Transcript Slide 1
Hydro Power
Catherine Walker
American Public University
Used with permission from:
Professor Stephen Lawrence
Leeds School of Business
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO
1
Hydrologic Cycle
2
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos/hydro.htm
History of Hydro Power
3
Early Irrigation Waterwheel
4
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
Early Roman Water Mill
5
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
Early Norse Water Mill
6
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
Fourneyron’s Turbine
7
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
Hydro Power to Electric Power
Potential
Energy
Electrical
Energy
Electricity
Kinetic
Energy
Mechanical
Energy
8
http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/images/technical/hydro-power.jpg
How it works
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glAiIDoTREE&feature=related
9
Uses of Hydro Power
10
U.S. Energy Consumption – US
11
World hydro production
12
Source: http://grist.org/climate-energy/hydropower-continues-steady-growth/
Three Gorges Dam (China)
13
Itaipú Dam (Brazil & Paraguay)
14
“Itaipu,” Wikipedia.org
Guri Dam (Venezuela)
15
http://www.infodestinations.com/venezuela/espanol/puerto_ordaz/index.shtml
Grand Coulee Dam (US)
16
www.swehs.co.uk/ docs/coulee.html
Percent Hydropower by US State
17
http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/HydroS.pdf
Hydropower Design
18
Terminology
Head
Dams: three categories
Water must fall from a higher elevation to a lower one to
release its stored energy.
The difference between these elevations is called head
high-head (800 or more feet)
medium-head (100 to 800 feet)
low-head (less than 100 feet)
Power is proportional to the product of
head x flow
19
http://www.wapa.gov/crsp/info/harhydro.htm
Types of Hydroelectric Installation
20
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
Conventional Impoundment Dam
21
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html
Example
Hoover Dam (US)
22
http://las-vegas.travelnice.com/dbi/hooverdam-225x300.jpg
Diversion (Run-of-River) Hydropower
23
Example
Diversion Hydropower (Tazimina, Alaska)
24
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html
Pumped Storage Schematic
25
Example
Courtright Reservoir (California)
26
Turbine Design
27
Types of Hydropower Turbines
28
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
Francis Turbine – Grand Coulee Dam
29
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
Fixed-Pitch Propeller Turbine
30
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
Kaplan Turbine Cross Section
31
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
Housing for Pelton Wheel –
Seven Oaks Dam
32
East End Hydro Operations
How a Pelton Turbine Works
33
Pros and Cons
34
Pros and Cons
Pros
Little to no
emissions
Very responsive
Very efficient
Requires little
maintenance
Create reservoir
lakes
Cons
Construction costs
Disruption of
ecosystems
Sedimentation
Few feasible sites
Failure
Drought can affect
power production
35