Transcript Alternatives to Realism: Pluralist Liberalism and Globalism

Alternatives to Realism:
Pluralist Liberalism and
Globalism
Pluralism
(“Nice Guys” of IR:
Keohane, Nye, Caporaso,
Ruggie, Krasner)
1. Waltz is wrong to focus on security
and conflict.
2. Other types of interaction are vital
to understand the international system
(e.g., economic)
--Leads to mutual interdependence
Pluralism (continued)
3. Add economics to achieve an
“analytical clean-up” of neo-realism.
4. Account for economic interests, not
just security interests
Pluralism (continued)
1. If states are bad, let’s curb them.
Disown Hobbes and downplay the
state.
2. Create “regimes”
3. John Ruggie (1975)
4. Stephen Krasner (1982)
Pluralism (continued)
A regime is a “set of expectations,
rules and regulations, plans,
organizational energies and financial
commitments, which have been
accepted by a group of states”
(Ruggie, 1975)
Pluralism (continued)
Regimes as “Social Institutions”
They consist of implicit or explicit:
1. Principles
2. Norms
3. Rules and decision-making procedures
Examples--GATT and OPEC
NB: Regimes are made up of states
Pluralism (continued)
Regimes as Intermediate Factors
They help to account for cooperation and discord.
Behavior is limited by the norms and rules of the
regime.
Regime theory de-emphasizes the state.
Pluralism (continued)
The Wall Begins to Crumble
Attacks on the State as the Unit of Analysis:
“Turbulence” Rosenau (1990)
“Region States” Ohmae (1995)
Non-Traditional Threats: terrorism, drugs,
crime
Information Revolution
Technology and Finance
Globalism
A More Radical Critique
(Wallerstein, Polanyi, etc.)
Globalism (Continued)
Rejection of liberalism and neoclassical economic theory
View of the International System:
Integrated capitalist world economy
Ceaseless quest for accumulation
Globalism (Continued)
Countries Belong to One of Three Categories:
1. Core (capital intensive)
2. Periphery (labor intensive
3. Semi-periphery (mixture)
Globalism (continued)
External Behavior
Core States maintain the world
economy by military or other
means
Change in the World Economy
1. Economic contraction and
expansion
2. Upward and downward mobility of
states
Globalism (summary)
1. The behavior of states is governed by the
anarchic structure of the world economy.
2. Conflict is natural in the world economy.
3. Geographically-based actors are central.
4. State behavior, however, is not rational.
5. Nation-states consist of capital, labor, and the
means of coercion.
Dependency
Theory
Emphasis on the
internal consequences
of dominance relations
Dependency Theory (Continued)
“Penetration”by a dominant society and its forces
Transnational corporations
Military forces
Political advisors and missionaries
Dependency Theory (Continued)
Penetrate weak, dependent societies
Drain local resources
Transfer economic surplus to dominant
society
Distorts the economic and social structure
Dependency Theory (Continued)
Policy Implications
Self-reliant development
Encourage counter-structures, policies, and
values