Transcript Document 7201873

Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources
David R. Maidment
University of Texas at Austin
• Arc Hydro
– Culmination of a 3-yr effort
– GIS in Water Resources
Consortium
– Customization of ArcGIS for
water resources
– Arc Hydro toolset and
application framework
CRWR
GIS in Water Resources
Consortium
GIS
Water
Resources
Bringing together these two communities by using a
common geospatial data model
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
ArcGIS Introduces
• A new geographic data model
• A new geographic database
Geodatabase
MS Access
Oracle
SQL Server
Informix
DB2
– Stored in an Relational
Database (Geodatabase)
• ArcObjects
– Component Object Model
(COM) objects that access
IFeature
geographic data
– Works like MS Word, Excel,
Powerpoint, ….
IFeatureBuffer
IFeatureDraw
Feature
IFeature : IRow
IFeatureBuffer : IRowBuffer
IFeatureDraw : IUnknown
Geodatabase Model
Geodatabase
Collection of FeatureDataSets
Like a workspace
FeatureDataSet
Collection of FeatureClasses
Like a Coverage
FeatureClass
Collection of Features
Like a Coverage FeatureClass
Feature
Geographic Object
Row in DBMS Table
Features
• Features are geographic objects stored in relational
database tables
FeatureClass (table)
Stream
Feature
(row)
OID
Shape
Type
...
524
X,Y,Z,M, ...
Channel
...
• Feature location is an attribute of type shape
– Point, Multipoint, Line, Polygon
– Attributes and geometry are stored together not in
separate files as in Arc Info 7 and ArcView 3
Feature DataSets
• A holder for a set of feature
classes having a common
coordinate system and
spatial extent
FeatureClass
FeatureClass (table)
Stream
Feature
(row)
OID
Shape
Type
524
X,Y,Z,M, ...
Channel
...
...
Object Class
GeoDatabase
FeatureDataset
Extensible Data Model
Row
Feature
Measurement
NetworkFeature
Basin
JunctionFeature
EdgeFeature
SimpleJunction
ComplexEdge
Confluence
Gage
Stream
What is Arc Hydro?
• An data infrastructure for storing and
integrating hydro data within ArcGIS
– A set of hydro objects built on top of
ArcObjects
– A set of standardized attributes
– A vocabulary for describing data (glossary)
– A toolset for implementing the data model
Arc Hydro Components
Drainage System
Hydro Network
Flow
Time
Time Series
Hydrography
Channel System
Arc Hydro Data Model
Hydrography
Hydrology
Streams
Drainage Areas
Hydrography
Channels
Terrain Surfaces
Rainfall Response
Digital Orthophotos
Data Model
Based on
Inventory
Data Model Based on Behavior
Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the
land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.
Integrating Data Inventory using
a Behavioral Model
Relationships between
objects linked by tracing path
of water movement
Arc Hydro USA
• Arc Hydro Framework
dataset for USA at
1:500,000 scale
• Built from USGS and
National Weather
Service data
• MonitoringPoints are
USGS stream gaging
stations
Arc Hydro Framework Input Data
Watersheds
Waterbody
Streams
Monitoring Points
Feature
Arc Hydro Framework
Waterbody
HydroPoint
HydroID
HydroCode
FType
Name
JunctionID
!(
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ComplexEdgeFeature
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HydroID
HydroCode
FType
Name
AreaSqKm
JunctionID
HydroID
HydroCode
DrainID
AreaSqKm
JunctionID
NextDownID
*
*
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*
Watershed
SimpleJunctionFeature
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HydroEdge
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HydroID
HydroCode
ReachCode
Name
LengthKm
LengthDown
FlowDir
FType
EdgeType
Enabled
EdgeType
Flowline
Shoreline
1
HydroNetwork
HydroJunction
HydroID
HydroCode
NextDownID
LengthDown
DrainArea
FType
Enabled
AncillaryRole
1
Arc Hydro Framework Dataset
for the Guadalupe Basin
HydroNetwork through Canyon Lake
Flowlines through water body
Generic Junction
(for topological
connection of edges)
HydroJunction has Waterbody Relationship
National Hydro Data Programs
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html
National Elevation Dataset
(NED)
National Hydrography Dataset
(NHD)
Elevation Derivatives for
National Application (EDNA)
Watershed Boundary Dataset
Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS)
Guadalupe Basin
(4 HUC’s)
• 2015 HUC’s cover continental US
• average area ~ 1 county
Hydrologic Unit Code
= 12100203
Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin
Guadalupe
HydroNetwork
TNRCC water
availability points
(water supply)
NWS forecast
Watersheds
(flooding)
EPA TMDL
Segments
(water quality)
Regional Analysis
HydroNetwork to
provide connectivity of
flow through large
regions
Digital elevation model
for terrain analysis within
basins
Scales of representation of Drainage Systems
Basins – drainage areas for water
resources management
Watersheds – subdivision of Basin
for a particular hydrologic purpose
Catchments – subdivision of
Basin into elementary drainage
areas by physical rules
Digital Elevation Model –
land surface terrain grid cells
Catchments, DrainageLines and
DrainagePoints
Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet
EDNA Catchments
Average area = 7.5 km2
Designed for remapping of Nexrad
data onto drainage units
Arc Hydro Time Series Object
TSDateTime
TSValue
FeatureID
TSType
National Water Information System
Web access to USGS
water resources data
Arc Hydro NWIS data
retrieval tool
HydroID and HydroCode
Retrieving NWIS Data
• Select Gage
Layer
• Enter Period of
Record
Streamflow Time Series
Arc Hydro Time Series Table
Time Series Extracted to Excel
(In Excel, use Data/Get External Data to query Geodatabase)
Excel
view
Geodatabase
view
HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data
Average area = 14.5 km2
Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data
1 hour Nexrad Rainfall
on the Guadalupe Basin
October 13, 2001
Water Balance in the Landscape
Atmospheric Water
Precipitation
Evaporation
Runoff
Soil Water
Surface Water
Recharge
Baseflow
Groundwater
EDNA Catchments
Average area = 7.5 km2
Intersection of Nexrad and
Catchments
Surface Water Balance
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water
Surface Water
Modflow Groundwater Cells
Modflow Model of the
Edwards-Trinity
aquifer
Average area = 2.6 km2
Intersection of Nexrad and
Modflow Cells
Atmospheric Water
Groundwater
Balance
Groundwater
Intersection of Nexrad,
Catchments and Modflow
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water
Surface Water
Groundwater
What software do you need?
• ArcView 8.2
– Viewing, querying existing geodatabases
– Editing feature classes and adding data
• Spatial Analyst for ArcGIS
– To operate the raster tools in Arc Hydro
• ArcInfo 8.2
– To build geometric networks and create new
relationships
Arc Hydro Tools Version 1.0
• Raster processing
– DEM processing
– Watershed delineation
• Vector processing
– Arc Hydro attributes
– Network analysis
• Time Series and
Application Utilities
• Buttons
Hydrologic Information System
Analysis, Modeling,
Decision Making
Arc Hydro
Geodatabase