Transcript Nano Materials And Their Applications “Novel and technical materials can

Nano Materials And Their Applications
“Novel and technical materials can
save textile industry. Can they? "
PhD. Chien-Ying Tsai
3/9/2008
祥大科技
SD-Tech Industry
單元綱目
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科技紡織品現況與應用
新材料說明Shark Skin Coating鯊魚皮材料說明
Nano Copper Fiber奈米銅纖維
I Mica奈米雲母纖維
合金紗纖維 除臭功能
新材料說明 FlyWire 輕質材料說明
新材料說明 Self-Cleaning Sportswear自潔運動織品材料說明
新材料說明Precool vest 新型背心說明
新材料說明Flexible Solar Panels軟性太陽能板功能與應用
新材料說明Carbon nanotube Prevent EMI Method抗電磁波奈米碳
管功能與應用
Background
World consumption of technical textiles by regions
(in 1.000 tons)：
Source: “Technical Textiles and Industrial Nonwovens: World Market Forecasts to
2010“, David Rigby Associates, 2002
Application areas
Application areas
In 1.000 tons
General situation
1. Changing markets for “traditional textiles”:
Price pressure from Asia, lower demand, high production
costs and high production levels regarding environmental
protection
2. Image:
Technology, productivity and creativity of the textile
industry are still often misunderstood
3. Trends:
Novel textiles are globally considered to be the fastest
growing sector of the textile market. In many developed
countries like the USA or Europe novel textiles
account for already 40% of production and
consumption.
General situation
Trends:
In developing countries like China novel textiles accounted
for 20% in 2000. But there are also chances for innovative
apparel textiles offering additional properties and
applications
Usage:
Innovative Apparel Textiles with better or new properties,
new appliances
Novel textiles used in - combination with traditional
materials (e.g. textile reinforced concrete) or as substitution (e.g. composite instead of aluminum = formula1 monocoque)
Novel Materials Introduction
Shark Skin Coating
Shark Skin Coating
Shark skin is very rough, in fact so rough that dried
shark skin can be used as sanding paper. The skin is
covered by little V-shaped bumps, which made from
the same material as sharks' teeth. The rough surface
has been shown to reduce friction when the shark
glides through water, which is why sharks are
surprisingly quick and efficient swimmers.
Shark Skin Coating
Fabrics modeled on sharkskin designed to reduce drag
by channeling the water along grooves in the fabric.
These grooves allow the water to spiral in microscopic
vortices、a hydrodynamic advantage. After looking at
shark skin、NASA pioneered the use of longitudinal
riblets、ridges perpendicular to surface、to reduce
drag on flat surfaces of ships and aircraft.
Shark Skin Coating
This is shark skin (acanthias acanthias) magnified at
x70 taken with a colored electron micrograph. These
microscopic "scales" is what makes the shark's skin feel
rough. It also reduces drag in the water as it swims. On
the site it says, this design has been investigated by
engineers for use on the surfaces of aircraft and boats
Shark Skin Coating
The losses in axial compressors are primarily caused by
tip clearance and secondary flow losses. Due to the
high positive pressure gradient in flow direction the
mean flow is decelerated and the sidewall boundary
layers are thickened. In each compressor stage the
sidewall boundary layer thickness is increasing and
thereby the risk of flow separation is also increasing.
Shark Skin Coating
This is shark skin (acanthias acanthias) magnified at
x70 taken with a colored electron micrograph. These
microscopic "scales" is what makes the shark's skin feel
rough. It also reduces drag in the water as it swims. On
the site it says, this design has been investigated by
engineers for use on the surfaces of aircraft and boats
Shark Skin Coating Evidence for and Against
Improved Performance
For some subjects an active drag advantage seemed
present. An 11% reduction in active drag was observed,
a value that was nevertheless still not statistically
significant. It was with this swimmer that the authors
opined that the 11% 'reduction" came not so much
from a benefit of the bodysuit, but an increase in
resistance from an ill-fitting conventional suit.
Shark Skin Coating
University of Florida’s engineers have developed an
environmental coating for hulls of ocean-going ships
based on an unlikely source of inspiration: the shark.
UF materials engineers tapped elements of sharks』
unique scales to design the new coating.
Nano Copper fiber
Nano Copper fiber
Copper has been used for many years as a chemical
tool in freshwater farm ponds and aquaculture
operations. It is both an effective algaecide and a
parasite treatment. The problem with the use of
copper is that there is a thin line that separates
effective treatment levels from overdoses, which can
kill fish. This fact sheet is designed to explain when
copper is used, how it is used, and some precautions to
take before using it. Copper can be used to control
algae in ponds, including filamentous and higher algae
such as Chara ("Stink weed"). There have been some
efforts to use copper to reduce the abundance of algae
that cause off-flavor in catfish, but not enough is
known yet to make any definite recommendations.
Nano Copper fiber
New coating：It prevents the growth of a notoriously
aggressive marine algae and may also impede barnacles
、according to preliminary tests. If more extensive
testing and development bear out the results、the
shark-inspired coating
-- composed of tiny scale-like elements that can
actually flex in and out to impede growth
-- could replace conventional antifouling coatings.
These coatings prevent marine growth but
also leach poisonous copper into the ocean.
Nano Copper fiber
The copper paints are wonderful in terms of keeping
the ship surface clean、but they are poisonous and
they accumulate at substantial rates in harbors,
threatening marine life、said Anthony Brennan、a UF
professor of materials science and engineering and the
lead developer of the coating. 「By contrast、there are
no toxins associated with our surface.」 Brennan’s
project is being sponsored by the U.S. Navy、the
world’s largest maritime ship owner、which has
contributed at least $750,000 to the effort so far.
According to the Navy、algae and barnacles on hulls
increase drag、slowing ships and reducing fuel
efficiency. The Navy hopes to find both a more
effective and environmentally friendly technology than
the copper-based paints.
Nano Copper Benefits
Consumers responded positively to claims made about
copper. Seven out of ten people replied that they “feel
much more positive” to learn that copper kills certain
germs on touch surfaces, improves energy efficiency,
may improve indoor air quality, lasts longer and is
totally recyclable, and improves human health in
various ways.
Did you know that our metabolisms also require a
certain level of copper to maintain good health? The
amount of copper found in the human body (50-120
milligrams) is tiny, but it plays a critical role in a
variety of biochemical processes.
Nano Copper Benefits
Paper “Role of Copper in Collagen Cross-linking and Its
Influence on Selected Mechanical Properties of Chick
Bone and Tendon” (Journal of Nutrition Vol. 112 No. 4
April 1982, pp. 708-716 )
Lysyl oxidase was extracted from bone and tendon. The
recovery of activity from the extracts was linearly
correlated with copper. Tests of the mechanical
properties of tendon and bone indicated that tendon
viscoelasticity may not be significantly influenced by
copper, whereas the ultimate torsional strength of bone
is markedly decreased when the dietary copper level is
below 1 ppm. Furthermore the skin from copperdeficient demonstrated a lack of plastic deformation
prior to failure that was normally seen in bone from
control birds.
Copper Anti bacteria
Scientists at the University of Southampton in the U.K.
have found that Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) cannot survive on pure copper surfaces
for more than 45 minutes. MRSA is an infectious
bacterium that responds to only the strongest
antibiotics and is a cause of often-fatal hospital
infections in both the U.K. and the United States. The
study, published in the July 2006 issue of the Journal
of Hospital Infection, assesses the ability of copper and
brass to eradicate strains of MRSA compared with that
of stainless steel, which is commonly used for work and
touch surfaces in healthcare facilities.
Copper Anti bacteria
At refrigeration temperature, the three strains placed
on the copper were dead within six hours. On the
brass, the first two strains were drastically reduced in
six hours. The stainless steel had no effect on the
bacteria.
Nano Copper fiber
PET fiber with Copper particles can be prepared by pretreatment, vacuum
impregnation, and decomposition process. The antibacterial property of
was characterized by content, size and distribution of copper particles.
The content of particle and surface morphologies of the fiber was
dependent on initial concentration of nano copper particles, immersion
time, and decomposition temperature.
SEM images of the PET fiber
Nano Copper fiber
The preparation of the PET or Nylon textiles with copper particles was
carried out by a chemical coating, followed by exposure to infrared light.
The anti algae property of copper loaded textile was tested in a water
solution. Cu was found to be the main component of the copper particle.
TEM picture shows that the copper clusters were deposited and
embedded in the textile with a wide distribution in particle’s size.
TEM image of copper cluster on thick PET fiber on textile.
Activations of fabric by IR light.
Nano Copper fiber
Objective To assess the efficiency of algae extermination by the
combined copper fiber technology. Methods The combined copper
deposited fiber was used to treat in the culture in different time and the
efficiency of algae extermination was assessed. Results No alga in the
water sample was detected after 0.5 and 1 hour of treatment with copper
fiber as the concentration of Cu particles was at 300 ppm. The
extermination rate of algae was 80.75% after 12 days of treatment of
combined copper deposited fiber. This technology could effectively
decrease the turbidity、smell、COD、ammonia nitrogen in the treated
water. The Cu deposited fiber released by copper has a stronger
efficiency of algae extermination. The combined copper deposited fiber
will be a satisfactory method for algae extermination in the landscape
water.
Shark Skin Coatings anti Algae
Sharks remain largely free of plants and barnacles despite spending their
entire lives submerged. That contrasts、for example、some other largebodied marine species such as whales、which attract marine growth.
Sharks have placoid scales、which consist of a rectangular base
embedded in the skin with tiny spines or bristles that poke up from the
surface – the reason a shark’s skin feels rough to the touch. Brennan
decided to try mimicking that surface with an artificial coating to see if it
would also have antifouling properties. His first product: a combination
plastic/rubber coating that a microscope reveals is made of billions of tiny
raised diamond-shaped patterns.
Shark Skin Coatings
anti Algae
In addition to being very thick -- as much as four inches in some species - shark skin is made up of tiny rectangular scales topped with even
smaller spines or bristles、making the skin rough to the touch. Shark
skin was used in the past as an abrasive、for polishing wood.. In Asia、it
was used to decorate sword hilts. In the South Pacific、natives used it for
the membranes on drums.. Even today、because shark skin is so tough
and pliable、it is used to make fine leather goods、including purses、
shoes、boots and wallets. Shark skin is covered with tiny scales、known
as placoid scales. These scales resemble small shark teeth in both
appearance and structure: there is an outer layer of enamel、dentine、
and a central pulp cavity. Biologists call them "dermal denticles," which
literally translates into "tiny skin teeth." Sharks essentially have a built-in
suit of chain mail armor that doesn't make them too stiff to move.. The
scales move and flex as the shark swims.
Shark Skin Coatings anti Algae
Shark Skin Coatings - To find a way to persuade algae to move on rather
than killing them scientists at the University of Florida turned to nature.
Sharks don’t have algae or barnacle problems despite being underwater
all their lives. Shark skin is made up of tiny rectangular scales topped
with even smaller spines or bristles. This makes shark skin rough to the
touch. This irregular surface makes it difficult for plant spores to get a
good grip and grow into algae or other plants. Read More…
Novel Material -- iMica
Mica is easily distinguished
by its characteristic of
peeling into many thin flat
smooth sheets or flakes. This
is similar to the cleavage in
feldspar except that in the
case of mica the cleavage
planes are in only one
direction and no right angle
face joins occur. Mica may be
white and pearly or dark and
shiny .
Mica
The structure of
intercalayted Mica (i-Mica)
The structure of i-Mica is
the layered silicate. It
belongs to monoclinic. It
was constructed by
double-layer silicaneoxygen tetrahedron with
aluminum-oxygen
octahedron. The layered
silicate was 2:1 type. In
silicon-oxygen layer, 1/4
silicon was taken by
aluminum atoms.
The structure of i-Mica
Lots electrons are in i-Mica, which the
positive ion will get stronger bonding
effect. The LiNO3 will be added in the
reaction by using hydro-thermal process
to get the ion exchanging effect. The Li
ion will take place of the K. In this hydro
reaction, a water film will attach on the
ion. For this reaction, the effects such as :
antistatic, water absorption, hydrophilic
and so on will be enhanced. The i-Mica
also has the thermal resistance and anti
UV effects. We can say it will become
novel material in the future.
The thermal conduction effect
Because of silica structure in i-Mica, the thermal
conduction effect is better than PET. This material
would absorb the water which is hydration effect
then become water film. It is a cooling down
material for these two effects “thermal
conduction” and “hydration”.
The deodorization effect
The surface to mass ratio is about 450 m2/g for
i-Mica material. This high value will increase the
deodorization effect. The high ratio is similar to
active carbon that will make the i-Mica yarn gets
the deodorization function.
Nano Alloy fiber for
Anti-odor function
Nano Alloy fiber for Anti-odor function
As a new type of multi function medium, alloy fiber is
made of different metal as copper silver or zinc alloy
with proper composition. It has multiple functions, fiber
treatment or embedded in the surface of the yarn,
specially in advances in anti odor function. This test on
treatment of ammonia, H2S, methyl thiol, trimethyl amine,
aldehyde indicates that, removals as high as 90 % have
been obtained in treatment by nano alloy particles media
and the quality of output air is quite good to meet the
national anti odor standard.
Nano Alloy fiber for Anti-odor function
Copper and Zinc are different ability in anti odor function.
For example, nano Copper particles is excellent in anti
odor such as ammonium, H2S, methyl thiol but triethyl
amine. Nano Zinc particles is excellent in anti odor such
as triethyl amine, H2S, methyl thiol but ammonium. Pure
nano silver particles had no such anti odor function.
Nano Alloy fiber for Anti-odor function
The table of anti odor ability of Copper, Zinc and silver,
which are different in different odor function.
Species
Ingredient
Initial PPM
Final PPM
Deodor rate %
NH3
Zn
Cu
Ag
200
200
200
25
10
180
87.5
95
10%
H2S
Zn
Cu
Ag
200
200
200
5
5
18
97.5%
97.5%
91%
Methyl thiol
Zn
Cu
Ag
200
200
200
20
25
150
90%
87.5%
25%
Trimethyl
amine
Zn
Cu
Ag
200
200
200
15
25
160
92.5%
87.5%
20%
Nano Alloy fiber for Anti-odor function
The table of anti odor ability of Copper, Zinc and alloy
Copper/Zinc. The alloy is better than the others.
Species
Ingredient
Initial PPM
Final PPM
Deodor rate %
NH3
Zn
Cu
Cu/Zn
200
200
200
15
10
5
87.5
95
10%
H2S
Zn
Cu
Cu/Zn
200
200
200
0
0
0
100%
100%
100%
Methyl thiol
Zn
Cu
Cu/Zn
200
200
200
20
20
5
90%
90%
97.5
Trimethyl
amine
Zn
Cu
Cu/Zn
200
200
200
15
13
10
92.5%
87.5%
95%
Nano Alloy fiber for Anti-odor function
The Copper/Zinc particles (CZP) is an anti-bacterial and
sanitary agent, successfully applied the anti-bacterial
agent to synthetic fibers.
A basic process known as redox (oxidation/reduction
process) which process works by exchanging electrons
with contaminants. CZP is a mixture of Zinc and Copper,
as certain odor molecule and bacteria are removed from
the fiber, Zinc and Copper ions are released.
Zinc and Copper are both essential minerals for the
human body, however it is possible for some people to
get too much copper, because a small percentage of the
population retains copper. Getting too much zinc on a
modern diet isn't likely at all.
Nano Alloy fiber for Anti-odor function
Now to the answer, and the good news: the amount of
zinc and copper added to your fiber by CZP is
insignificant.
Here is part of a test report from an independent lab,
which was commissioned:
The water that had been eluted through the CZP column
prior to inoculation and there is substantial die-off of the
bacteria compared to the control water. This die-off is
very likely due to small amounts of copper and zinc ions
that are eluted (less than 0.025 ppm copper and less
than 1ppm zinc). This result is not unexpected since it is
well documented that copper is toxic to bacteria.
Nano Alloy fiber for Anti-odor function
CZP is a novel product a major advancement in fiber
technology that works on basic process known as
REDOX (oxidation/reduction) principles, representing a
new and unique way of yarn processing medium which
by its natural process of electrochemical
oxidation/reduction and adsorption action reduces
and/or removes many unwanted contaminants.
Novel Textile -- Example
Novel Materials Introduction
Flywire
The 84 grames offered the perfect
opportunity to demonstrate how
technologically advanced sporting
equipment enhanced performance from
head to toe
Flywire footweare &Windrunners
• A feature they've
dubbed "Flywire,"
results in extraordinary
support At a mere 93
grams, the shoes break
all previous records for
weight
• Designed as a running
jacket, its nylon
construction meant
lightweight wear.
Flywire
• Threads Work Like
Bridge Cables
• The Zoom Victory spike
takes its design inspiration
from the engineering of a
suspension bridge
Flywire Engineered fibers
• Creating a skeleton
or cradle with
engineered fibers:
High Strength Nylon
and better than
Kevlar®
• Windsurfing sail
fabric
Self-Cleaning Sportswear
The new technology attaches
nanoparticles to clothing fibers using
microwaves. Then, chemicals that can
repel water, oil and bacteria are directly
bound to the nanoparticles.
Self-Cleaning Sportswear
Self-Cleaning Sportswear
• The U.S. military spent more than $20
million to develop the fabric, deriving from
research originally intended to protect
soldiers from biological attack.
• We treated underwear for soldiers who
tested them for several weeks and found
they remained hygienic. They also helped
clear up some skin complaints."
Novel Materials Introduction
Precool vest
Precool vest
• It’s an accessory that cools an
athlete's core temperature
improving performance.
• Drawing on '60s fashion's use of
paillettes as a way to hug the
contours of the body, the vest uses
insulated triangle-shaped pods filled
with water, which when frozen,
cools the body. Pods vary in size
according to their positioning on the
body, minimizing the overall weight.
The Burning Man aesthetic comes
from aluminum coating designed to
reflect heat.
Novel Materials Introduction
Flexible Solar Panels
Flexible Solar Panels
Flexible solar Panels can be combined
with architectural fabric to add
power to innovative and exciting
tensile structure designs.
Novel Materials Introduction
Carbon nanotube Prevent EMI
Method
Carbon nanotubes go Super Plastic
and Super Yarn
Features of Carbon NanoTube
Features
values
Note
Dimension
0.6~1.8nm
Wavelenght:50n
m
thickness:2~3nm
density
1.33~1.4g/m3
Al:2.7 g/m3
Tensile Strength
45GPa
High strenght
steel alloy :2GPa
Thermal
Conductivity
6000w/m.K
Diamond:3320w/
m.k
Thermal Resistivity
Vacuum:2800℃
Aie 750 ℃
Metal for
IC:600~100
0℃
Cost
3000~10000NT/
KG (MW-cnt)
EMI Prevent Materials Compare List
Additive
Add amount (wt%)
note
低分子量抗靜電劑
0.05~8.0
時效短、表面油光
導電碳黑
5~40
影響強度
碳纖維
5~20
價格貴
不銹鋼絲
3~7
影響射出設備噴嘴
鍍鎳石墨纖維
5~10
價格貴
奈米碳管高分子
0.5%
每公斤使用成本約
25~50元
Reference:RAPRA Technology Ltd.,1996
Carbon nanotube in polymer
Application
Items
Application Products
Electronics industry
Clean room system and
equipment: clothes、shoes、
gloves
Medical equipment
industry
operating room system :operating
coat、clothes、shoes、gloves
packaging industry
IC component pack 、 electronics
equipment
Chemical engineering
pipeline 、 duct 、 infusion tube 、
deliver equipment
Storage industry
steam reservoir、stock tank、gas
receiver
Thanks for Your Attention