Transcript Document 7217456

Mental Health & Mental
Disease
Mental Health & Self Esteem
 Mental health is the
well being of the mind.
Self esteem is vital
 Self:
Personality
 Personality is a mix of
 What was your personality like as a baby. A
child and now?
 How is it the same?
 How is it different?
How Environment affects
Personality
 Socialization/Culture
 Conditioning; rewards and punishment for
behavior
 Observation of role models
 Gender role
 Stereotype
Theorist
 Freud: focuses on how instincts or drives
influence development
– Focuses on intellectual stages
 Erickson: Focuses on ________
development
 Maslow: Focuses on human needs
Freud’s Theory of Human Instinct
 ______: What I Want
 _______: What I will
do
 Superego: What
ideally should do
 Conscience—good
angel and bad angel
on the shoulders
Developing Healthy Wellness
 Self concept: your
view of yourself. Is it
accurate? Do others
see you that way?
 Responsibility: Do you
accept responsibility
for your behavior?
Self-Examination
 Do you have problems that you ignore and
let others resolve for you?
 Are there things about your behavior that
you would like to change?
 Does peer pressure cause you to do things
that you would like to change? Does it
cause you to do things you normally
wouldn’t do?
Defence Mechanisms
 __________: pushing feelings away from
the conscious thought.
 _______: Making an excuse for behavior.
 Compensation: Covering up faults or
weakness by trying to excel else where.
Defense Mechanisms Con't
 ________: Projecting your own negative
feelings to someone else. You are
disappointed in yourself, you say someone
is disappointed in you.
 ____________: Seeing someone as perfect.
The way you want them to be, not the way
that really are.
Defense Mechanisms Con’t
 ______________: is the creation of make
believe events that seem more pleasant or
exciting that the real world.
 Regression: To go back to a time when you
were less mature.
 ________: the refusal to recognize reality.
 Displacement: Taking emotions out on an
innocent person.
Defense Mechanisms Con’t
 ______________: hiding their true feelings
by acting opposite of how they really feel.
 e.g. Acting happy that someone else won
the award.
 Acting like you are glad that he broke up
with you.
History of mental illness
 Labels: witches,lunatics,evildoers
 Ways of dealing with mental illness:
 Rituals were performed by priest, or
magicians
 Exorcisms
 Potions to rid the evil spirits
 ________________:
hole drilled in the head
to allow the evil spirits
to be released.
 Ancient Greeks
believed that the
mentally ill person was
being punished by the
gods for wrongdoing.
 Middle ages: witchcraft and demons were
the belief of the behavior of the mentally ill
 treatment:
 Persecution, restraining, beatings, starvation
and drowning
 Renaissance;
 Belief that the stars and moon caused
madness thus the term lunacy
 Special institutions were built for the
mentally ill called insane asylums
 The conditions were unsanitary
 1700’s: French physician Philippe pinel
introduced the concept of ________, fresh air
and cleaner environment
 1883 Emil kraepelin developed a system for
diagnosing mental illness
Depression
 Everyone occasional
blues.
 Causes: Hormones or
circumstances
 Treatment: Attitude
adjustment, stress
management, problem
solving techniques,
temporary meds, & time
Major Depression
 ____% females and _____
males experience it
 Signs and Symptoms:
extreme sadness,
insomnia, hypersomnia,
decreased sex drive,
appetite fluxuations,
anhedonia, decreased
energy, hopelessness, self
mutilation, & suicidality
Treatment
 Antidepressants:
Zoloft, prozac, desyrel,
etc…
 Inpatient Treatment:
Suicide prevention
contracts: contract in
which patient will
inform staff of suicidal
feelings
 ECT electroconvulsive therapy is used only
as a last resort for extreme depression.
 It basically jumpstarts the brain to release
serotonin.
 ECT is a temporary fix. Follow up care is
mandatory
Walk between the raindrops
 The 3 things that
people have in
common that are
happy and successful
despite tragedy in their
life is……………
 1) they become knowledgeable about the topic
that is causing them pain
 2) they surround themselves with resources such
as family ,friends, church members, counsellors.
They do not try to deal with the problem alone.
 3)They do the things that they find meaningful.
They focus on the things that bring them joy and
defocus on the things that make them sad
 Think about a problem in your life!!!
 How can you become knowledgeable about
that topic?
 Who can you use as resources?
 What is meaningful in your life and how can
you use that to bring you joy?
 Depression is a chemical imbalance but the
chemical imbalance can be restored with
 A) medication
 B) attitude change
 c) talk therapy
 _____% of all suicide victims have a
psychiatric disorder.
 Psychiatric disorders can be treated with
medication and counselling
 ____% of all suicide victims have alcohol in
their system
Eating disorders
 ________ patients are
at higher risk for
suicide than bulimia
patients
Depression questionnaire
suicide video
Bipolar/Manic-depressive
Disorder
 Patient plays 2
different behaviors:
extreme excitement
and depression.
 Meds: Lithium, tegretol
& valprotic acid, anti
seizure meds ( mood
stabilizer)
Signs & Symptoms
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Excitement
Grandiosity
Insomnia
Increased energy
Increased spending
(shopping sprees, or
excessive buying)
 Agitation
 Euphoric
 Delusions
 Hallucinations
Schizophrenia
 ________ mental
disorder in which a
person cannot fantasy
from reality.
 Meds: anit-psychotic
drugs like clozaril
Signs & Symptoms
 Hallucination: auditory,
somatic, tactile, visual,
or olfactory
 Delusions
 Flat monotone voice
 Inappropriate
expression of
speech/content
 Lack of
initiative/energy
 Disheveled
appearance
 Poor hygiene
 Rigid posture
 Pacing for hours
 Rocking
 Bizarre behavior
Antisocial Disorder
 Person has not
_____________ or
remorse
 S&S: irresponsible w/
family, friends and
financial matters. Irritable,
aggressive but charismatic
and manipulative to get
their way
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
OCD
 Obsession: an idea,
thought or impulse that
does not go away
 Compulsion: Behavior that
is respective and
intentional
 Washing hands, counting
items, anal organization
habits, etc…
 This is different than being
diligent or careful.
 Begins at any age
 Males and females equally
 Tend to abuse alcohol and anti anxiety
drugs
Post traumatic stress syndrome
 Experiences
_________________
event such a rape,
witness a murder,
MVA, war
symptoms
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Recurrent thoughts of the event.
Acting it out
Nightmares
Depression
Anxiety
Feeling of guilt
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Impulsive behavior
Hyper vigilance
Exaggerated startle response
Angry outburst
flashbacks
Dissociative identity disorder
 2 or more distinct personalities, each with its
own way of perceiving, relating to and
thinking about the environment and self.
 Only one personality is in control at a time.
 When one person comes out it is called
dissociation
 Each personality is called an __________
 Host personality is in control most of the
time.
 Some alters age with time
 May be different ages, race, and gender.
 Each alter has a job.
 Perhaps, spouse, parent, employee,
child,etc
 One alter may go on a trip and the other get
the bill, and not remember the trip
symptoms
Loss of time
Regressive behavior
Extreme changes in behavior
Not keeping appointments
Autism ( not a mental disorder)
 Mental _____________ in which the
attention or interest is fastened on the
patients own self centered mental state,
unaware of reality.1 of 88 ind have autism.
 Autistic savant: tend to have hidden talents
such as math or music
____________ attack
 Paralysis of the individuals ability to function
socially or deal with life situations rationally
 Symptoms:
 Lightheadedness
 Heart palpitations
 Tingling or numbness
of the extremities
 )parathesis)
___________ attack
 A severe form of
anxiety that leads to
sheer terror
hypochondriasis
 Preoccupied with their
health
 Convinced they are ill
even though the Dr.
cannot find anything
wrong
phobia
 A dread or irrational
fear of specific objects
or situations.
 Do phobia scavenger
hunt
agoraphobia
 Fear of some many things that the individual
will not leave their home.
Tools to curb anxiety
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Slow down
Good nutrition
Adequate sleep
Exercise
Take walks
Meditate
Relaxation techniques
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Relaxation breathing
Get away
Music
Recreation
Develop routine
Seek out friends
Volunteer
 Live in the here and now.
 Go to therapy
Anti anxiety meds
Don’t characterize things.
Focus on what you can do not what others should
do.
Remove yourself from the toxic situation
Have a plan
Ways to create trust
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Introduce yourself (first names only)
Keep your word
Observe their body language
Make frequent short visits
Be honest: if you can’t keep the secret don’t
tell them you will
 Stay within your boundaries: don’t become
their buddy stay professional
 Set limits:
 Find out the answer to their questions
 Admit your mistakes
 Give your patient support by validating their
feeling
 Show confidence in your patient ability to
get better
 Don’t be judgmental
 Be yourself
 Socialize when appropriate
 Encourage the use of leisure
 Reassure them that they are safe
communication
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Use open ended questions
Paraphrase
Body language
Touch proximity
Transference( you remind them of
someone)
Safety issues
 Elopement
 Contrabands
 Room checks