Transcript Infinova CCTV 101

Infinova
CCTV 101
What Is CCTV?
What Is The Purpose Of CCTV?
CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is a System Installed For:
 Deterrence
Overtly Installed Cameras/Monitors To Deter Actions
 Observation
Overtly Or Covertly Installed To Observe Actions
 Documentation
Recorded To Document Observed Actions
Basic CCTV System
Camera
Cable
Monitor
How Does it Work
• The Camera Samples the Scene, Coverts It To an Electrical Signal,
and Sends It Down The Coaxial, Fiber Optic or IP To The Monitor.
The Monitor Electrically Charges the Front of the Picture Tube to
Re-create the Image.
The Monitor Blanks and the Process Repeats.
Choosing A Lens
Choosing A Lens
Determine Your Field of View
•
Area of Concern
Define The Size of The Area That Needs to Be Viewed Utilizing CCTV Camera
•
Coverage
General Coverage (Wide Angle View) -or- Detail Coverage (Narrow Angle View)
Determine Your Lens Selection Factors
Horizontal
Target Area
Vertical
Object Distance
•
Target Area
Size Of Area To Be View (Horizontal And Vertical)
(Vertical View Will Be 3/4 Of Horizontal View)
•
Object Distance
Distance From Camera Mounting Position To Area Being Viewed
•
Camera Format
Size Of Imager Being Used In The Camera (Typically 1/3" Or 1/2")
Camera Format
Choosing A Lens
General Lens Selector
Format
HFOV =
1/4”
1/3"
1/2"
Wide Angle
(2x Object Distance)
2.0mm
2.8mm
3.7mm
Standard
(= Object Distance)
3mm
4mm
6mm
Telephoto
(1/2x Object Distance)
6mm
8mm
12mm
Field of View: Camera Viewing Doorway At 10' Distance
2.8 MM (20 Ft. Wide)
4MM (10 Ft. Wide)
8MM (5 Ft. Wide)
Choosing A Lens
Lens Field of View Calculator
Select Camera Format (1/4” 1/3",1/2")
V
H
F
Object
Distance
Format
Align Format With Object Distance
Focal
Length
Align V Or H (Vertical Or Horizontal)
On Clear Slider With Desired Viewing Area
at this Selected Distance
Read The Required Lens Focal Length (F)
This Process Can Be Reversed To Determined What View
Pre-selected Lens Would Give From A Specific Object Distance.
Choosing A Lens
View Finder Lens Gauge
Focal Length and
Imager Selection
Look Through View Finder, Selected Desired Viewing Area Note Lens Focal Length Requirement
Based On View Selected.
Camera and Lens Compatibility
Lens Mounting Types
Lens are Available In Two Mounting Styles: C And Cs
C-Mount Lens Mount 5mm Deeper Than CS-Mount Lenses.
C-Mount
CS-Mount
17.52MM Deep
12.52MM Deep
The Rules of Lens Mounting
C/CS Adjustment
CS-Mount Lens on
CS-Mount Camera
C Mount Lens
on Camera With
Adjustable C/Cs
Mount
C/CS Spacer
C-mount Lens
on CS-mount
Camera Using
CS/C Adaptor
Never!
C-mount Lens
Directly On
CS-mount Camera
Camera and Lens Compatibility
• Lenses and Imager Format
Lenses Are Made For Specific Camera Imager Formats (Chip Sizes).
A Lens Format Equal To
To The Camera Format Is Best.
A Lens Format Smaller Than
The Camera Format Is Not Acceptable!
(Example. 1/3" Lens With 1/3" Camera)
A Lens Format Greater Than
The Camera Format Is Good.
(Example: 1/2" Lens With 1/3" Camera)
Image Cropping
(Tunnel Vision)
Lens Iris Types
The Lens Iris (Aperture) Is An Adjustable Opening Which Regulates
The Amount Of Light Passing Through The Lens.
The Main Types Are:
•
No Iris
- Lenses With No Iris Adjustment. Suitable For Indoor
Cameras In Steady Light Conditions And Electronic Shutter (Electronic Iris).
Mostly Used on Pinhole Board Level Cameras
•
Manual Iris - Lenses With Manually Adjustable Iris. Suitable For Indoor
Camera Applications With Steady Light Conditions.
•
Auto Iris - Lenses With Automatically Controlled Iris Responding to
Changing Light Conditions. Suitable for Indoor or Outdoor
Camera Applications. This is the Most Common Lens Due to its Scene Lighting
Adaptability
Auto Iris Lenses
There Are Two Types Of Auto Iris Video and DC
Video Type Auto Iris Lenses
Video Type Lenses Sample the Video Signal Coming From the Camera and Adjust the Iris
Aperture Accordingly. Video Lenses Have Fine Tuning Adjustments on Them for Iris Opening
Control (Level) And Reaction Speed (ALC).
Level (Iris Opening Control)
Picture Is Dark. Adj. Clockwise To High (H).
Picture Is Bright, Adj. Counter-clockwise To Low (L).
ALC (Iris Reaction Speed)
Contrast Is High, Adj. Clockwise To Average (A)
Contrast Is Low, Adj. Counter-clockwise To Peak (P) To
Camera
To Camera
DC Auto Iris Lenses
DC Type Auto Iris Lenses Are Controlled Directly By A Circuit Within The Camera. Any Fine Tuning Of
The Lens (If Applicable) Is Done At The Camera. This Has Become The Most Common Lens
Type
No External Controls
All Iris Functions
Controlled By Camera
To Camera
F-Stop
F-stop is the Comparative Rating For Lens Iris Opening To Compare How Much
Available Scene Lighting is Passed Through the Lens and Iris to the Camera Imager.
• The Lower The F-stop, the More Light A Lens Will Pass.
• The Higher The F-stop, the Less Light A Lens Will Pass.
Lens Passes More Light
(Less Scene Light Or Less Sensitive Camera Required)
F/0.7
F/1.0
F/1.4
F/2.0
F/2.8
Lens Passes Less Light
(More Scene Light Or More Sensitive Camera Required)
Each Increase In F-stop Reduces Light Available to Camera Imager Incrementally
Special Application Lenses
•
Varifocal
Lens With Manually Variable Focal Length, Adjustable With A Short Range. (Typically
3.5 To 8mm, 6 To 12mm, 9 to 22mm and 5 to 50mm)
•
Zoom Lens
Lens With Adjustable Focal Length, Manual Or Motorized (Remote Control) Wider
Range Than Varifocal Lens (Example: 6-36mm, 6-60mm, 8-48mm, 8-80mm,
10-100mm )
•
Pinhole Lens
Lens With Very Small Opening On Front To Allow Viewing Through Small
Hole (1/8" Or Less). Allows Camera And Lens To Be Concealed. For Covert and
Discreet Applications
•
Aspherical Lens
Specially Manufactured Lens That Has An Very Low F-stop. (Typically F/1.0 Or Less)
Monitors
Monitors
• What Size Monitor?
Select Monitor Size By Distance Minus 4 Rule
(Monitor Size = Viewing Distance)
From Monitor (Feet) Times 4 = 4 Equals
Monitor Size Required in Inches)
Getting The Most From Your Monitor
•
Proper Location
Place Monitor In A Cool Dry, Well Ventilated Area.
If It's In A Rack, Make Sure It Has A Cooling Fan To Circulate The Air.
•
Proper Set Up
Turn Contrast And Brightness All The Way Down.
First, Slowly Turn Up The Contrast Until Picture Highlights Are Visible. Second, Slowly Turn Up The Brightness
Until A Good Picture Is Visible. Instruct The Customer Not To Make Any Adjustments To The Monitor.
•
Proper Termination
If Your Video Signal Ends at the Monitor, Put the 75 Ohm/HI-Z in the 75 Ohm Position. This Stops the Signal at
the Monitor. If the Signal is Being Passed on to Another Device Put the Switch in the HI-Z Position.
Monitor “Burn In”
If the CRT Monitor is Constantly Displaying the Same Image or Scene Eventually The Internal Interlace
Coating will “Burn
•
Cable
• Coax Construction and Function
Center
Primary Means Of Carrying Video Signal.
Must Be Solid Copper Or Copper Clad Steel.
Dielectric Insulating Material
Spaces Center Conductor Evenly From Shield.
Determines Operating Characteristics Of Cable.
Shield
Ground Between Camera And Monitor.
Shields Video Signal From Outside Interference.
Must Be Copper With Coverage Of 95% Or More.
Cable Length
Extending Your Cable Run With A Video Amplifier
Video Amp
Coax
RG59
RG6
RG11
Maximum Length
500 Feet
1,000 Feet
1,500 Feet
Camera Power Cable
18 AWG
16 AWG
14 AWG
(Twisted Pair)
500 Feet
750 Feet
1,000 Feet
Maximum Length with Amplifier
3,000 Feet
4,500 Feet
6,000 Feet
Things Avoid When Routing Cable
•
Too Many Splices
Max. 5 Splices From Camera To Last Monitoring Point
Without Amp. Camera And Monitor Count As First Splice.
•
Staples And Hot Pipes
Exposed Or Shorted Copper Braids Can Cause
Impedance Problems And Ground Faults.
•
AC, Phone, And Computer Lines Induce Noise Onto Video Signal
•
RF Sources, Florescent Lamps, Motors
•
Excessive Pulling And Flexing
•
Outdoor Cable Runs
•
3/100/100 Rule
When Parallel To Other Cables Carrying Phone, Power. or Data Keep the Coax
Coax 3 Feet From These Cable For Every 100 Feet They Run Parallel for
Every 100 Volts they Carry.
Induce Noise Onto Video Signal
Intermittent Break In Center Conductor
Use Outdoor Rated Cable. Indoor Cable Absorbs Watt
Moisture And Changes Electrical Properties.
Digital Control Systems
When Mounting A Camera With A Pan/Tilt And Zoom Lens More Than 200 Feet From The Control
Equipment A Digital Control System May Be Required. Digital Controls Transmit Pan/Tilt and
Zoom Controls Signals Over Coax (Same One Used For Video) Or Over Separate Twisted Pair
Wire. Signals Are Decoded By Receiver at the Pan/Tilt And Zoom.
PTZ
Digital PTZ Control
Coax or Twisted Pair
Receiver
Local 110V Power
Multiple Control Sites, Multiple PTZ Sites
Some Digital Control Systems Allow Control Of A PTZ From Multiple Sites.
PTZ
Control Site #1
Receiver
Control Site #2
Local 110V Power
Some Control Systems Allow Control Of Multiple PTZ From One Site.
PTZ
Control Site #1
Receiver
Selector
Local 110V Power
PTZ
Receiver
Local 110V Power
Housings And Domes
Purpose of Housings and Domes
•
Protection
For The Camera From The Environment, Tampering, or Damage
•
Concealment
For Covert Observation
Considerations For Housings:
Where Will It Mount? (Wall, Pole. Roof, Ceiling. Corner)
Is There Enough Space Inside For The Camera And Lens?
For Outside Housings, Also Consider:
•
Protection From The Environment and/or Damage?
•
Heater And Blower and/or Sunshield?
(Use Separate Power Source For Heater Blower To Prevent Transients For Blower Motor From
Affecting Camera Picture Quality!)
•
Can Pan/Tilt Or Scanner Handle The Weight Of The Housing And Camera?
•
What About Wind Resistance? (This Can Add 20% More Weight Burden)
Considerations For Domes
•
•
•
Will Pan/Tilt and/or Camera And Lens Fit Into The Dome?
Sufficient Light Available To Allow A Light Loss of 1 F-Stop By A Tinted Dome?
Sufficient Light Available To Allow A Light Loss of 2 F-Stops By A Mirrored Dome?
Mounting
Housing/Dome Location Considerations:
Rooftop
Under Overhang
Pole Mount
Enough
Clearance
to Open Housing
From The Top
Parapet Mount
(Allows Mount to
Swung Around For Access)
Mounting Straps/Adaptor To
Mount To Pole?
Power For Camera. Heater/Blower.
Receiver Available?
Permission From Owner Of Pole To
Mount To It? (Utility)
Wall
Mounting
Ceiling
Mounting
(indoor)
Corner
Mounting
Pendant
Mounting
Pole
Mounting
What's Wrong With This Picture?
Bright Spot Smears on the Monitor
Cameras Are Designed to View Light Reflected From The Scene Being
Viewed. When You Have A Bright Light Source In The Picture It May
Produce A Bright White Spot With A Vertical Line Through It.
This Is A Problem Especially At Night.
Solution: Reposition Camera To Avoid Bright Light Source In Scene.
Bright Background, Dark Foreground
A Camera In A Darker Area Viewing Into A Brighter Area The Iris To
Close Or The Imager To Reduce Gain. This Causes The Unlit
Area To Appear Darker.
Solution: Reposition The Camera To Avoid Bright Background, Illuminate Foreground To Even Scene
Lighting, or Use Camera With Backlight Compensation.
What's Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Rolls When Switcher Changes
The Cameras and Switcher Get Synchronization to Generate Frames
From The AC Power They Use. If The Cameras and Switcher Power
Supplies Are Out Of Phase They Do Not Coordinate Frame Creation
and Change. This Can Result In Frame Creation By The Camera
Occurring During Frame Changing By The Switcher.
Solution: Power Cameras And Switcher From Same Phase
Power Supply. If Problem Persists, Reverse Leads On Camera.
Picture Is Snowy Or Snowy Bars Roll On Screen
The Coax Cable Is Picking Up E.M. Or R.F. Interference.
This Problem Is Very Prevalent When Using Cheap Cable.
Solution: Re-route Cables Away From Problem Areas
And Use Only Good Quality Cable.
What's Wrong With This Picture?
Monitor Has "Ghosts"
When A Monitor Is Not Properly Terminated The Video Signal Reflects Back
On Itself Resulting In Secondary Images Called "Ghosts." Unless You Are
Passing The Video Signal On To Another Product The Signal Needs To
Be Terminated. This Also Occurs When "T-tapping" Video Signals.
Solution:
Make Sure "75 Ohm/Hi-z" Switch Is In "75 Ohm" Position Unless
Passing Video Signal On To Another Device. Loop Video Signal
Through Devices Instead Of 'T-tapping" Coax Cable.
Picture Tears Horizontally Or Snowy Bars Roll
The System Is Suffering From A Ground Loop(s). A Ground Loop Is
Caused When The Camera And Monitor Are Powered From Different
Sources With Different Ground Potentials. If A Path For Current Flow
(Other Than The Coax) Exists Ground Loops Are Possible. A Difference
Of A Few Millivolts Can Cause A Ground Loop. Ground Loops Are Not
Predictable And May Appear And Disappear After The System
Has Been Installed. Ground Loops Become More Prevalent When It Rains.
Solution: Power All Cameras, Monitors. And Peripherals From The
Same Source Or Install Ground Loop Corrector(s).
What's Wrong With This Picture?
Great Picture During Day, Out Of Focus At Night
The Lens Has A Small Depth Of Field. When A Lens Is Focused During The Daytime With Plenty Of
Light Reflecting From Many Directions The Focus Adjustment Is Very Forgiving. At Night, When There
Is A Lot Less Light Reflecting From Fewer Directions The Lens Focus Is Less Forgiving.
Solution: Set Up Camera Focus Simulating Nighttime Conditions. Cover Front Of Lens With Neutral
Density #3 Or Darker Filter Or Cover With #5 Welding Goggles. If Problem Persist, Return
To Camera Sight During Night Hours And Adjust Camera Focus.
No Picture At The Monitor
An Open Or A Short In The Cable Is The Most Common Cause. Breaks In The Center Conductor Are
Usually Caused By Excessive Pulling Or Bending Shorts Are Usually Caused By Improper Connector
Installation.
Solution: Meter Cable For Shorts And Opens With Connectors Installed and Removed From Both
Ends Of The Cable. Replace If Required
What's Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Appears Dark With Auto Iris Lens On Camera
This A Symptom Of A Number Of Possible Problems. Some Things To Check:
1) Is The Connector Wired Properly?
2) Is The Camera Auto Iris Drive Compatible With The Lens Auto Iris Drive?
3) Are The Camera And Lens Formats Compatible?
4) For Video Type Lenses, Was The Level (Main Iris Control) Adjusted?
Solution: 1) Double Check Connector Pin Out And Solder Connection
2) Make Sure That The Proper Auto Iris Drive (Video or DC) Is Being Used With The Proper
Camera. Some Cameras Will Drive Both Video And DC Lenses, But Have A "Video/DC"
Switch On Them Or Alternate Wiring Configurations For Different Lenses.
3) Make Sure The Lens Format Is Equal To Or Larger Than The Camera Format.
4) Adjusting The "Level" Adjustment On A Video Type Auto Iris Lens Towards "High" Will
Open The Iris, Towards "Low“ will Close It
Special Application Lenses
Varifocal
Lens With Manually Variable Focal Length, Adjustable With A Short Range.
(Typically 3.5 To 8mm, 6 To 12mm)
Zoom Lens
Lens With Adjustable Focal Length, Manual Or Motorized (Remote Control)
Wider Range Than Varifocal Lens (Example: 6-36mm. 6-60mm, 8-48mm, 8-80mm)
Pinhole Lens
Lens With Very Small Opening On Front To Allow Viewing Through Small Hole (1/8" Or Less). Allows
Camera And Lens To Be Concealed.
Aspherical Lens
Specially Manufactured Lens That Has An Very Low F-stop. (Typically F/1.0 Or Less)
Video Multiplexing
What Is Video Multiplexing?
Video Multiplexing Is The Ability To Record and / or Display Multiple Cameras At The Same Time.
Tri-Plexing – The Ability to Record, Display & Playback Simultaneously
The Roots Of Video Multiplexing:
Sequential Switcher
Accepts Multiple Video Inputs And Sequences Them On Single Video Output.
Cameras
Switcher
Monitor
Advantage:
Full Frame (1 Camera At A Time) Recording Of All Cameras.
Disadvantage:
Loss Of Viewing/Recording Of A Camera While Viewing/Recording Other Cameras On The Switcher.
Video Multiplexing
Quad
Accepts 4 Video Inputs. Digitally Compresses Each Signal, And Combines Them Into A Single Signal
For Simultaneous Display.
Cameras
1
2
3
4
Quad
Advantages:
View/Record All Cameras All The Time.
Ability To "Zoom" Any Camera Full Screen On Playback.
**(Some Models)**
Disadvantages:
Resolution (Picture Quality) Is Lost Due To Digitization Process. (Up To 75%, Affecting Viewing
And Recording)
Zoom On Playback Is Strictly Playing Single Picture Full Screen.
(Enlarging Digitally Compressed Picture, No Resolution Regained)
DVR
DVR
• The DVR SYSTEMS, Digital Video Recorder (DVR) is a high-quality
digital recorder that is made to improve efficient crime prevention,
disaster measures and security management.
• The DVR makes it possible to record continuously without TAPE,
instant capture, multiplexed recording with high resolution and
searching.
• The DVR also supports Matrix Switcher using LAN that is essential
for large scale projects.
• The DVR offers to transmit the video images to main system and
remote control through WAN, PSTM, ISDN AND TCP/IP.
Physical description
Front Panel View (16 channel DVR)
Infinova
READY
SHIFT
ALARM
HDD
STATUS
TX/RX
LINK
WIDE
1
1
0
11
10
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ABC
DEF
GHI
JKL
MNO
PQRS
TUV
WXYZ
13
14
15
16
PRST
SHIFT
F1
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
TELE
16
PTZ
SYS
MENU
PTT
REC
PLAY
IRIS+
IRIS-
ESC
ENT
ENT
Rear Panel View (16 channel DVR; Looping version with 2 Audio input)
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
18
16
VIDEO IN
Tested To Comply With
FCC Class B Standard
For Home Or Office Use
230V 50Hz
110V 60Hz
LOOPING
AUDIO IN 1
VIDEO OUT
KEYBOARD
LINE IN
9
ETHERNET
VGA
0 G G 1
USB
AUDIO IN 2
2
16 17
3
AUDIO OUT
4
5
6
7
ALARMS
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8
RS-232
RS-485
9
10
11
12
2
3
ALARMS
4 5 6
13
7 8
1
G
RELAYS
2 G 3 G
4
G
14
15
Physical Description
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Max 16 video in
Max 16 audio in (Audio model)
Max 16 looping video out and 2 audio in (Looping model)
1 video out (BNC)
1 VGA video out
1 audio out (speakers)
1 line in (for voice talk)
1 10/100M Ethernet
4 IDE, support max 8 hard disks
MAX 16 alarm in / 4 relay out
2 RS-485 for keyboard, 1 RS-485 for PTZ control
1 RS-232
1 USB (CD-RW, Hard drive, USB Disk)
Features
Operating System:
Embedded real-time multitask operating system (RTOS)
VxWorks, burned on a flash memory which make the system more
stable, faster and reliable with no reboot time.
Compression functions:
• 30 fps/NTSC or 25 fps/PAL per each channel
• Each channel can be compressed independently (fps, the variable bit
rate or the CIF resolution up to 4 CIF).
• Audio baud rate is 16 kbps (voice quality)
• The mixed Audio and video generate the complex but efficent
H.264 stream.
Features
Notes:
For V3010/16, any Channel can be set as 4CIF resolution, with the Limitations
of 10CIF for every 4 channel. Each CPU and process MAX 10 CIF in total. If
using 4CIF resolution, please set the bit rate as 1.5Mbps or above in order to
get excellent images.
Storage Features:
• Can install 8 HDD and each HDD supports 500Gbytes so in total 4 TB.
• Support FAT32 file system.
• Support network access storage (NAS).
• Support USB flash disk, USB hard disk, USB CDRW for backup.
• Support hard disk sleep mode.
Features
Alarms:
• The Alarm Can Trigger Recording.
• Supports 6 Recording Modes:
Schedule Mode, Alarm Mode, Motion Detection,
Motion Detection & Alarm, Motion Detection |Alarm And Manual.
• Support Set-up Of Alarm Related With PTZ Preset.
• It Can Transfer The Alarm To A Relay Out.
Note:
PAL:
4CIF(704*576),DCIF(528*384), 2CIF(704*288),CIF(352*288),QCIF(176*144).
NTSC:
4CIF(704*480),DCIF(528*320), 2CIF(704*240),CIF(352*240),QCIF(176*120).
Features
Network Functions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Full control over the DVR from the remote client software (PTZ, running
state, DVR parameters, RS232, RS485 )
Streams can be recorded in a remote host PC.
Files in DVR can be downloaded to or remotely played in a remote host
PC.
Support remote upgrading via the network.
Support voice talk between host in surveillance area (back end) and
Net DVR (front end)
Support TCP/IP
Features
Others:
• Support many Industry PTZ protocol.
• Support multi-zone motion detection.
• Support position configurable OSD.
• Support watermark technology.
• Support Privacy masking.
• Search function by (trigger, time, channel number)
• Support local file Playback and time playback, support play fast, play slow,
pause, play frame one by one, etc.
• Support RS-485 interface keyboard.
• Multi-level user priority.
Application
Digital Video Recording Incorporates Multiplexing
The Best Of Both Worlds
Video Multiplexing is built into the DVR and Combines The Best Features Of:
The Switcher (Full Frame. Full Resolution Recording)
The Quad (Multi-screen Display)
Multiplex Recording
DVR’s allow the ability to Record, Playback and View Simultaneously
Monitor
Video In
Cameras (up to 16) In
DVR
Video Out
Multiplex Display
When A Camera image is Recorded , Its Camera Number Is Logged With
The Frame Of Video.
This Allows Individual Cameras (Or Multiple Cameras) To Be Recalled From
The Tape On Playback And Displayed On The Monitor.
Single
Quad
16 Way
8+2way
Multiplexer Special Options
Activity Detection
Senses Changes In Picture From Frame To Frame. Feature Is Typically
Selectable By Camera, And Sensitive Areas Are Selectable.
Activity Detection Zones
No Alarm
Interleaving
Alarm!!
Inserting "Priority" Camera At Higher Interval in Recording Process To Record
More Video From That Camera.
Interleaving Is Typically Caused By Activity Detection Alarm Signals or
External Alarm Contact Closures.
1 3 2 3 3 4 3 53 6 3 7 3 8 3 9
Camera #3 Interleaving into recording
Spot Monitor
Activated Manually, or Automatically by
Activity Detection or Alarm Input.
Alarm Input
Main Monitor
DVR
Spot Monitor
Why Color?
•
•
True Color Reproduction
True Color Versus Shades Of Gray
Red Car
Blue Car
Green Car
Red Car
Blue Car
Green Car
Why Color?
Accurate Subject Identification
True Color Versus Shades Of Gray
Synthetic Fabrics Reflect More Heat (Infrared) Than Natural Fabrics.
On A B&W Camera, Synthetic Fabrics Will Appear Lighter Cotton Shirt (Reflect More
Light) Than Natural Fabrics.
Cotton Shirt
Polyester Shirt
Why Color?
Increased Attention Span over B&W
Average Person Has Four (4) Time The Attention Span When Watching Color
Superior Performance For A Modest Increase In Price
Technology Has Narrowed The Pricing Gap Between Color and B&W
"Is There A Drawback To Color?"
Color Cameras Require More Light To Give A Color Correct Picture. Be Sure Your Have
Sufficient Scene Light (Especially Outdoors!)
Audio Surveillance
Why Audio Surveillance?
Additional Documentation of an Event (Audio + Video)
18/2 Shielded Cable
Microphone
Amplifier / Speaker
DVR
15’ Range
Cooler
With Compressor Running
Where Do I Put The Microphone? As Close A Possible To The Action.
The Microphone Is Typically Omni Directional.
It Should Be Mounted as Close as Possible To The Action,
and as Far Away From Other Noise Sources As Possible.
The Recording of Audio is Not Permitted in Many States Due to the Right to Privacy Laws.
Please Consult Counsel for Each Audio Application
Text Inserters or Point of Sale (POS)
Text Inserters Take Information Keyed Into A Cash Register or Computer
and Overlay Onto Video From A Camera Viewing The Area Of The Transaction.
Why Use A Text Inserter?
To Document A Transactions Video (Items Being Sold And Who They Are Sold To) With The Text
Information From The Transaction.
Electronic
Cash
Register
Coax (from Camera)
Gas 10.00
Soda 0.80
Beer 3.50
Chips 0.99
Tax 0.59
Information
Being Entered
on Register
Text Transfer
Common Theft Practices Catchable By A Text Inserter
Sweetheart Selling
Ringing Up Expensive Items At A Lower Price
No Sales
"No Sale" Key Is Punched During Transaction. Clerk Pockets Cash Because The Transaction Does
Not Show Up On The Register
Video Transmission
(It's Not Just Coax Anymore!)
Twisted Pair
Video And Control Signals Can Be Sent Over Twisted Pair Phone Cable.
Coax
Transmitter
Twisted Pair Cable
Receiver
Coax
Advantages:
Long Distance (Up To 2 Miles)
Use Existing Wiring (1 Pair 24awg Phone Wire)
Some Systems Will Allow Reverse Control Signals (PTZ)
Applications:
Where Pulling Cable Is Not Practical, And Unused
Twisted Pair Phone Wire Is Available.
Disadvantages:
Additional Interface Equipment (Transmitter & Receiver) Required To Operate System.
Wireless
Video And Control Signal Can Be Sent Via RF (Radio Frequency).
Coax
Transmitter
Receiver
Coax
Clear Line of Sight
Advantages:
Long Distance (Up To 10 Miles)
Wireless Control (Reverse Link Transmitter)
Applications:
Where Pulling Cable Is Not Practical, And No Other Cable Is Available To Handle Signal.
Disadvantages:
Line Of Sight (No Obstructions!)
Adversely Affected by Weather (Rain/Fog)
High Power Systems Require A FCC Site License
Telephone
Video And Control Over Telephone Network
Telephone
Network
Coax
Coax
Advantages:
Dial Up Surveillance" (Automatic Or Manual)
Works Over Standard Dial Up Phone Lines Control And Audio Option (Some Units)
Applications:
Remote Site Surveillance (Continuous Or On Demand) Video Verification Of Alarm Events
Remote Business Management
Disadvantage:
Not "Real Time" Video (30 Frames/Second)
Refresh Rates Dependant Upon Equipment Used, Resolution Quality Desired,
And Type Of Phone Line (Standard Or High Speed)
Fiber Optics
What Is Fiber Optics?
Fiber Optics Is Converting Electronic Signals To Pulsed Light Signals, Sending These Light Signals
Over A Fine Strand Of Glass, Receiving The Light Signals At The Other End And Converting The
Back To Electronic.
Coax
Transmitter
Receiver
Fiber Optic Cable
Coax
Light “Bouncing” Down Fiber Optic Cable
Core - Transmits Light Signal
Mirrored Inner Surface
Optical Fiber Construction
Cladding- Keeps Light Within Core Mirrored Inner Surface
Buffer- Protects Cladding from Damage
Fiber Size is Measured in Microns µ
62.5 µ
1000µ = 1mm
125 µ
Fiber Optic Cable Construction
Optical Cable - Core/Cladding/Buffer
Kevlar Strength Members
Outer Jacket
Types Of Fiber Optic Cables
Loose Tube
(Outdoor Use)
Fiber Optic cable
Gel
Gel Protects Cable From Moisture And Damage
Tight Buffer
(Indoor Use)
Fiber Optic cable
Secondary Buffer
Secondary Buffer Protects Fiber From Damage
IP Local and Remote
Fiber Optic Advantages
Long Distance
Basic Systems Up To 10,000 Feet. High Power Systems Up To 30 Miles
RFI/EMI Immunity
No Metal To Carry Or Induct Current
Cable Tray Flexibility
Can Be Run In Same Tray As High Voltage (Permissible Per N.E.C)
Lightning Resistant
Glass Is A Very Poor Conductor
Bandwidth
Can Carry Significantly More Information Than Copper Cable
(Video, Control, Audio, And Multiple Cameras Over A Single Cable)
Physical
Smaller And Lighter Than Copper Cable
Simple Connectorization
Factory Installed Connectors or Field Installation Kit
Control Systems
Hardwire
Direct Connection To Pan/Tilt/Zoom With Individual Cables.
Disadvantages:
Multiple Cables Required (Typically 6-8c For Pit, 4-6c For Zoom) Limited Distance (Typically 200 Feet Outdoor, 400
Feet Indoor) Heavy Gauge Wire Required For Pan/Tilt (16awg For 200 Feet Outdoor) Single Control Site Only
Coax Control
Control Over Same Coax Used For Video Signal.
Advantages:
Longer Distances (500 Feet On Rg59. 3000 Feet With An Amplifier) Control Signals Travel Over Same Coax Cable As
Video (No Extra Wiring) Multiple Control Sites For Single Pan/Tilt/Zoom Multiple Pan/Tilt/Zooms Controlled From
Single Control
Twisted Pair
Control Signal Over Single Twisted Pair Cable.
Advantages:
Long Distance (Up To 10 Miles)
Multiple Control Sites From Single Control
Multi-site Control Wiring May Be Looped Or Home Run (Some Systems)
Matrix Switching Systems
Matrix Switching Systems
What Is A Matrix Switcher?
A Matrix Switcher Is A Switcher That Allows Any Camera Input To
Be Switched To Any Monitor Output.
Monitors
PTZ Cameras
Fixed Cameras
Matrix Control Keyboards
Matrix Switches – Why
When There Is No Matrix Switcher
Super Dome
Super Dome
Fixed
camera
Fixed
camera
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Matrix Switches – Why
When There is a Matrix Switcher
Super Dome
Super Dome
Fixed
camera
Fixed
camera
Matrix Switching System
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Matrix Switching Systems
Common Matrix Switcher Features
Multiple Users
Than One Person At A Time Can Control Matrix Features Via Keyboard Connection
To The Matrix Controller.
Pan/Tilt/Zoom Control
Using Coax Or Twisted Pair Control Systems, Multiple Pan/Tilt/Zooms Can Be Controlled From
Multiple Keyboard Locations.
System Partitioning
Limits Access To Cameras/Monitors Based Security Code Level.
Preposition/Presets
Causes P/T/Z Camera To Position To Pre-selected View When Selected By Keyboard Or Alarm Input.
Guard Tours/Salvo Switching
Preprogrammed Sequence Of Cameras To Be Viewed On Specific Monitor(s). Accessed By Alarm
Input, Keyboard Command, Or Timer Function.
PC Interface
System Programming And Integration, Graphic User Interface (GUI).
Video Motion Detection
What Is Video Motion Detection?
Video Motion Detectors Analyze Video Signals Generated By A CCTV Camera For Changes In
Brightness and/or Contrast In Specific Areas In The
Camera Field Of View.
Video Motion Detector
Relay Outputs
(to VCR, Sounds)
Sensitive Zones
DVR
Advantage of Video Motion Detection (Over Conventional Motion Detection)
•
Ability To Assign Sensitive Areas Within Camera View
•
Ability To Visually Link Alarm Cause To Alarm Event
•
Ability To Select Multiple Alarm Criteria (Sensitivity, Size, Speed, Direction)
Video Analytics Features
Video Analytics are not effected by Pixel Change i.e. shadows, clouds or extraneous motion.
Directional Analytics
•
Alarms Are Caused By Motion In One Direction. But Not Another.
Left to Right
-- No Alarm --
Trace Mode
Motion Is Highlighted After
Occurrence To Indicate Direction.
Right to Left
-- Alarm --
Museum Mode
Stationary Object Is Monitored
For Removal From The Scene.
-- No Alarm --
-- Alarm --
Infrared Illuminators
What Is An Infrared Illuminator?
•
An Infrared Illuminator Is A Light Source (Bulb Or Led's) That Emits Light At A Frequency Invisible
To Humans, But Viewable By A B&w Cctv Camera
Applications For Infrared Illuminators
•
Nighttime Surveillance (See In The Dark)
•
Covert Surveillance (Illuminate An Area Unknown To The Subject)
•
Visible Light Restrictions (Where "Light Pollution" Ordinances Are In Place)
Selection Considerations
•
Infrared Light Frequency Required? (Infrared Sensitivity Of The Camera Being Used?)
•
Lamp Wattage Required? (Typically, Allow 1 Watt Per Foot)
•
Pattern Required? (Wide Angle Cover Or Narrow Coverage)
Illuminator Mounting
On Top
On Camera
Next to
Camera
Never in View of
Camera