy of movement.

Understanding of skill classification terms in relation to performance.

Open/Closed Simple/Complex Discrete/Serial/Continuous

Key Feature 3:

How model performance can be used to enhance and develop performance.

…ARE SKILLS WHICH REQUIRE LITTLE DECISION MAKING AND ONLY BASIC MOVEMENT PATTERNS E.G.RUNNING, JUMPING ETC.

…ARE SKILLS WHICH REQUIRE THOUGHT AND DECISION MAKING E.G BADMINTON SERVE, HIGH JUMP ETC.

…ARE SKILLS WHICH TAKE PLACE IN A CONSTANTLY CHANGING ENVIRONMENT AND ARE CONSEQUENTLY AFFECTED BY IT …ARE SKILLS WHICH TAKE PLACE IN A FIXED ENVIRONMENT

Performer is not in complete control of the game Examples of sports activities which use open skills are games. E.g. football/ rugby/netball/ basketball/ hockey etc…

OPEN SKILL

Participants have to constantly make decisions on how to react/act Affected by the

‘environment’

E.g. weather/ opponents/playing surface These types of sports/ games contain a great deal of uncertainty

Performer in complete control of the activity E.g. Gymnastic activities/diving Pre-learned movement patterns

CLOSED SKILL

No outside influences from weather/opponents, etc…

…ARE SKILLS WHICH HAVE A CLEAR BEGINNING AND END E.G BADMINTON SERVE.

…ARE SKILLS WHICH ARE MADE UP OF A NUMBER OF SKILLS WHICH ARE PUT TOGETHER IN A SEQUENCE OR SERIES E.G JAVELIN THROW.

…ARE SKILLS WHICH HAVE NO CLEAR BEGINNING OR END AND ARE REPITIOUS E.G FRONT CRAWL, CYCLING.

TASK IN 2’s.

Place the following sports on a skill classification continuum

Simple Complex

High jump Running Badminton serve Jumping

Open

Rugby Hook Tennis volley Tennis serve Forward roll Soccer interception Saving a goal Golf swing

Closed

TASK IN 2’s.

Place the following sports on a skill classification continuum

Simple Complex

Jumping Running Badminton serve High jump

Open

Saving a goal Soccer Rugby Hook interception Tennis volley

Closed

Tennis serve Forward roll Golf swing

SPEED: Ability to move all or part of the body quickly AGILITY: Ability to change position/direction quickly COORDINATION: Ability to perform complicated movements with ease FLEXIBILITY: Ability to use full range of movement around the joints of the body BALANCE: Ability to maintain the centre of mass over the base of support whilst stationary or when moving REACTION TIME: Ability to react at speed to a given stimulus/stimuli

Top level performers perform skills with

…

o A consistently high level o An efficient use of energy o Minimum outlay of time o An ease in adapting skills to suit situation

Practice

o Can be trail & error o Guidance

Copying

o Watching others o Can be role models

WHOLE

o Presentation of new skill in its entirety o Teach the skill in its complete form

PART

o Breaking down of a skill - practise individual components o Parts then assembled into the whole

VARIABLE

o Practice open skills in varying conditions o Matches game situations

o o o

VISUAL

Often a demonstration Learner develops a mental image Visual feedback on performers own actions o o o

VERBAL

Used to describe actions More effective with advanced learners Short phrases e.g. bend knees, stretch fingers o o o

MANUAL OR MECHANICAL

Provides kinaesthetic awareness Physical support for the performer Response of the performer being directed physically