Transcript CDM in Small Hydro Power Plant Presented By :Ankit Tiwari [email protected] Clean Development Mechanism.

CDM in Small Hydro Power Plant
Presented By :Ankit Tiwari
[email protected]
Clean Development Mechanism
The CDM Process
•
All these mechanisms are market-based ones; the first two are
project based, where as the third one allows the developed countries to
sell surplus emission of one country to another developed country.
•
CDM works between those countries who have agreed emissions
reduction targets, under UNFCCC (Annex-1) and those who have not I.e
non-annex countries or the bulk of developing world.
•
Out of the 3 Kyoto mechanism, CDM is the only for the developing
world, which encourages cleaner development and bring infusion of
investments and technologies; which thus provides them an
opportunity to adopt cleaner technologies and be paid for emission
reductions.\
•
CDM undergoes through a project cycle involving 4 stages such as (1)
Project Development (2) Validation and Registration (3) Project
Monitoring (4) Verification, Certification and Issuance of CERs.
Carbon Dioxide emissions in
Indian Industrial Sectors
INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR : CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
Others
15%
Steel
10%
Cement
4%
Paper
1%
Chemicals
3%
Transportation
16%
Carbon Dioxide emission as of the year 1995
SOURCE : HANDBOOK OF STATISTICS 1998
Power
51%
Power
Transportation
Chemicals
Paper
Cement
Steel
Others
India offers a vast Untapped Market
for Carbon Trading
•
Leading sectors, having GHG Mitigation potential
include energy efficiency (45%), renewable energy (35%), methane
emissions abatement (15%), and improvements in the thermal energy
generation sector (5%).
In India, total C02-e emissions in 1990 were 10,01,352 Gg, which was
approx. 3% of global emissions. The Power sector was the largest
emitter of C02, contributing 55% of national emissions.
India would be requiring an additional 100,000 MW of power by 2012.
Hydro Power Plant
Working
Hydro means "water". So, hydropower is "water power" and
hydroelectric power is electricity generated using water power. Potential
energy (or the "stored" energy in a reservoir) becomes kinetic (or
moving energy). This is changed to mechanical energy in a power plant,
which is then turned into electrical energy. Hydroelectric power is a
renewable resource. In an impoundment facility (see below), water is
stored behind a dam in a reservoir. In the dam is a water intake. This is a
narrow opening to a tunnel called a penstock. Water pressure (from the
weight of the water and gravity) forces the water through the penstock
and onto the blades of a turbine. A turbine is similar to the blades of a
child's pinwheel. But instead of breath making the pinwheel turn, the
moving water pushes the blades and turns the turbine. The turbine
spins because of the force of the water. The turbine is connected to an
electrical generator inside the powerhouse. The generator produces
electricity that travels over long-distance power lines to homes and
businesses. The entire process is called hydroelectricity.
Benefits of Hydro Power
1. Hydro power involves a clean process of power generation.
2. It is a renewable source of energy and contributes to the
upliftment of the rural masses, especially projects located in
remote and inaccessible areas.
3. It is the most cost effective option for power supply because it
does not suffer from the limitation on account of fuel consumption.
4. Most small hydro projects in Uttaranchal are being developed in
remote and backward areas where substantial support for
economic development is actually needed.
5. Small hydro power contributes in solving the low voltage
problem in the remote hilly areas and helping reducing the losses
in transmission and distribution.
6. In certain cases projects are helpful in providing drinking water
and irrigation facilities.
7. It helps in promoting the local industries in remote areas.
8. The development of small hydro projects requires minimum
rehabilitation and resettlement as well as environmental
problems.
9. Small hydro projects help in generating self employment in
remote areas of the state.
10. Small hydro power projects help in providing stable electricity
supply at remote areas where such facility by other source shall be
much costlier and unreliable.
11. The viability can be improved by incorporating the benefits of
Carbon Trading.
12. A very good example of the SHP utilization is our Badrinath
(2x1125 kW) SHP which is catering the power requirement of the
holy Badrinath Temple and its habitation.
Disadvantages
1.
Environmental damage
Population relocation
Dam failures
Affected by flow shortage
Indicators for sustainable
development for CDM projects
Social well being
Economic well being
Environmental well being
Technological well being