Transcript Step Up To: Psychology

1. A person may have a strong fear of
spiders, but it is not considered a
disorder unless it is:
• A) not based in reality.
• B) the result of a traumatic
experience.
• C) a harmless spider.
• D) dysfunctional.
6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath,
trembling, dizziness, chest pains and
choking. She goes to the emergency room
and is told she is not having a heart attack,
she is experiencing:
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A) generalized anxiety.
B) a phobia.
C) agoraphobia.
D) a panic attack.
8. Hand washing several times until
the skin bleeds may be an example
of a(n):
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A) compulsion.
B) obsession.
C) phobia.
D) panic attack.
9. It is suggested that it is the _______
that abused children experience that
makes them more vulnerable to the
effects of trauma when adults.
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A) abusive trauma
B) mental anguish
C) learned helplessness
D) repressed anxiety
10. Fear-learning experiences can
traumatize the brain, by creating
fear circuits within:
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A) the left parietal lobe.
B) the prefrontal cortex.
C) the occipital lobes.
D) the amygdala.
11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real
case, he would most likely be currently
diagnosed with:
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A) multiple personality disorder.
B) paranoid schizophrenia.
C) dissociative identity disorder.
D) borderline personality disorder.
12. Showing little or no remorse, the
person with ____ personality disorder will
frequently lie, cheat or steal without
thinking of the consequences to
him/herself or to others.
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A) antisocial
B) sociopathic
C) criminal
D) delinquent
13. Those with antisocial personality
disorder show decreased functioning
in the ___ of the brain.
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A) corpus callosum
B) frontal lobes
C) amygdala
D) thalamus
14. The person diagnosed with ____
experiences a heightened sensitivity to
rejection, resulting in withdrawing from
others.
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A) antisocial personality disorder
B) multiple personality disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) avoidant personality disorder
16. Mood disorders are characterized
by the emotional extremes of:
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A) depression and anxiety.
B) hopelessness and despair.
C) mania and depression.
D) bipolar and unipolar.
18. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania?
If it is the opposite of depression, that
sounds great.” You tell Jim a major
problem is:
• A) they just want more and more
excitement.
• B) grandiosity removes all limits on thoughts
and behavior.
• C) they ignore pain and just feel great.
• D) they are too happy to deal with the
real world.
21. A false belief that is strongly held in
spite of contradictory evidence is:
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A) a leap of faith.
B) a hallucination.
C) disorganized thinking.
D) a delusion.
22. The most common type of false
perceptions in schizophrenia are:
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A) delusions of grandeur.
B) visual hallucinations.
C) auditory hallucinations.
D) disorganized thinking.
23. Lack of emotional expression shown
in schizophrenia is called:
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A) alogia.
B) avolition.
C) flat affect.
D) delusions.
24: Which of the following would be an
example of a negative symptom?
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A) hallucinations
B) expressionless tone of voice
C) inappropriate laughter
D) delusional thinking
1. Dr. Schulte tells his patient, “just say
the first thing that pops into your head.”
He is using the technique of:
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A) free association.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) dream analysis.
D) transference.
2. “I will use whatever techniques are the most
effective to help a particular patient,” is a
statement likely to be made by someone using
a(n) _____ approach.
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A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) eclectic
D) interpersonal
4. Rogers encouraged therapists to
exhibit all of the following except:
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A) analytical insight.
B) genuineness.
C) acceptance.
D) empathy.
5. Above all, Rogers believed it was
the duty of therapists to provide a
non-judgmental, grace-filled
environment called:
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A) self-actualization.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) active listening.
D) therapeutic ambiance.
6. The behavioral technique called ____
involves relaxation training and
constructing an anxiety hierarchy.
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A) progressive relaxation
B) behavior modification
C) systematic desensitization
D) anxiety release
7. When facing an anxiety arousing situation
that would at first be too difficult or expensive
to recreate, technology paired with behavioral
techniques may be used in:
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A) in vivo desensitization.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) biofeedback therapy.
D) virtual reality exposure therapy.
8. Which of the following is an example
of aversive conditioning?
• A) using a bell-and-pad to wake up a
child who bed wets.
• B) using Antabuse to induce nausea in
an alcoholic.
• C) using virtual reality to help someone
with a phobia.
• D) using shock therapy for
depression.
10. Family therapy is based on the
assumption that:
• A) parents are always the cause of a
child’s problem.
• B) the family must be treated as a system.
• C) families are easier to change than
individuals.
• D) you can fix the patient if you enlist
the help of the entire family.
16. Due to the effectiveness of antipsychotic
drugs, many mentally ill were
deinstitutionalized. The result was that many
of the severely disturbed who could not care
for themselves:
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A) were left homeless.
B) were much better off.
C) could go back to work.
D) were successfully reintegrated into
society.
17. The long-term use of antipsychotic
drugs (such as Thorazine) can result in
a potentially irreversible disorder called:
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A) psychotic rebound.
B) the “revolving door” pattern.
C) dopamine overload.
D) tardive dyskinesia.
18. One of the dangers of taking
antianxiety drugs is that, when heavy
users stop taking them:
• A) they experience physiological
withdrawal.
• B) they can experience fulfillment.
• C) they can experience decreased
anxiety.
• D) they lose their hair.
21. ECT continues to be helpful with
severely depressed and suicidal patients
by:
• A) flooding the brain with serotonin.
• B) inducing convulsions.
• C) erasing memory of unpleasant
events.
• D) punishing patients who have
negative thoughts.
23. James reports he often feels “the
blues,” but does not have a serious
depression. You recommend that James:
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A) admit himself into a hospital.
B) see a psychiatrist.
C) get more physical exercise.
D) begin taking an SSRI, such as
Prozac.
1. While watching a homeless person beg on
the street corner, George thinks, “He must be
lazy. If he would just get a job, he wouldn’t
have to beg.” It is likely George is illustrating:
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A) good judgment.
B) fundamental attribution error.
C) political bias.
D) stereotyping.
2. Asking for a small favor to increase
your chances of being successful when
asking for a larger one later is called:
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A) bait-and-switch technique.
B) a con-artist strategy.
C) attitude adjustment.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
4. When we experience _____, we feel
tension when our actions do not coincide
with our beliefs.
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A) cognitive dissonance.
B) actor-observer discrepancy.
C) personal perception.
D) self-serving bias.
5. When we experience cognitive
dissonance, the response is most
often:
• A) to change our behavior to agree with our
attitudes.
• B) depression and self hatred.
• C) to change our attitudes in the direction
of our behavior.
• D) to feel extremely guilty for acting
against our beliefs.
6. Solomon Asch’s experiment about how
perceptions may be influenced by others
resulted in:
• A) more than a third of the people changing
their opinions to agree with others.
• B) most people changing their opinions to
agree with others.
• C) most everyone ignored what others said.
• D) a small minority changed their opinions to
agree with others.
7. For teens, it is especially important to
dress and act like their peers in order to
be accepted by the group. This
pressure to conform is called:
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A) informational social influence.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) out-group homogeneity.
D) normative social influence.
8. The results of Milgram’s experiment
found:
• A) the subjects who continued knew it
wasn’t real.
• B) most subjects discontinued when
shock levels became extreme.
• C) most subjects continued to deliver
the highest level of shock.
• D) subjects had to be threatened to
deliver dangerous levels of shock.
9. Further experiments by Milgram helped to
identify factors influencing the outcome of
destructive obedience. These included all of
the following except:
• A) they volunteered to participate.
• B) being told the learners were not really
being harmed.
• C) the repetitive escalation of the task.
• D) the situation, or context, in which the
obedience occurred.
10. Milgram did not require his
subjects to shock people at the highest
level at the beginning, but to build up to
it. He used the:
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A) cognitive dissonance theory.
B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
C) normative social influence.
D) social exchange theory.
11. According to social facilitation, if you
are a professional golfer, you are likely to
perform better if:
• A) you are playing alone with a friendly
audience.
• B) no one is watching.
• C) you are playing by yourself.
• D) you are playing against competition
with a friendly audience.
12. When people are working in a group
on a project rather than individually, there
is likely to be less effort by some, called:
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A) social loafing.
B) competition.
C) self-serving bias.
D) cognitive dissonance.
13. When a group’s goal of harmony
takes precedence over rational decisionmaking, they become involved in the
process of:
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A) social cognition.
B) group polarization.
C) group think.
D) fundamental attribution error.
14. An example of group polarization
is:
• A) conservatives become more liberal after
listening to conservative talk radio.
• B) people believing they were abducted
become more convinced after chatting on the
internet with other abductees.
• C) prejudiced individuals get together and
become less prejudiced.
• D) liberals become argumentative about
social issues after listening to air america.
15. When people lose themselves when in
an angry mob, this illustrates the process
of:
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A) self-serving bias.
B) deindividuation.
C) group think.
D) actor-observer discrepancy.
18. Rape victims are sometimes blamed for
wearing too revealing clothes and, “getting
what they deserved.” This false conclusion is
based on:
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A) the just-world hypothesis.
B) fundamental attribution error.
C) social categorization.
D) social exchange theory.
21. The deep, affectionate attachment in
a lasting, mature love is called:
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A) passionate love.
B) marital bliss.
C) companionate love.
D) altruism.
22. Your text mentions two key ingredients
to a lasting, loving relationship. One is
equity, the other is:
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A) attractiveness.
B) compassion.
C) self-disclosure.
D) acceptance.
23. Kitty Genovese was killed while others
watched and listened. They knew others were
watching. Their behavior is explained the:
• A) apathy theory.
• B) prosocial behavior
phenomenon.
• C) altruism.
• D) bystander effect.
24: According to the bystander effect, if
you needed help you would be more
likely to get it if:
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A) many people were present.
B) few people were present.
C) someone else was also helping.
D) no one knew you.
25. According to social exchange theory:
• A) we will help if we expect something in
return.
• B) we will help if the cost of helping is
not too high.
• C) when we help others we expect them
to help us.
• D) we help those who we feel are
most deserving.